ANTIPYRETICS

PRESENTED BYBRUCHELLE PEREIRA. DISHA DHAIRYAWAN. DR KAVITA BADGUJAR. DR PARAG SARVE. MSC CR (2010-12), ICRI MUMBAI.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION DRUG INFORMATION DOSAGE FORMS RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

INTRODUCTION
Antipyretic drugs are class of drugs that are used to prevent or reduce fever.  Do not affect normal body temperature.  Reduce body temperature from raised state in case of bacterial or viral triggered defense mechanism.

DRUG INFORMATION
PARACETAMOL
It is a type of NSAIDS(non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs). Deacetylated active metabolite of phenacetin Chemical name - Para-aminosalicyclic acid. Non-proprietary name Acetaminophen. Proprietary name (Brand name) Crocin, Calpol, Panadol etc.

DRUG INFORMATION CONTD .

Mechanism of action Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins in the CNS and peripherially blocks pain impulse. Hence also used as analgesic widely.  Decreased levels of prostaglandins leads to decreased effect of microbial pyrogens on heat regulating centers in brain & produces antipyresis.

DRUG INFORMATION PARACETAMOL

Dosage according to age Infants :50mg. Children (1-3yrs ): 80-160 mg. (4-8yrs): 240-320mg. (9-12yrs): 300-600 mg. Adults: 0.5 -1g TDS (total daily dose ) not to exceed 2.5g .

DRUG INFORMATION CONTD

Advantages of Paracetamol Well tolerated & Safe.  Does not lead to gastric irritation, ulceration or bleeding as in case of aspirin.  No significant drug interactions.  Hypersensitivity is rare.  No acid-base disturbances.  Safely used in infants, pregnant, lactating women & in patients where NSAIDS contraindicated .

DRUG INFORMATION CONTD

PARACETAMOL is available in various oral & parenteral dosage forms.

PARACETAMOL TABLETS.
Dose 500 mg, 1.0g . Brand name Crocin , Calpol, Panadol. Manufacturers Glaxosmithkline pharmaceuticals (crocin), Aurobindo pharma, Cipla limited etc. Glaxosmithkline in 2003 has launched Crocin pain relief containing paracetamol&caffeine as actives.

PARACETAMOL CAPSULES
DOSE- 500 mg -1g. Can be used in children over 12yrs. Brand name -Boots Paracetamol capsules Mfg by Boots pharmaceuticals .

PARACETAMOL SYRUP
DOSE 125mg/5 ml , 150mg / ml syrup. Brand name- Aeknil syrup drops, Metacin, Paracin ,Apecin paracetamol syrup etc Manufacturers Arihant pharmaceutical works (Apecin), Therapeutic pharmaceuticals (Aeknil syrup ).

PARACETAMOL ELIXIR
Paracetamol dissolved in defined quantities of alcohol. Dose 120mg/5ml. Dose repeated every 4hrs upto 4 times a day. Brand name - Panadol Paracetamol elixir. Manufactured by- Cynosure pharma UK

PARACETAMOL SUSPENSION
Dose -150mg/5ml Brand name Crocin suspension in strawberry flavour (1-5 yrs of children) Crocin suspension double strength in mixed fruit flavour (5-12yrs) . Manufactured by Glaxosmithkline .

PARACETAMOL I.M INJECTION

Dose 150mg/ml. Brand name- Aeknil Paracetamol I.M injection. Manufactured by Aeknil Pharmaceuticals Uses febrile convulsion , post operative trauma , when oral medication is not possible.

PARACETAMOL SUPPOSITORIES
Dose 300mg per suppository Used in paedriatic patients for mild to moderate pain & fever. Brand name Doliprane Manufactured by Aventis pharma.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
FDA approval for Acetavance Paracetamol I.V injection by Cadence pharmaceuticals on 2ndNov 2010. Antipyretics like paracetamol , aspirin, dipyrine are used for modifying the labelling blood elements with tectnetium(nuclear medicine). Crocin quick works twice times as regular paracetamol tablet launched by GSK .

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