Ethernet 802.

3 Physical Layer
Topology: Order in which stations receive bits Ethernet hubs use a bus topology
Signal is broadcast All stations receive almost simultaneously

Ethernet 802.3 Physical Layer

Topology: Order in which stations receive bits Early Ethernet standards arranged stations in a daisy chain
Stations broadcast on the chain in both directions All stations receive almost simultaneously Original idea of bus

Ethernet 802.3 Physical Layer

Topology: Order in which stations receive bits Ethernet switches use a switched topology
Signal only goes to one station

Ethernet 802.3 Physical Layer

Ethernet began as a bus network Some question whether Ethernet switching is really Ethernet However, hubs will be disappearing in the next few years, and almost all Ethernet will be switched

Ethernet 802.3 Physical Layer

Recent Ethernet 802.3 Standards use Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Wiring or Optical Fiber For Small LANs with a Single Hub or Switch, use UTP Exclusively

Physical Layer 802.3 UTP Standards

Ethernet 802.3 10Base-T
Physical layer standard Created by the 802.3 Working Group 10 Mbps Baseband transmission
Insert signal directly into wire No channels

802.3 10 Mbps

T means uses UTP twisted-pair wire

Physical Layer 802.3 UTP Standards

Ethernet 802.3 100Base-TX
100 Mbps 100Base-TX: Not just 100Base-T because other 100Mbps UTP standards were created but were not used significantly

Ethernet 802.3 1000Base-T

Gigabit Ethernet Overkill for small LANs

Physical Layer 802.3 UTP Standards

Wiring
Unshielded Twisted Pair Bundle of 4 pairs (only uses 2 pairs)
One pair to send One pair to receive

Terminates in RJ-45 connector

Slightly larger than RJ-11 home phone connector

Physical Layer 802.3 UTP Standards

Categories of UTP Wiring
Wiring Quality, Category 3 being lowest

For 10Base-T
Categories 3, 4, or 5 are OK However, most installed wiring is Cat 5

For 100Base-TX, Cat 5 is required For Gigabit Ethernet, Enhanced Category 5 is recommended, although Cat 5 should work if perfectly installed

Physical Layer: 802.3 UTP Standards

Wiring
100 meters maximum UTP distance hub-tostation or hub-switch 200 meters maximum distance between stations 200 m 100 m 100 m

Physical Layer 802.3 Standards

NIC-Hub Communication
NIC transmits on one pair (Pins 1&2) Hub or switch transmits on another pair (Pins 3 & 6) Other 4 wires are not used To Hub or Switch (Pins 1&2) From Hub or Switch (Pins 3&6)

Physical Layer 802.3 Standards

Upgrading from 10Base-T to 100Base-TX
Need new hub or switch
May have autosensing 10/100 ports that handle either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps NICs

Need new NICs

Only for stations that need more speed

No need to rewire
This would be expensive