CUBES AND CUBE ROOTS

Cube of a number
3 x 3 x 3 = 27 = 33 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 = 43 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000 =103 When a number is mulltiplied by itself twice it is said to be cubed. a x a x a = a3 The cube of a number is that number raised to the power of 3.

Perfect cube
If a natural number a which is the cube of some natural number b , it is a perfect cube. A perfect cube does not involve any decimal or fraction. Some perfect cubes are 1 = 13 ,8 = 23, 27 = 33 ,125 = 53,343 =73. n = m3 ,where n is the perfect cube of m

x 2 x (2)3 2 x

x 2

= = = 8 8

Since numbers raised to the power three when represented geometrically,form a cube, they are called perfect cubes.

To find out whether a given number is a perfect cube or not

Step I - Find prime factors of the given number. Step II Group similar factors into triplets. Step III If no factor is left out , then the given number is a perfect cube. Step IV If even 1 factor is left,the number is not a perfect cube.

Is 27000 a perfect cube?

Factorize 27000 27000 =2x2x2x3x3x3 5x5x5 27000 = (2 x 2 x 2) x (3 x 3 x 3) x (5 x 5 x 5) Since no factor is left 27000 is a perfect cube 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 27000 13500 6750 3375 1125 375 125 25 5 1

Is 1080 a perfect cube?

Factorize 1080 1080 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3x3x5 1080 =(2 x 2 x 2) x (3 x 3 x 3) x 5 Since one factor is left 1080 is not a perfect cube 2 1080 2 540 2 270 3 135 3 45 3 15 5

PROPERTIES OF CUBES OF NUMBERS

1.The cube of an even number is always even,whereas the cube of an odd number is always odd. 2.The cube of any multiple of 2 is divisible by 8. (4)3=64 which is divisible by 8 (12)3= 1728 which is divisible by 8 3.The cube of any multiple of 3 is divisible by 27. (9)3 = 729 which is divisible by 27.

4. The cube of a negative number is always negative. (-2)3 = (-2) x (-2) x (-2) = 4 x (-2) = -8 (-5)3 = (-5) x (-5) x (-5) = 25 x (-5) = -125 5. The cube of a positive number is always positive.

CUBE ROOT
A number which is repeatedly multiplied to get another number is called root.  The cube root of a number a is denoted as 3 a  If b x b x b = a then,b is the cube root of a. b3 = a Thus, b = 3 a  Since 23 = 8 ; 2 = 3 8


Cube root by successive subtraction.

13 = 1 23 - 13 = 8 - 1 = 7 33 -23 = 27 - 8 =19 43 -33 = 64 27 = 37 53 43 = 125 - 64 = 61. and so on Also 1 3= 1 23 = 1 + 7 33 = 1 + 7 + 19 43 = 1 + 7 + 19 + 37 53 = 1 + 7 + 19 + 37 + 61..and so on

 

In each case the last number(1 , 7 , 19, 31.) can be obtained by the formula [1 + n (n + 1) x 3] ,n = 0,1,2,3,4 To find the cube root of small natural numbers using this pattern. Subtract the set of numbers from the given cube of number till the remainder is zero. Count the number of times subtraction is done. The number of times subtraction is done is the cube root of the given number

Cube root of a number using prime factorization method Step I Find the prime factors of the given number. Step II - Make triplets of prime factors that are equal. Step III Write one factor from each triplet. Step IV Find the product of those factors. The product obtained is the required cube root.

Find the cube root of 3375

The prime factors of 3375 are 3375 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 5  Equal factors in triplets 3375 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 5  Taking one factor from each triplet,we get3 3375 = 3 x 5 = 15  Therefore, 15 is the cube root of 3375


Cube root of a rational number

A number which can be written of the form p/q where q 0 , is a rational number. The cube root of a rational number x will be a rational number y if y3 = x . i.e. y = x , if y3 = x

For perfect cubes a and b

Rule I :3

avb

Rule II :-

a b

3 3

a b

where b 0

 To find the cube root of the rational number. If the given fraction is a mixed fraction, convert it into an improper fraction. Find the cube root of the numerator and denominator separately. The fraction obtained is the cube root.

8 = 8 3 125 125

3 3

125

2 5

2 is the square root. 5