Human Genome
Human Genome
Project
Project (HGP)
(HGP)
Human Genome Project
(HGP)
The genome is defined as the total genetic material contained within
the chromosomes of an organism and carried by the DNA.
HGP was conceived in 1984 & officially begun in earnest in
October 1990.
HGP is a large multicentric, international collaborative
venture, the main aim of which is to determine the
nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome.
In 1997, United States established the National
Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI).
The main objectives set out early in history of the
project include:
1. To obtain complete sequence of pooled DNA extracted
from cells donated by several anonymous donors, so as to
determine the sequence of DNA in each chromosome.
2. To construct genetic map for facilitating genetic linkage
studies.
3. To discover all human genes to allow further study of
human genetic diseases.
Goals for the
HGP
1. Establish the complete human genome sequence
and to make it freely accessible
2. Improve the sequencing technology by
developing new and more effective methods
3. Analyze sequence variations in the human
genome, such as single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) and other DNA sequence
variations
MAJOR WORK DONE UNDER HGP
1.Isolation of diseases gene
2. Comparative biology of human and other
organisms.
3.Advances in molecular diagnosis.
4.Therapeutic benefits.
OUTCOME OF hGP
Has a genetics basis in identifying various
psychiatric disorders
Helps in understanding of complex social traits.
Better understanding of developmental biology
Improvement in gene therapy
Identification of human gene and their function.
Understanding of polygenic disordes eg Cancer,
HTN and diabetes.
Applications of
HGP
1. Identification of human genes and their functions.
2. Understanding of polygenic disorders e.g. cancer,
hypertension, diabetes.
3. Improvements in gene therapy
4. Improved diagnosis of diseases
5. Development of pharmacogenesis.
6. Genetic basis of psychiatric disorders.
7. Understanding of complex social trait.
8. Improved knowledge on mutations.
9. Better understanding of developmental biology.
10. Development of biotechnology.
Best Way to keep COOL in
KTM ? ! ?
CATEGORIES OF EUGENICS
Current trends in Eugenics
During the 20th century, many countries enacted various eugenics
policies and programs including,
Genetic Screening
Birth Control
Marriage restriction
Compulsory sterilization
Forced abortion or conversely forced pregnancies .
Thanku
