THEORY OF STRUCTURE
TOPIC:
INFLUENCE DIAGRAM
ASSIGNMENT 1
Remember:
• Ordinate at support/s is equal to zero except when max reaction is being ask.
• Ordinate at maximum reaction is always “1” based on Muller-Breslau Principle
• Ordinate for maximum shear at any point of the beam within the supports is
always equal to “1” based on Muller-Breslau Principle (sign is disregarded)
h1
A + =1
h 2B D
C
• In finding the ordinate for maximum moment, multiply the left half of the drawn
triangle to its right half then divide the answer to the total length of the beam
between supports.
L3
h1
A 𝐿1( 𝐿2)
B
C D h 1=
h2 𝐿
L1 L2
L
Problem 1:
The three moving loads of 54kN, 30kN and 104kN are spaced at 1.5 m and 3 m respectively
as shown in Figure JjLr3.
1. Determine the maximum ordinate of the influence line at D to cause a max moment at B.
2. Determine the maximum live moment at B caused by the moving loads.
3. Determine the maximum live shear at B caused by the moving loads.
1. Maximum ordinate of the influence line at D to cause a max moment at B.
• First, draw the influence diagram for max moment at B. The figure will be like this.
30kN
54kN 104kN
11 m
h1
A D
B C 1.5 3
7.5 m 4.5 m
h2
• Identify the max ordinates of the influence diagram by using Muller-Breslau Principle
and ratio and proportion
7.5 ( 4.5) 2.8
h 1= h 2= (11)
12 4.5 maximum ordinate of the
h 1=2 .8 𝒉𝟐=− 𝟔 .𝟖𝟒 influence line at D to
cause a max moment at
B
2. Maximum live moment at B caused by the moving loads.
• First, draw the influence diagram for max moment at B.
30kN
54kN 104kN
h1
A B D
C 1.5 3
7.5 m 4.5 m 6.5 m
h4 h3 h2
8m
• Since our moving loads/wheel loads
comes from the right side of the
beam, let’s identify the ordinates
corresponding to the distances of • Max moment = wheel loads times
the wheel loads from C. corresponding ordinate
2.8 2.8 Max moment = 54(-4.04) + 30(-4.98) + 104(-
h 3= ( 8) h4= (6.5) 6.84)
4.5 4.5 Max moment = -
h 3=− 4 .98 h 4 =− 4 .04 1078.92kN.m
Note: if your answer is not -1078.92 due to
difference in decimal but the process is the
same, answer is considered check.
3. Maximum live shear at B caused by the moving loads.
30kN
• First, draw the influence diagram for max shear at B. 54kN 104kN
4.5 m
h3
h1 h5 h4
A D
h2B C 1.5 3
7.5 m 11 m
• Identify the ordinates. The moving loads/wheel loads comes from the right side of the
beam and identify the ordinates corresponding to the distances of the wheel loads.
7.5 0.375 0.375 0.375
h 1= h 3= (11) h4= (8) h 5= (6.5)
12 4.5 4.5 4.5
h 1=0.625 h 3=0.92 h 4 =0.67 h 5=0.54
h 2=1 −0.625 Max shear = 54(0.54) + 30(0.67) + 104(0.92)
h 2=0.375
Max shear = 144.94 kN
Problem 2:
The three moving loads of 54kN, 30kN and 104kN are spaced at 1.3 m and 3.4 m respectively
as shown in Figure JjLr3.
1. Determine the maximum ordinate of the influence line at F to cause a max moment at E.
2. Determine the maximum live moment at E caused by the moving loads. Note:
At your assignment,
question #2 and #3
3. Determine the maximum live shear at E caused by the moving loads. are moment at B and
shear at B.
1. Maximum ordinate of the influence line at F to cause a max moment at E.
• First, draw the influence diagram for max moment at E. The figure will be like this.
30kN
54kN 104kN
5.5 m 5.5 m
h1 F
A
E C 𝑦 D
1.3 3.4
h2
3m 9m
• Identify the max ordinates of the influence diagram by using Muller-Breslau Principle
and ratio and proportion
3(9) 2.25 2.25
h 1= h 2= (11) 𝑦= (5.5)
12 9 9 maximum ordinate of the
h 1=2 .25 h 2=2 .75 𝒚 =−𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 influence line at F to
cause a max moment at
E
2. Maximum live moment at E caused by the moving loads.
• First, draw the influence diagram for max moment at E.
