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Effective Communication

Our world is actively constructed (modeled) by our senses and brains.

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Ladder of Inference
Our skill at reasoning is both essential and gets us in trouble: If we thought about each inference we made, life would pass us by. But people can and do reach different conclusions. When they view their conclusions as obvious, no one sees a need to say how they reached them. When people disagree, they often hurl conclusions at each other from the tops of their respective ladders. This makes it hard to resolve differences and to learn from one another.

Mental Models Ladder of Inference

Observable data p Choice of action 1. 2. 3. Observable data People select the data they will use and ignore the rest. People use their personal and cultural beliefs to construct meaning for the data. People make assumptions using the added meaning. People draw conclusions from the assumptions and selected data. People use the conclusions to adopt personal beliefs to use in the future. Finally, people select an action based on their beliefs. Take action based on personal beliefs Adopt personal beliefs to be used in the future Draw conclusions Make assumptions using the added meaning John knew when the lab started and was deliberately late I can't count on John John always comes in late

BALANCING ADVOCACY AND INQUIRY

4. 5. 6. 7.

Use personal and cultural beliefs to Figure 1. Ladder of Inference add meaning Select the data Observable data John entered lab 30 minutes late

Improving Advocacy
GOALS: 1. Make your thinking process visible 2. Publicly test your conclusions and assumptions

Improving Inquiry
GOALS: 1. Help others make their thinking process visible 2. Compare your assumptions to theirs

1. Here s what I think and how I got there I came to this conclusion because

1. What leads you to conclude that? Can you help me understand your thinking?

2. What do you think about what I just said? Can you see any flaws in my thinking?

2. How would your proposal affect? Tell me if I am correct you are saying

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Team Learning

Proposal Discussion
Team Discussion Objectives:

Team Learning is partially a function of your ability to: Increase asking and generating behaviors Decrease telling and observing behaviors

Make sure you have agreement on the core idea Discuss the argument you are making sketch it out Discuss next steps

Basic Argument Structure

Reason 1 We can do a better job at UO helping students become culturally developed Reason 2 Cultural development is. Reason 3 Becoming culturally developed involves.. Reason 4 ____________________________________________________ We recommend _________________________

Proposal Discussion

For this discussion on your proposal, choose an observer who will: Stay outside the discussion and record observations on communication Give feedback to team on observations

What is feedback?

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What can we observe?

Peer Evaluation Process

Behaviors (macro level) Body language (micro level) Verbal expressions Non-verbal sounds (and sights, tastes, smells, temperatures, textures) Feelings (one s own)6th sense

Supportive Communication (p.97) Interpersonal communication that: Addresses the problem at hand and Preserves the relationship
Goal is to prevent defensiveness and invalidation

Descriptive Communication
1. Describe objectively the event or behavior - Avoid accusations; present data 2. Describe your reaction/feelings and the objective consequences 3. Suggest a solution and ask for alternatives

Feedback Pairs
A B C D E B C D E A
1. Write the name of the person you are giving feedback to on Page 1 of the Feedback Workbook Complete Page 1 of the feedback workbook before class on 6A Complete online Peer Evaluations by 10am on Monday of Week 6 Bring workbook to class on 6A

2.

3.

4.

We Google You
Read Case in Packet: We Googled You You are a new hire being asked by boss to analyze the question of using online searches and social media in hiring and argue FOR or AGAINST such searches. Address issues of: Optimal hiring Privacy fairness/discrimination If FOR, you need to define the parameters of such searches and the rationale of those parameters Identify the risks of your recommendation and how to mitigate those You are not writing or approving a new policy only making a recommendation to your boss who will make the final decision and write the final policy

Writing the First Draft

1st Draft of proposal due by 6B bring a hard copy to class and post a digital version on your collaboration site for me to see. Include: Executive Summary Introduction Situation Analysis (what is the problem? What are the causes/effects? What are the features/factors/contexts of the problem? Who are the stakeholders and what are their interests? Where does all of this lead you in terms of a solution your analysis of the problem should naturally and logically lead to the solution). CITE SOURCES Objectives What are you trying to achieve (desired outcomes)? Solution Give an overview and then provide the details Technical Plan Costs and Implementation Plan (SKIP THIS SECTION ON FIRST DRAFT) Conclusion Appendices (if necessary) includes information (graphs, charts, survey data, interviews, etc.) that do not belong in the normal flow of the main document. Label them Appendix A, B, C, etc and start each one on a separate page.

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To Do
1st Draft of proposal due by 6B bring a hard copy to class and post a digital version on your collaboration site for me to see. Complete Peer Evaluation by 10am on Monday Complete Step 1 (1st Page) of Midterm Peer Feedback Worksheets by 6A bring entire workbook to class