IP Addressing/Subnetting Simplified

Brian Sterck May 6, 2005

Class A Subnetting Options

Class B Subnetting Options

Class C Subnetting Options

Brain Benders

More Tools

Practical Example

VLSM 192.1

Do we have enough addresses?

How many addresses have been allocated? How many are needed?

Address Allocation
Total Address Needed: LANs = 14+10+19+23+6+17+14 = 103 WANs = 4+4+4+4+4+4 = 24 Total = 103 + 24 = 127

Understanding IP Requirements
Subnetworks on the LAN/WAN need to be issued using perfect powers of 2 22 = 4 23 = 8 24 = 16 25 = 32 26 = 64 27 = 128

Scaling Subnets
With a requirement of 23 nodes The next perfect power of 2 that meets this need = 32 25 = 32 5 host bits needed Last Octet is then represented as:
A.B.C.NNNHHHHH N=Network H=Host 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Subnetting Examples
SubnetMask SubnetMask
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 /24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30

# Hosts
256 (254) 128 (126) 64 (62) 32 (30) 16 (14) 8 (6) 4 (2)

Practical Example

VLSM E 192.168

Address Allocation
Total Addresses Needed: LANs = 16+16+32+32+8+32+16 = 152
= /28 + /28 + /27 + /27 + /29 + /27 + /28 = 152

WANs = 4+4+4+4+4+4 = 24
= /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 = 24

Total = 103 + 52 = 157

Reference Points
Use numbers, symbols, letters to represent each LAN / WAN link Use some consistent method for assignment
Size of Subnetwork Location Zone or Distribution Point

Assign Reference Points

Subnetting Options

Subnetting Options (cont.)

VLSM and Routing Protocols

Does your routing protocol support varying the length of the subnet mask from one interface to another? Can you re-subnet a subnet differently from one interface to another and still advertise that subnetwork via RIPv1, RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP, ISIS, BGP?

Routing Protocols
Supporting VLSM
RIP version 2 EIGRP OSPF ISIS

Not Supporting VLSM

IGRP RIP version 1

Which Routing Protocols will advertise all Networks correctly?

Non-VLSM capable Routing Protocols will work just fine!

Problem!
The 192.168.20.0 /24 network gives us:
1 Network 254 Nodes Available for Assignment

13 Subnetworks Required Network Demands range from 4 32 nodes per LAN / WAN segment

Start Subnetting

Subnetting

Subnetting

Box Diagram Alternate

.0

Address Range

.0

Future Expansion Danger

Note the three locations with the and

If we need to add a network printer or visitor with laptop, the IP addressing scheme will have to be modified. This results in downtime and careful migration planning There must be a better way!