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Understanding Electric Current and Resistance

Electric current is the flow of charge measured in amperes, with voltage representing the potential energy difference. Resistance opposes current flow and is influenced by factors such as length, cross-section, material, and temperature, while Ohm's Law relates current, voltage, and resistance. Kirchhoff's Laws describe current conservation at junctions and energy conservation in closed loops.

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Harsh Satpute
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10 views29 pages

Understanding Electric Current and Resistance

Electric current is the flow of charge measured in amperes, with voltage representing the potential energy difference. Resistance opposes current flow and is influenced by factors such as length, cross-section, material, and temperature, while Ohm's Law relates current, voltage, and resistance. Kirchhoff's Laws describe current conservation at junctions and energy conservation in closed loops.

Uploaded by

Harsh Satpute
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Electric current

Itis the rate of the flow of charge Q through a


cross section in a unit of time.
One ampere A is charge flowing at the rate of
one coulomb per second.
Voltage is the difference in electrical potential
energy of a unit of charge moved between two
locations in an electrical field.
Inductor (L): It is a two-terminal storage element
in which energy is stored in the magnetic field.
Conductance (G) is reciprocal of resistance.
Whereas resistance of a conductor measures the
opposition which it offers to the flow of current,
the conductance measures the inducement which
it
Resistance
It may be defined as the property of a substance
due to which it opposes (or restricts) the flow of
electricity (i.e., electrons) through it.
A conductor is said to have a resistance of one
ohm if it permits one ampere current to flow
through it when one volt is impressed across its
terminals.
The resistance R offered by a conductor depends
on the following factors :
(i) It varies directly as its length, l.
(ii) It varies inversely as the cross-section A of
the conductor.
(iii) It depends on the nature of the material.
(iv) It also depends on the temperature of the
conductor.
Neglecting the last factor for the time being,
we can say that R ∝ l/A
or R= .l/A
where ρ is a constant depending on the nature of
the material of the conductor and is known as its
specific resistance or resistivity.

Units of Resistivity
From Eq. (i), we have ρ = AR/l

•A resistor is a dissipative element. It converts


electrical energy into heat energy. It is
analogous to the viscous friction element of
mechanical system
OHM’S LAW
At constant temperature, the current flowing
through a conductor is directly proportional to
the potential difference(p.d) in volts across the
two ends of the given conductor and inversely
proportional to the resistance (R) in ohms (Ω)
between the ends of the same conductor
KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW : KCL
states that the total current entering a junction
is equal to the total current leaving the
junction.

KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW: KVL is


based on the law of the law of conservation of
the energy, states that the algebraic sum of
voltage drops in a closed loop is zero.
The algebraic sum of the products of currents
and resistances in each of the conductors in any
closed path (or mesh) in a network plus the
algebraic sum of the emfs in that path is zero.
Electricity is the flow of electrical power or
charge
•Inductor is a passive energy storage element
that stores energy in the form of magnetic field
•

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