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Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders marked by high intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, and visual field loss, potentially leading to blindness if untreated. It can be congenital or acquired, with various types including primary open-angle and acute angle-closure glaucoma, often caused by factors such as genetics, aging, and certain medical conditions. Management includes medical treatments like beta blockers and surgical options such as laser procedures to alleviate pressure and prevent further damage.

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21 views10 pages

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders marked by high intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, and visual field loss, potentially leading to blindness if untreated. It can be congenital or acquired, with various types including primary open-angle and acute angle-closure glaucoma, often caused by factors such as genetics, aging, and certain medical conditions. Management includes medical treatments like beta blockers and surgical options such as laser procedures to alleviate pressure and prevent further damage.

Uploaded by

avi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

 Glaucoma is a group of disorders

characterized by an abnormally high


intraocular pressure , optic nerve
dystrophy and peripheral visual field loss.
 Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent
damage of the optic nerve and resultant
visual field loss, which can leads to
blindness.
 Genetics: family history of glaucoma
 Aging
 Hypertension
 Severe myopia
 Eye trauma
 Ocular surgery
 Diabetes mellitus
 Migraine headache
 Black ethnicity
 Prolonged use of local or systematic use
of corticosteroids.
 Extreme dilation of pupil
 Emotional excitement
A) CONGENITAL
GLAUCOMA
B) ACQUIRED
GLAUCOMA
a)
b) Primary glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma

a) PRIMARY
GLAUCOMA:
Primary open angle
I.
glaucoma Acute angle
II.
closure glaucoma
1. CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA: A rare
disease, occurs when a congenital defect in
the angle of the anterior chamber obstructs
the flow of aqueous humor.
2. AQUIRED GLAUCOMA:

A. Primary glaucoma:
I. Primary open angle glaucoma: it results
from overproduction or obstruction of the
outflow of aqueous fluid causing increased
intra ocular pressure and damage to the
optic nerve.
ii) Acute angle closure glaucoma: it occurs
because
of the abnormality of the structures in the front of
the eye. This is result from obstruction to the
outflow of aqueous humor. Obstruction may be
caused by anatomically narrow angles between
the anterior iris and the posterior corneal
surface.

b) secondary gluacoma: it occurs as a result of


another disease or problem within the eye such
as: inflammation, trauma, intraocular
hemorrhage, previous surgery, diabetes, tumor
and certain drugs such as steroids.
 Mild aching in the eye
 Mild headache
 Increased IOP
 Loss of peripheral vision
 Cornea show slight haze
 Corneal edema
 Failure of detect color loss
 Optic disc is hyperemic
 Nausea and vomiting
 Photophobia
 Moderate pupillary dilation
 Vision may become blurred
 Angle of anterior chamber is completely
closed
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
 Beta adrenergic blockers
 Cholinergic (miotics)
 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
 Adrenergic agonists
 Prostaglandins analogs
 Osmotic agents
 Monitor for eye pain and visual change
 Administer antiemetics as directed to
prevent
vomiting, which will increase IOP.
 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:
 Argon laser trabeculoplasty
 Laser iridotomy
 Cyclocryotherapy
 Filtering procedures
 Trabeculotomy
 Sclerectomy
 Drainage implants and shunts
 After surgery elevate head of the bed 30 degree
to promote drainage of aqueous humor after
trabeculectomy.

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