Ahmad Rabbani Asad Ilyas Qasir Zeshan

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They are interpreted or bytecode-interpreted and never compiled to native code The memory handling is done by a garbage collector and not by a programmer They include high-level data types, such as lists, associative arrays and so on. The execution environment can be integrated with the program being written. The scripting programs (or simple, scripts) can access modules written in lower-level languages, such as C.

They can be Categorized as

Command scripting languages Application scripting languages Markup languages Universal scripting languages

` Oldest ` They

class of scripting languages

appeared in 1960s

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the need of program and task control arised

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They are introduced in early 1980s The era of the personal computer when application such as spreadsheets and database clients were introduced. One of the prime examples of these languages is Microsoft-created Visual Basic language, and especially its subset named Visual Basic for Applications, designed explicitly for o ce applications programming.

` Markup

languages are a special case in the sense that they are not a real programming languages, but rather a set of special command words called tags used to mark up parts of text documents

` The

languages that belong to this class are perhaps the most wellknown. The very term scripting languages is associated with them. Most of these languages were originally created for the Unix environment. The goals however were di erent.

JCL (Job Control Language)

Starting from 1960s Used for Scheduling jobs OS/360

Unix shells (sh, csh, ksh, ...)

Starting from 1970s Series of such languages followed it e.g csh and ksh for next 20 years They are used to write interactive commands and automate common tasks

 Rexx
Michael Cowlishaw initially conceived the Rexx language in 1979. To simplify programming tasks on IBM's CMS timesharing system. It became popular as a macro language for arbitrary application programs its usage spread to many other platforms, including PCs and Unix.

Perl
Created by Larry Wall in the late 1980s. Created for Unix text processing applications such as sh, sed, and awk. Later due to emergence of the web it achieved greater level of success

TCL
John Ousterhou in the late 1980s. Supplemented witk tk tool used to develop UI on PCs windows and Mac.

Visual Basics
This Microsoft product lies somewhere between System development languages and scripting languages, introduced in mid of 1990s Largely used to develop UI for windows based applications . The combination of Visual Basics and VBX(ActiveX Control) probably is the most successful framework in existence.

Python
It is object oriented language introduces in 1990s Originally designed as advanced scripted language for rapid application development for web, databases and GUI.

JavaScript
Created in the mid 1990s by Netscape Corporation to perform scripting functions in Web browsers. Such as simple form validation. JavaScript has become the de facto standard for client-side Web scripting.

Other scripting Languages

After wards many other scripting languages for specific and rapid development of web application such PHP and etc.

QUESTIONS ??

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http://www.sensi.org/~ak/impit/studies/report.pdf http://www2.hawaii.edu/~nreed/ics313/lectures/scr iptHistory.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programmi ng