Unit 3 Lecture 3

Diffusion
Diffusion movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration y works to balance the concentration gradients of substances y ex: perfume in a room, dye in a glass of water

Diffusion cont d
Concentration Gradient difference in concentration of a substance over a certain area
y with/down the gradient = particles move from area

of high conc. to low conc. y typical diffusion; natural movement y against the gradient = particles move from area of low conc. to high conc. y non-natural movement; requires E

Diffusion cont d
Dynamic Equilibrium a balance of the distribution of particles in an area acknowledging the constant movement of the particles y dynamic opposite of sta(tic/sis) y indicates constant change

Diffusion cont d
Diffusion often occurs through one of two types of membranes: y permeable membrane y allows all molecules [solute, solvent, or other particle] to pass through y semi/selectively permeable membrane y allows only certain substances to pass through y which type of membrane do cells have?

Diffusion Drawings
Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are:
y 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] y 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

Based on the given information, y identify & understand the type of membrane y draw before & after beaker with membrane

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

Based on the given information, y identify & understand the type of membrane y draw before & after beakers with membrane

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

before beaker: y under beaker, record # of particles per side y draw # particles in beaker

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

before beaker: y determine directions of particle movement

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

before beaker: y above, draw arrows specifying how particles will move

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

before beaker: y large arrow = larger movement [specify type of particle]

X

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

before beaker: y small arrow = smaller movement [specify type of particle]

X

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

after beaker: y under beaker, record new # of particles per side

X

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

X=2 O=2

X= 2 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

after beaker: y draw # of particles in beakers

X

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

X=2 O=2

X= 2 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right]

after beaker: y draw appropriate arrows [specify type of particle]

X X

X=3 O=2

X= 1 O = 10

X=2 O=2

X= 2 O = 10

Osmosis
Osmosis diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane y membrane allows ONLY water to go through y solute particles NEVER move y water must be used to reach dynamic equilibrium y more water moves to where there is more solute

Osmosis cont d
y Ex: y which has the higher concentration of solute? y how can you make the concentrations equal?
y 5 scoops of lemonade in a pitcher

filled with 8 ounces of water y 5 scoops of lemonade in a pitcher filled with 1 gallon of water

Osmosis Drawings
Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are:
y 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

Based on the given information, y identify & understand the type of membrane y draw before & after tubes with membrane

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

Based on the given information, y identify & understand the type of membrane y draw before & after tubes with membrane

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

before tube: y under tube, record # of particles per side y draw # particles in tube

X=3

X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

before tube: y determine directions of particle movement

X=3

X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

before tube: y above, draw arrows specifying how particles will move

X=3

X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

before tube: y large arrow = larger movement [specify type of particle]

H2O

X=3

X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

before tube: y small arrow = smaller movement [specify type of particle]

H2O

X=3

X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

after tube: y under tube, record # of particles per side

H2O

X=3

X= 1

X=3

X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

after tube: y draw # of particles in beakers AND water level

H2O

X=3

X= 1

X=3

X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]

after tube: y draw appropriate arrows [specify type of particle]

H2O

H2O

X=3

X= 1

X=3

X= 1

What happens to cells?

Hypertonic Solution solution outside of the cell has a higher concentration of solute than inside of the cell. y hyper = more than normal y water moves out of cell y cell shrinks Why is this bad for the cell?

What happens to cells? cont d

Isotonic Solution solution outside of the cell has the same concentration as the solution inside of the cell. y concentrations are equal y cell remains the same size

What happens to cells? cont d

Hypotonic Solution solution outside of the cell has a lower concentration of solute than inside of the cell. y hypo = less than normal y water moves into the cell y cell swells [possibly bursts]