1.

1 CHEMISTRY
Page 7- 11

DEFINITIONS
What is matter? What is chemistry?

Anything that has mass and occupies space. Study of matter and the changes matter goes through.

Activity
Write 3 examples of matter and 3 of non matter.

Considering your daily activities, think of those that do not involve chemistry.

SUBDIVISIONS OF CHEMISTRY
Organic Chemistry Athletes inhale chemicals developed by organic chemists to control symptoms of asthma. Inorganic Chemistry An inorganic chemist might explain how a lack of calcium can affect the growth and repair of bones. Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemists develop tests to detect chemicals in the blood. The tests help to show if organs in the body are working properly. Biochemistry A biochemist might study how the energy used for the contraction of muscles is produced and stored. Physical Chemistry A physical chemist might study factors that affect breathing rates during exercise.

Fill in the appropriate subdivision of chemistry

Investigate ways to slow down the rusting of steel. Developing a better insulin-delivery system for diabetics. Determining the amount of mercury present in a soil sample. Comparing the hardness of copper and silver. Developing a new carbon-based fiber for clothing.

Are these subdivisions clearly defined?

Types of research
Pure Chemistry Applied Chemistry

What is the difference???

The difference relies on the goal of the research.

Reasons to study Chemistry

In your own words...

+ What is chemistry? + What do chemists do? + What is essential in your life and how would you relate it to chemistry?

WEB ACTIVITY
http://www.quia.com/mc/1136388.html

p. 12-17

1.2 CHEMISTRY FAR AND WIDE

As you read the section, answer the following:

T or F, Chemists design materials to fit general needs:___ List two ways to meet the demand for energy. How does insulation help conserve energy? How are soybeans used as a source of energy? What are batteries for? What is the role of chemistry in the development of medicines? List 3 new materials chemists have developed that have medical applications. Define Biotechnology. How do chemists contribute to agriculture? Name one example. What are two ways that chemists work to protect the environment? Explain why chemists can help out in the research to understand the universe.

Areas of research affected by chemistry

Development of new materials Energy Medicine and Biotechnology Agriculture Ecology The Universe

MATERIALS

ENERGY

MEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

AGRICULTURE

ECOLOGY

THE UNIVERSE

1.3 Thinking like a Scientist

p.20-25

Historical Background of Chemistry

Alchemy was the science that studied matter since early times such as 400 B.C. It was divided into two:
1. Practical alchemy (glass, metals, dyes) 2. Mystical alchemy (focused on perfection)

Alchemists
a) Searched for a way to change other metals into gold (transmutation). b) They designed a lot of equipment that is still used today like mortars, beakers, flasks, etc. This was their main contribution to chemistry

From Alchemy to Science

The shift occurred around the 1500s. Science started to flourish in the 1600s. In the 1700s Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier revolutionized the science of chemistry.
 Developing a balance that could measure mass to 0.0005 grams.  Discovered that combustion occurs only when oxygen is present.
Lavoisier helped transform chemistry from a science of observation to a science of measurement.

The Scientific Method

It is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem. It involves Making Observations that leads to Asking Questions. Then, a proposed answer is known as a Hypothesis that is tested through controlled experiments. If several repetitions of experiments lead you to the same answer it may become a Theory or a Scientific Law. (The theory explains while the law describes concisely.) It has been said that a theory can never be proven so that it always leaves a possibility to make changes to it.

To review the steps...

Step 1
Ask yourself a question based on observations.

Step 2
Form a hypothesis (possible explanation for what youve
observed)

Step 3
Test the hypothesis by an experiment.

Step 4
Analyze the results collected from the experiment.

Step 5
Have conclusions from the results of your experiment.

Step 6
Communicate results to other scientists.

1.4 PROBLEM SOLVING IN CHEMISTRY

p.28-32

Solving Problems
Effective problem solving involves developing a plan and then implementing that plan (like PATHS). There are three main steps (for numerical problems):

For conceptual problems

Solve the following problems:

1. Apples are selling at $1.50 a pound. Each apple, on average weighs 0.50 pounds. If you have $6.00 How many apples can you purchase? A chemist needs to fill 7 test tubes with sulfuric acid. Each test tube can hold up to 10.5 ml each. How much sulfuric acid does the chemist need? A car travels at a speed of 60 mi/h. Convert the speed to km/h (1km= 0.62 mi). How many seconds are in 3 days? Who is taller: a man 1.62 m tall or a woman who is 56 tall? (1m= 3.28 ft 1ft =12 in 1in = 2.54cm).

2.

3. 4. 5.

Answers
1. 8 apples. 2. 73.5 ml of sulfuric acid. 3. Approx. 97 km/h 4. 259,200 seconds. 5. The woman is taller, 1.67 m.