Joell Mathew k Kartik Suresh Janis Waseem Hemil Prajapati Mann Shah Kevin Paul

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What is sewage?
Sewage is water-carried waste, waterin solution or suspension, that is intended to be removed from a community. Also known as wastewater, it is wastewater, more than 99% water and is characterized by volume or rate of flow, physical condition, flow, chemical constituents and the bacteriological organisms that it contains. In loose American English usage, the terms 'sewage' and 'sewerage'' are 'sewerage sometimes interchanged. Both words are descended from Old French assewer, derived assewer, from the Latin exaquare, "to exaquare, drain out (water)"

Classes of sewage include sanitary, commercial, industrial, agricultural and surface runoff. The spent water from residences and institutions, carrying body wastes, washing water, food preparation wastes, laundry wastes, and other waste products of normal living, are classed as domestic or sanitary sewage. LiquidLiquid-carried wastes from stores and service establishments serving the immediate community, termed commercial wastes, are included in the sanitary or domestic sewage category if their characteristics are similar to household flows. Wastes that result from an industrial process or the production or manufacture of goods are classed as industrial wastewater. Their flows and strengths are usually more varied, intense, and concentrated than those of sanitary sewage. Surface runoff, also known as storm flow or runoff, overland flow, is that portion of precipitation that runs rapidly over the ground surface to a defined channel. Precipitation absorbs gases and particulates from the atmosphere, dissolves and leaches materials atmosphere, from vegetation and soil, suspends matter from the land, washes spills and debris from urban streets and highways, and carries all these pollutants as wastes in its flow to a collection point. point.

The sewage system

A system of sewer pipes (sewers) collects sewage and takes it for treatment or disposal. The system of sewers is called sewerage or sewerage system in British English and sewage system in American English. Where a main sewerage system has not been provided, sewage may be collected from homes by pipes into septic tanks or cesspits, where it may be treated or collected in vehicles and taken for treatment or disposal. Properly functioning septic tanks require emptying every 25 years depending on the 2 load of the system. Sewage and wastewater is also disposed of to rivers, streams and the sea in many parts of the world. Doing so can lead to serious pollution of the receiving water. This is common in third world countries and may still occur in some developed countries, where septic tank systems are too expensive.

 Produces recycled water that is good for tertiary use including agricultural and recreational purposes without undue wastage. Does not cause any odor, Produces negligible sludge (since it is difficult to dispose), Occupies very little space, preferably none at all on the floor if possible, Costs little to maintain, Cequires minimal maintenance crew, Can be built with local labor, and with mostly local material & equipment, Costs as little as possible.

Treatment of sewage
It is the process of removing the contaminants from sewage to produce liquid and solid (sludge) suitable for discharge to the environment or for reuse. It is a form of waste management. A septic tank or other on-site wastewater ontreatment system such as biofilters can be used to treat sewage close to where it is created. Sewage water is a complex matrix, with many distinctive chemical characteristics. These include high concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, high conductivity (due to high dissolved solids), high alkalinity, with pH typically ranging between 7 and 8. Trihalomethanes are also likely to be present as a result of past disinfection. In developed countries sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards.

Be an active citizen
Sewage sludge can be collected through a sludge processing plant that automatically heats the matter and conveys it into fertilizer pellets (hereby removing possible contamination by chemical detergents. This approach allows to eliminate seawater pollution by conveying the water directly to the sea without treatment (a practice which is still common in developing countries, despite environmental regulation). Sludge plants should be useful in areas that have already set-up a sewagesetsewagesystem, but not in areas without such a system, as composting toilets are more efficient and do not require sewage pipes (which break over time).

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Questions and Answers

1)Surface runoff is also known as _______________ or___________________ Ans: Ans: Storm flow or Overland flow 2) A system of sewer pipes (sewers) collects sewage and takes it for ______________ or___________. Ans: Ans: treatment or disposal

3) Wastes that result from an industrial process or the production or manufacture of goods are classed as__________________. Ans: Ans: Industrial wastewater 4) Sewage and wastewater is also disposed of to ______, _______and the sea in many parts of the world. Ans: Ans: rivers, streams