LET’S TALK:
CANCER PREVENTION &
SCREENING
PREVENTION AND SCREENING
CENTRAL REGIONAL CANCER PROGRAM
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LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OVERVIEW
Definitions
Colorectal Health
Breast Health
Cervical Health
Reducing Your Risk
REGIONAL CANCER PROGRAMS
• Partnership with Cancer Care
Ontario; 14 RCPs across Ontario
• Network of stakeholders,
healthcare professionals,
organizations
• The Central RCP oversee the
delivery of cancer services for
residents of North York, York
Region and South Simcoe
• Ensure provincial
standards/targets are met
POLL QUESTIONS
Q: Do you know
about cancer
screening?
Q: Where did you
hear about
cancer screening?
8
WHAT IS CANCER SCREENING?
A clinical test or examination (e.g., medical
imaging, blood tests, other tests)
Finds cancer early, when it is still very small
and easier to treat
The goal is to find the sickness early, before
any symptoms
Not perfect, but the positives >>>> negatives
CANADIAN CANCER STATISTICS 2019 -
GENERAL
PROVINCIAL SCREENING PROGRAMS IN
ONTARIO
COLON CANCER
CANADIAN CANCER STATISTICS -
GENERAL
Colorectal cancer is the
second most
commonly diagnosed
cancer. Colorectal cancer is
also the second most common
cause of cancer death in
Ontario.
Ontario has one of the
highest rates of
colorectal cancer in
the world.
Almost 7 out of 10 people
GOOD NEWS!
NATURAL HISTORY OF COLON CANCER
• Normal cells in the inner
wall of the colon or rectum
can start to grow
abnormally.
• Almost all colorectal
cancers begin with the
growth of polyps
• Polyps are usually benign
but can become malignant.
Source:
clinicfordigestivesurgery.com
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
ACTIVITY
Go to this website:
https://
www.mycanceriq
.ca/Cancers/
Colorectal
or
scan the QR code with
your cellphone:
Share One factor that
is keeping your risk
low
TWO WAYS TO SCREEN FOR COLON
CANCER
Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
FIT test
Colonoscopy
FIT
• FIT is an at home stool test that you get by going to your primary
care provider
FIT
COLONOSCOPY
Suggested
for High
risk
individuals
and those
who test
positive in
FIT
COLONCANCERCHECK ELIGIBILITY
CRITERIA
Adults 50-74 years • FIT every 2 years
of age at average
risk • Colonoscopy for
positive tests
• Colonoscopy at age
50, or 10 years
Adults at increased earlier than relative’s
risk (first degree diagnosis, which ever
relative with comes first
colorectal cancer)
BREAST CANCER
ACTIVITY
Go to this website:
https://www.mycanceriq
.ca/Cancers/Breast
or
scan the QR code with your
cellphone:
Share One factor that is
keeping your risk low
IMPORTANCE
Breast cancer is the most common Cancer in people
with breast tissue
8 out of 10 breast cancers are found in people with
breast tissue 50 and over
1 in 7.8 has a chance of developing breast
Cancer in her lifetime
Approximately 1% of cases are found in people
without breast tissue (someone born male)
BE BREAST AWARE
If you notice any changes, tell your healthcare provider
STAGES OF BREAST CANCER
BREAST CANCER SCREENING:
MAMMOGRAPHY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYTg3gcbuBo
RISK FACTORS
BREAST CANCER SCREENING ELIGIBILITY
If you are: You should:
Everyone Be breast aware
30 – 69 years and think you may Talk to your doctor about your
be at high risk options
50 – 74 years Have a mammogram every 2
years
Trans female with 5+ years on Have a mammogram every 2
cross-sex hormone & 50-74 years
BOOKING A MAMMOGRAM
50 or over at
average risk:
No doctor referral
required
You or your healthcare
provider can call the Ontario
Breast Screening
Program to book your
mammogram
1-800-668-9304
ONTARIO BREAST SCREENING PROGRAM -
ELIGIBILITY
Ontario residents at average risk for breast
cancer, 50 to 74* years of age, who have:
no acute breast symptoms
no personal history of breast cancer
no current breast implants
not had a mastectomy
not had a mammogram within the last 11 months
OBSP AND HIGH-RISK WOMEN
Women 30 to 69 years at high risk:
Known carriers of BRCA1/2 gene
Are a 1st degree relative of a mutation carrier
Received chest radiation before age 30 and at least 8-
years previously
You will need a referral from your doctor, based on
your family or medical history.
CERVICAL CANCER
WHAT HAPPENS IN
CERVICAL CANCER
The normal lining
of the cervix
transforms into
cancerous cells
42
CERVICAL CANCER SIGNS &
SYMPTOMS
• Unusual vaginal discharge:
• Unusual vaginal bleeding: • Unusual amount
• Between periods • Foul-smelling
• After sex
• After menopause • Pain:
• Unusually long or heavy • During sex
periods • Pelvic pain area
• Lower back pain
• Pain may go down one or
both legs
SIGN & SYMPTOMS CONT’D…
• Leg swelling, often in only one leg
• Difficulty peeing or pooping
• Not feeling hungry
• Unexplained weight loss
• Feeling more tired than normal
IMPORTANCE
Most cervical cancers occur in people with
a cervix aged 30-59 years
Almost all cervical cancers can be
prevented by screening and HPV
vaccination.
