SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT BY

HENRY LAURENCE GANTT

HENRY LAURENCE GANTT

HISTORY OF HENRY LAURENCE GANTT (1861 1919)

Henry Laurence Gantt worked as a management consultant as well as a background in mechanical engineer by trade . Henry Gantt is known for creating his self-named easilyviewed scheduling and monitoring diagram. A commonly accepted project management instrument these days, it was an innovation of world-wide significance in 1920, founded on Mr. Gantts work while ship building during WWI. Changing history forever, Gantt charts have subsequently been used to schedule and monitor large construction projects like the Hoover Dam started in 1931 and the Eisenhower highway network launched in 1956.

BIOGRAPHY
Henry Laurence Gantt was born in Calvert County, Maryland, USA. He graduated from McDonogh School in 1878 and Johns Hopkins College. After working as a teacher and draftsman, he pursued mechanical engineering. In 1887, he joined Frederick W. Taylor in the leveraging the theory of scientific management of Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel, where they worked together until 1893. Later in his career as a management consultant, in addition to the Gantt charts, he futher made scientific management history by devising the task and bonus system

CONT
The theory behind the task and bonus method of wage payment (1901) was that it would create greater worker efficiency and productivity by rewarding the tasks monitored via Gantt charts. Another contributor to the classical theories of management is Henry Gantt, who is known for the invention of the Gantt Chart. The Gantt Chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the progression of time.

GANTT CHART
During the era of scientific management, Henry Gantt developed a tool for displaying the progression of a project in the form of a specialized chart. An early application was the tracking of the progress of ship building projects. Today, Gantt's scheduling tool takes the form of a horizontal bar graph and is known as a Gantt chart, a basic sample of which is shown :

CONT.
The horizontal axis of the Gantt chart is a time scale, expressed either in absolute time or in relative time referenced to the beginning of the project. The time resolution depends on the project - the time unit typically is in weeks or months. Rows of bars in the chart show the beginning and ending dates of the individual tasks in the project.

GANTT CHART ENHANCEMENT

 A vertical marker can used to mark the present point in time.  The progression of each activity may be shown by shading the bar as progress is made, allowing the status of each activity to be known with just a glance.  Resource allocation can be specified for each task .  Milestones can be shown.

ROLE ON PROJECT PLANNING

For larger projects, a work breakdown structure would be developed to identify the tasks before constructing a Gantt chart. For smaller projects, the Gantt chart itself may used to identify the tasks. The strength of the Gantt chart is its ability to display the status of each activity at a glance. Even when network models are used, the Gantt chart often is used as a reporting tool.

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