30kN
54kN 104kN
5.5 m
h1 F
1.3 3.4
A
E C h4 h D
3
3m 9m h2
• The moving loads/wheel loads
comes from the right side of the
beam, identify the ordinates
corresponding to the distances of • Max moment = wheel loads times
the wheel loads. corresponding ordinate
2.25 2.8 Max moment = 54(-1.175) + 30(-1.9) + 104(-
h 3= (7.6) h4= (6.3) 2.75)
9 4.5 Max moment = - 406.45
h 3=− 1.9 h 4 =−1 .175 kN.m
3. Maximum live shear at E caused by the moving loads.
30kN
• First, draw the influence diagram for max shear at E. 54kN 104kN
h3
h1 h5 h4
9m
A D
3m
h2 E C 1.3 3.4
11 m
• Identify the ordinates. And since our moving loads/wheel loads comes from the right
side of the beam, let’s also identify the ordinates corresponding to the distances of the
wheel loads from C.
3 0.75 0.75 0.75
h 1= h 3= (11) h4= (7.6) h 5= (6. 3)
12 9 9 9
h 1=0.25 h 3=0.92 h 4 =0. 63 h 5=0.5 25
h 2=1 −0.25 Max shear = 54(0.525) + 30(0.63) + 104(0.92)
h 2=0.75
Max shear = 142.93 kN
Problem 3:
The beam shown in the Figure 4bLnks carries a concentrated live load of 125kN, a
uniform live load of 60kN/m and a uniform dead load of 34kN/m.
1. Find the value of the maximum positive moment at C.
2. Find the value of the maximum positive shear at C.
3. Find the value of the maximum negative moment at C.
4. Find the value of the maximum positive shear at C.
5. Find the maximum support reaction D.
Solution:
1. Value of the maximum positive moment at C.
• Draw the influence diagram for maximum moment at C.
4m h1
A
B C D
h2
6.5 m 10 m
• Identify the max ordinates of the influence diagram by using Muller-Breslau
Principle and ratio and proportion
6.5(10) 3.9
h 1= h 2= ( 4)
16.5 6.5
h 1=3.9 h 2=2.4
• Position the live loads for max positive moment at C, then
solve for maximum positive moment due to LL.
125 kN Remember:
Multiply the uniform
loads by the area of
4m 3 .9 positive influence
60 kN/m
A diagram and multiply
B C D the concentrated load
−2.4 by the max ordinate
6.5 m 10 m
at C.
maximum positive live moment at C max DL moment at C
𝑀 𝐶𝐿𝐿 =
[ 1
2
( 16.5 ) ( 3.9 ) ] ( 60 ) +125 (3.9) 𝑀 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =
[ 1
2
( 4 ) ( − 2.4 ) ] [
( 34 ) +
1
2 ]
( 16.5 ) ( 3.9 ) ( 34)
𝑀 𝐶𝐿𝐿 =2418 𝑘𝑁 .𝑚 𝑀 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =930.75 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚
• Position the dead loads for max positive • Then solve for maximum moment
moment at C 𝑀 𝐶 =𝑀 𝐶𝐿𝐿 + 𝑀 𝐶𝐷𝐿
Remember: 𝑀 𝐶 =2418 +930.75
Dead load act throughout the entire beam,
therefore include the negative ordinate in 𝑴 𝑪=𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 .𝒎
the computation of moment for DL
2. Value of the maximum positive shear at C.
• Draw the influence diagram for maximum moment at C.
h1
h3 6.5 m
A 4m B C 10 m D
h2
• Identify the max ordinates of the influence diagram by using Muller-Breslau Principle
and ratio and proportion
10 0.4
h 1= h 2=1 − 0.6 h 2= ( 4)
16.5 6.5
h 2=0.4
h 1=0.6 h 3= 0.25
• Position the live loads for max positive shear at
125 kN
C then solve for maximum positive shear due to
LL.
0.25 60 kN/m 6.5 m
0 .6 60 kN/m
A 4m B C 10 m D
−0.4
maximum positive live shear at C • Then solve for maximum shear.