WHAT IS A PAP TEST?
Position Speculum Swab
• Early detection saves lives!
• Abnormal test is not equal
to cancer
CERVICAL SCREENING GUIDELINES
Start at age 25 for individuals with a cervix who
are or have ever been sexually active
Repeat every 3 years
End at 70 if they have had 3 or more normal tests
in the previous 10 years
WHAT CAUSES CERVICAL CANCER
• The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the
• The most common sexually transmitted infection in the
world today.
• HPV is highly contagious
• Spreads by skin-to-skin contact in the genital area
• genital, anal or oral sex.
• Anyone can be infected with HPV.
• No Symptoms!
• HPV has been linked to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina,
penis, anus, and mouth and throat.
Information Provided By:
http://hpvinfo.ca/what-is-hpv/
WHAT CAUSES CERVICAL CANCER?
Persistent (long lasting) infections of cancer-
causing types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
CAN YOU PREVENT HPV?
Total prevention is not easy, but here are some ways to reduce your
risk of contracting HPV:
• Limit your number of partners
• Use a condom
• Quit smoking
• HPV vaccination – Vaccination is up to 90% effective at
preventing the HPV types responsible for most genital warts and
HPV-related cancers. The latest 9-valent vaccine protects against
the nine HPV types that are known to cause approximately 90% of
cervical cancers, 80% of cervical pre-cancers, 75% of HPV-related
vulvar, vaginal and anal cancers and pre-cancers, and over 90%
of genital warts.
Information Provided By:
http://hpvinfo.ca/what-is-hpv/
HPV VACCINE
The HPV vaccination is safe and protects
you from the most common types of HPV
Best protection if the vaccine is given before
sexual activity begins
Approved for everyone
Given in three doses
National Advisory Council on Immunization
states that anyone who will have a new
sexual partner should be vaccinated
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Be Physically Active
Enjoy a variety of physical activities
To improve your health, do at least 30
minutes of moderate to vigorous physical
activity per day (e.g., walking)
This can be done in periods of 10
minutes
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Healthy Eating
Follow Canada’s Food Guide recommendations for your gender and
age
Increase servings of non-starchy vegetables (e.g., lettuce,
cucumber) and fruit everyday
Limit red meat and stay away from processed meats
Add more fibre to every meal
Limit sodium (salt)
Avoid sugary drinks and sweets
Get adequate vitamins and minerals
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Avoid or Limit Alcohol Use
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Be Tobacco Free
Studies have shown that smoking and tobacco use can cause
colorectal cancer
Do not start smoking. If you currently smoke, get help to quit
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
VAPING
• The best way to protect your health from the harms of vaping is
not to vape, which includes not using e-cigarettes.
• Vaping can cause serious lung damage, trouble breathing, or a
cough that lasts a long time or does not go away.
• If you vape or used to vape, talk to your doctor or nurse
practitioner if you have chest pain, trouble breathing or a cough.
Go to the emergency room if your symptoms are serious and you
cannot wait to talk to your doctor.
• Young people who vape may be more likely to try smoking
cigarettes.
• Vaping devices with nicotine are addictive, which means it can
be hard to quit vaping.
• There is not enough information on the long-term harms of
vaping to know all related health effects.
CANNABIS
• Cannabis is not usually recommended for treating health
problems. Cannabis does not treat cancer or lower the risk of
getting cancer.
• There are two prescription drugs in Canada that are made up of
chemicals found in cannabis called cannabinoids. In some cases,
they may help with certain cancer symptoms or cancer treatment
side effects when other recommended treatment options do not
help.
• When smoked or vaped, cannabis may cause problems with your
breathing and lungs. Cannabis can also cause heart and mental
health problems.
• More research is needed to find out whether cannabis or cannabis
smoke can cause cancer.
• The best way to protect your health from the harms of cannabis is
not to use cannabis.
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Practice Sun Safety
Avoid tanning beds/sunlamps
Stay out of the sun when it is the strongest (UV >3;
between 11am – 3pm)
Seek shade
Cover up with a wide-brimmed hat, long sleeves,
and pants
Wear UV protecting sunglasses
Wear sunscreen with SPF of 30+
CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Be Body Aware
Know your body well enough to spot:
• A new lump, swelling
• Unexplained pain
• Changes in bowel/bladder habit
• Unexplained weight loss, fever, fatigue
• Any other change to your body and how it usually feels
Get regular checkups
Get screened for cancer!
MYCANCER IQ
www.mycanceriq.ca
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!
For questions/inquiries:
Prevention & Screening
Central Regional Cancer Program
E. ICSRegional@southlakeregional.org
