Introduction to .

NET Framework

Shabana Begum

.NET Framework

What Is .NET
.Net is a new framework for developing web-based and windows-based applications within the Microsoft environment. The framework offers a fundamental shift in Microsoft strategy: it moves application development from client-centric to servercentric.

 The .NET Framework is a key Microsoft offering, and is intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform.  It is a foundation to build and run .NET-based applications.  The unified nature of the .NET Framework means that all applications, whether they are Console application, Windows applications, Web applications, or XML Web services, are developed by using a common set of tools and code, and are easily integrated with one another.

.NET What Is It?

.NET Application

.NET Framework

Operating System + Hardware

Tools for .NET Development

The .NET Framework

.NET Framework Services Common Language Runtime Windows Forms ASP.NET
Web Forms Web Services

ADO.NET, evolution of ADO Visual Studio.NET

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

 The common language runtime simplifies application development,  provides a robust and secure execution environment, supports multiple languages, and simplifies application deployment and management.  The common language runtime environment is also referred to as a managed environment, in which common services, such as garbage collection and security, are automatically provided.

CLR contd..

Common Language Runtime

Development
Mixed language applications
Common Language Specification (CLS) Common Type System (CTS) Standard class framework Automatic memory management

Consistent error handling and safer execution Potentially multi-platform

Deployment
Removal of registration dependency Safety fewer versioning problems

Common Language Runtime

Multiple Language Support CTS is a rich type system built into the CLR
Implements various types (int, double, etc) And operations on those types

CLS is a set of specifications that language and library designers need to follow
This will ensure interoperability between languages

Common Type System

The Common Type System provides a specification for how types are Defined Managed Used This is important for cross-language integration! The CTS provides rules that languages must obey, to ensure that types created in different languages can interoperate with one another.

Common Language Specification

The Common Language Specification is a set of rules and constraints that compiler and library writers need to follow to be sure that the languages and code they produce will interoperate with other .NET languages. The Common Language Specification is a subset of the Common Type System.

CTS CLS If language complies to CLS it can interoperate with other .NET languages

Compilation in .NET
Code in VB.NET Code in C# Code in another .NET Language

VB.NET compiler

C# compiler

Appropriate Compiler

IL(Intermediate Language) code

CLR just-in-time execution

Intermediate Language (IL)

.NET languages are not compiled to machine code. They are compiled to an Intermediate Language (IL). CLR accepts the IL code and recompiles it to machine code. The recompilation is just-in-time (JIT) meaning it is done as soon as a function or subroutine is called. The JIT code stays in memory for subsequent calls. In cases where there is not enough memory it is discarded thus making JIT process interpretive.

CLR and MSIL Analogy

Japanese Chinese

Intermediate Language

Intermediate Language

Interpreter English

NAMESPACE
 Namespace is a way to keep one set of names separate from another.  It organizes code and gives a way to create globallyunique types.  In C#, namespaces are used to logically arrange classes, structs, interfaces, enums and delegates.  The namespaces in C# can be nested. That means one namespace can contain other namespaces also.  User can define their own namespaces.  A Namespace in Microsoft .Net is like containers of objects. They may contain unions, classes, structures, interfaces, enumerators and delegates

 Goal of using namespace in .Net is for creating a hierarchical organization of program.  In Microsoft .Net, every program is created with a default namespace named as global namespace.  Program itself can declare any number of namespaces, each of them with a unique name.  The advantage is that every namespace can contain any number of classes, functions, variables and also namespaces etc., whose names are unique only inside the namespace. The members with the same name can be created in some other namespace without any compiler complaints from Microsoft .Net.

Namespaces

(contd) contd)

 Used to avoid naming conflicts  A default namespace is created even if one is not created.  Reduces complexity when code is to be re-used for some other application  Declaring a Namespace  Syntax Namespace Namespace name { //all classes for namespaces go here }

Class Library
 The .NET Framework class library exposes features of the runtime and simplifies the development of .NET-based applications. In addition, developers can extend classes by creating their own libraries of classes.  The .NET Framework class library implements the .NET Framework.  All applications (Web, Windows, and XML Web services) access the same.NET Framework class libraries, which are held in namespaces. All .NETbased languages also access the same libraries.

NET Framework Class Library.

Introduction: What is Assembly

 An Assembly is a logical unit of code ,physically exist as DLLs or EXEs  The entire .NET code on compilation gets converted into an Intermediate Language (IL) code and gets stored as an assembly.  An assembly is a self-describing unit of reuse, versioning, security and deployment.  One assembly can contain one or more files  When compiling the source code by default the exe/dll generated is actually an assembly  Unless the code is bundled as assembly it can not be used in any other application  Version of a component actually means version of the assembly to which the component belongs.

Cont.
An assembly is a means of reusing code

Assembly Structure

contd.
 Assembly Metadata- .NET metadata can be thought of simply as a collection of information existing in binary form inside a Portable Executable (PE) file or a .NET assembly  Type Metadata-Type Metadata describes the data present in the assembly and its type. This metadata contains a declaration for every type and member(methods, fields, properties, and events).

contd.
 MSIL Code -.NET compilers compile the source code into an Intermediate Language called MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language  Resources-While developing applications, more than often one will make use of JPEG, text, XML and other types of files in an application. These miscellaneous picture and sound files are termed as resources

Types Of Assembly
 There are two types of assembly a).Private assembly b).Public assembly.  A private assembly deployed with application, and stored in the application's directory. It is used by only one application .  A shared assembly is stored in the global assembly cache (GAC), maintained by the .NET runtime. It is shared among different application .  One more type of assemblies called satellite assemblies are used for localization.(partition the resources based on a specific culture).