𝑉 𝐶𝐿𝐿 =
[ 1
2
( 4 ) ( 0.25 ) ] ( 60 ) + [ 1
2
( 10 ) ( 0. 6 ) ]( 60 ) +125( 0.6) 𝑉 𝐶 =𝑉 𝐶𝐿𝐿 +𝑉 𝐶𝐷𝐿
𝑉 𝐶 =285 +74.8
𝑉 𝐶𝐿𝐿 =285 𝑘𝑁
𝑽 𝑪 =𝟑𝟓𝟗 . 𝟖 𝒌𝑵
• Position the dead loads for max positive shear at C
Remember:
max DL shear at C Dead load act throughout
the entire beam, therefore
𝑉 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =
[ 1
2
( 4 ) ( 0.25 ) ] ( 34 ) + [ 1
2
( 6.5 ) ( − 0.4 ) ] ( 34 ) + [ 1
2
( 10 ) ( 0.6 ) ]( 34 ) include the negative
ordinate in the computation
𝑉 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =74.8 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚 of moment for DL
3. Value of the maximum negative moment at C.
• Draw the influence diagram and from question #1, and
• Position the live loads for max negative moment at C, then
solve for maximum negative moment due to LL.
maximum negative live moment at C
125 kN
3 .9 𝑀 𝐶𝐿𝐿 =
[ 1
2
( 4 ) ( −2.4 ) ]( 60 ) +125 (−2.4 )
A
4m B C D 𝑀 𝐶𝐿𝐿 =−588 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚
−2.4
6.5 m 10 m
max DL moment at C
• Position the dead loads for max negative
moment at C
𝑀 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =
[ 1
2
( 4 ) ( − 2.4 ) ] [
( 34 ) +
1
2 ]
( 16.5 ) ( 3.9 ) ( 34)
𝑀 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =930.75 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚
Remember:
Dead load act throughout the entire beam,
therefore include the positive ordinate in • Then solve for maximum moment
the computation of moment for DL 𝑀 𝐶 =𝑀 𝐶𝐿𝐿 + 𝑀 𝐶𝐷𝐿
𝑀 𝐶 =−588 +930.75
𝑴 𝑪=𝟑𝟒𝟐 .𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 .𝒎
4. Value of the maximum negative shear at C.
• Draw the influence diagram and from question #2, and
• Position the live loads for max negative shear at C, then solve
for maximum negative shear due to LL.
maximum negative live shear at C
[ ](
125 kN 1
𝑉 𝐶𝐿𝐿 = ( 6.5 ) ( − 0.4 ) 60 )+ 125(−.4 )
2
0 .6
0.25 60 kN/m 𝑉 𝐶𝐿𝐿 =−128 𝑘𝑁
B 6.5 m C D
A 4m 10 m
-
• Position the dead loads for max positive shear at C • Then solve for max negative
shear.
max DL shear at C 𝑉 𝐶 =𝑉 𝐶𝐿𝐿 +𝑉 𝐶𝐷𝐿
𝑉 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =
[ 1
2
( 4 ) ( 0.25 ) ] ( 34 ) + [ 1
2
( 6.5 ) ( − 0.4 ) ] [
( 34 ) +
1
2 ]
( 10 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 34 ) 𝑉 𝐶 =− 128+74.8
𝑽 𝑪 =−𝟓𝟑 . 𝟐 𝒌𝑵
𝑉 𝐶𝐷𝐿 =74.8 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚
Remember:
Dead load act throughout the entire beam, therefore include the positive ordinate in the computation
of shear for DL
5. Value of maximum support reaction at D.
• Draw the influence diagram for maximum reaction at D.
h1
A 4m
h2 B C D
• Identify the max ordinates of the influence diagram by using Muller-Breslau
Principle and ratio and proportion
Base on Muller – Breslau, maximum reaction at supports is equal to 1, therefore,
h2 h 1
= 1 h 2= (4 ) h 2=0 .24
4 16.5 16.5
• Position the live loads for max reaction at D, then solve for
maximum reaction.
125 kN
h1
A 4m 60 kN/m
h2 B C D
6.5 m 10 m
𝑅2 𝑅1
• Solve for the maximum reaction
𝑅1 =
[ 1
2 ]
( 16.5 ) ( 1 ) ( 60 ) +125(1)
𝑹 𝟏=𝟔𝟐𝟎𝒌𝑵
USE YOUR
BOOK/S AS
ADDITIONAL
REFERENCE/S
PREPARED BY:
Source: BESAVILLA BOOK/S ENGR. MARCHIE A. RAFALES
