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Transition State
Transition State
Kinetic energy p
Path of reaction p
The Ea is a critical point. To examine it more closely we can use a potential energy graph The axes are not the same, thus the Ep graph is not a blow up of the Ek graph; however it does correspond to the part of the Ek graph that is circled
Ea (H
Products
Collision begins Collision ends A2 & B2 molecules molecules 2AB rush slow down speed up molecules together Ep o, Ek q Ep q, Ek o float apart
Ea forward
Ea reverse
( H is positive
Forward and reverse reactions are possible Ea is the difference between Ep at transition state and initial or final Ep The graph depicts an exothermic reaction. Endothermic reactions are also possible (H is the difference between initial and final Ep. It is -ve for exothermic,+ve for endothermic
Recall, catalysts speed a reaction This can be explained by the Ek or Ep graphs In both, the catalyst works by lowering the Ea:
Fraction of molecules Kinetic energy p potential energy Path of reaction
Catalysts
Catalysts speed forward and reverse reactions However, most reactions favour the side that has the lowest potential energy (most stable) Catalysts are heterogenous or homogenous They provide a substrate (p. 768) for a reaction or they can bond temporarily to a molecule, increasing the odds of a favourable meeting
Answers
1. The production of CO2 (bubbling) is a physical sign that the reaction is occurring 2. The reactants are colourless 3. CoCl2 was the catalyst in the lab (pink, homogenous) 4. There was no reaction because the Ea was not reached (Illustrate with a Ek diagram). 5. The reaction still slow after heat is added because very few molecules exceed Ea.
Fraction of molecules Kinetic energy p
Answers
6. The catalyst was the same colour at the end of the experiment (catalysts dont change). 7. The activated complex was green 8. Illustrate the affect the catalyst had on the reaction (using both Ek and Ep diagrams)
Fraction of molecules Kinetic energy p potential energy Path of reaction