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 Freshman English I

• Teacher • Ms. Ahmar Aleem

Faculty of Management 3
 COURSE PROFILE
1. LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• By the end of the course, the students will be able to:
• introduce themselves formally
• use correct grammar in context
• develop skills in reading, writing, speaking and listening
• understand and appreciate English language and its use in
effective communication
• write effective essays, short paragraphs and short stories
and will develop ability to evaluate and understand written
material
• focus on different conventions of writing
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• use accurate grammar and vocabulary in speech and writing
 Paraphrasing tips
⚫ The five steps to paraphrasing may seem straightforward,
but writing an idea in a different way than the published
version can be difficult. These are four tricks you can
apply to help you do so.
⚫ Start your first sentence at a different point from that of
the original source
⚫ Use synonyms (words that mean the same thing)
⚫ Change the sentence structure (e.g. from active to passive
voice)
⚫ Break the information into separate sentences
 How to cite a paraphrase…??
Once you have your perfectly paraphrased text, you need to
ensure you credit the original author. No matter what citation
style you use, you always paraphrase in the same way. The
only thing that is different is the in-text citation.
 Paraphrasing vs. quoting
⚫ If you complete thorough research and take notes on the
sources you read, you will naturally end up paraphrasing most
of the important information you find rather than using direct
quotes. It is wise to limit the number of direct quotes in your
paper because:
⚫ Paraphrasing shows that you clearly understand the meaning of a
text
⚫ Your own voice will remain dominant throughout your paper
⚫ Quotes reduce the readability of your text
Some confusions regarding
Paraphrasing…
 Paraphrasing vs.
summarizing
⚫ A paraphrase is a rewriting of a specific passage from someone
else, so it will be approximately the same length as the source’s
original quote.
⚫ When you completely or partially describe the outcome of a
more substantial part of the research, it is called a summary.
⚫ There is a distinct difference between paraphrasing and
summarizing. However, in general (as is the case in many
universities), both are often referred to as paraphrasing.
⚫ While paraphrasing and quoting are ideal if you wish to focus
on one section of a research article, summarizing is a useful
tool if you find the entire source relevant and interesting.
 Avoiding plagiarism
⚫ When paraphrasing, one has to be careful to avoid accidental
plagiarism.
⚫ This can happen if the paraphrase is too similar to the original
quote, with phrases or whole sentences that are identical (and
should therefore be in quotation marks). It can also happen if
one fails to properly cite the source of the paraphrase.
⚫ To make sure someone has properly paraphrased and cited all
your sources, he could elect to run a plagiarism check before
submitting your paper. A plagiarism checker scans the paper
and compares it to a vast database of sources. It highlights any
passages that are too similar to another source, even when the
structure has been changed or synonyms used.
Paraphrasing without crediting the original author is a
form of plagiarism, because you’re presenting someone
else’s ideas as if they were your own.
However, paraphrasing is not plagiarism if you correctly
cite the source. This means including an in-text citation
and a full reference, formatted according to your required
citation style.
As well as citing, make sure that any paraphrased text is
completely rewritten in your own words.

Is Paraphrasing =
Plagiarism??
 ⚫ Plagiarism means using someone else’s words or ideas and
passing them off as your own. Paraphrasing means putting
someone else’s ideas in your own words.
⚫ So when does paraphrasing count as plagiarism?
⚫ Paraphrasing is plagiarism if you don’t properly credit the
original author.
⚫ Paraphrasing is plagiarism if your text is too close to the
original wording (even if you cite the source). If you directly
copy a sentence or phrase, you should quote it instead.
⚫ Paraphrasing is not plagiarism if you put the author’s ideas

Plagiarism v/s
completely in your own words and properly cite the source.

paraphrasing
Accidental plagiarism is one of the most common examples
of plagiarism. Perhaps you forgot to cite a source, or
paraphrased something a bit too closely. Maybe you can’t
remember where you got an idea from, and aren’t totally
sure if it’s original or not.
These all count as plagiarism, even though you didn’t do it on
purpose. When in doubt, make sure you’re citing your
sources. Also consider running your work through a
plagiarism checker tool prior to submission, which work by

Can Plagiarism be
using advanced database software to scan for matches
between your text and existing texts.

accidental?
 Paraphrase the following text:
(text 3)
Serving others can help make people happier in any situation. When
people are feeling stressed or unhappy, it is often because they are
focused on their problems and worries. Focusing on our own problems
and worries makes us feel more stressed about them. When we focus
on helping other people with their problems, we feel happier because
we are not focused on ourselves. Helping others also helps in the other
areas of building happiness: it strengthens our relationships with others
and it helps us feel more gratitude. When we serve others, we can
become good friends with the people we help because they see how
much we care about them. We feel more gratitude because we see the
problems other people face and we realize that we are not the only ones
who struggle with certain problems. Serving others is an essential key
to living a happier life. [148 words]
 Paraphrase the following text:
(text 4)
Dinner groups are a great solution for people who hate to
cook for themselves. A dinner group is a group of friends that decides
to eat dinner together every night. The job of being the cook rotates
every day that the group meets for dinner. Most college dinner groups
meet Monday through Thursday, to allow group members time on the
weekends to go on dates and visit friends. If there are four people,
everyone cooks dinner one day each week from Monday to Thursday.
If you are only in charge of cooking one meal each week, you can
simply go to someone’s house on the other days each week and not
need to spend time cooking. Dinner groups allow busy students to eat
healthy meals every night, but only cook once a week. This is an
excellent way to eat healthier and maybe even make a new friend.
[148 words]
Practice for
paraphrasing…