Chng II Tng hp v phn tch mch logic tun t

2.1. Khi nim v mch logic tun t

2.1.1. nh ngha: Mch logic tun t l mch logic m tn hiu ra ca mch khng nhng ph thuc vo tn hiu u vo, m cn ph thuc vo th t, thi gian tc ng ca tn hiu vo 2.1.2. Tnh cht
C nh C yu t thi gian Cng 1 tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra c th khc nhau (cc trng thi trong hay trng thi lm vic)
t/h vo

Mch logic t hp
Mch nh

t/h ra

2.1.3. Phn loi

Mch logic tun t ng b: vic chuyn trng thi trong mch khng nhng ch ph thuc vo tn hiu u vo, trng thi trong trc , m cn ph thuc vo xung ng b
Dng ph bin trong my tnh (mn T s)

Mch logic tun t khng ng b: vic chuyn trng thi trong mch ch ph thuc vo tn hiu u vo, trng thi trong trc
Khng c tn hiu ng b Thng gp trong cng ngh ca cc my sn xut cng nghip
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2.2. Biu din mch logic tun t

2.2.1. Biu din bng li ni, ch vit m t mt qu trnh cng ngh V d 2.1 : 3 nt n iu khin ng c M
n nt A: ng c quay thun n nt B: ng c quay nghch n nt C: ng c dng

2.2.2. Biu din bng th thi gian V d 2.2

a1 a2 y a2 y
a1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 4 5 2 1

a2 Y Z

2.2.3. Biu din bng hnh v m t cng ngh V d 2.3

m a0 b0 b1

a1

2.2.4. Biu din bng hm tc ng F = +A (+X, +Y) B Y +C +Z C Z X +Y +D Y

Thng vit cho 1 chu k lm vic Cc ch ci u bng ch ci (A,B,C): tn hiu vo Cc ch ci cui bng ch ci (X,Y,Z): tn hiu ra Du cng +: tn hiu xut hin hoc phn t lm vic Du tr - : tn hiu mt i hoc phn t ngh vic Du ngoc (): xy ra hoc nh hng ng thi
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2.2.5. Biu din bng bng chuyn trng thi

Cc ct ghi cc bin vo v bin ra Cc hng ghi cc trng thi trong h

V d 2.4
Trng thi Tn hiu vo a1 a0 00 01 11 10 2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 Tn hiu ra A+ 1 1 0 0 A0 0 1 1

1 2

(sang phi) (trn ng sang phi)

3 (sang tri) 4 (trn ng sang tri)

2.3. Tng hp mch logic tun t

2.3.1. Phng php ma trn trng thi
Yu cu cng ngh M ha bi ton Lp bng chuyn trng thi Rt gn bng chuyn Rt gn bng chuyn Thc hin mch nh M ha bin trung gian Xc nh cc hm logic cho bin trung gian v bin ra Chuyn cc qu trnh cng ngh thnh cc bin logic

Ti thiu ha hm logic

 V d 2.5:

a0

A+ A-

a1

Xc nh cc bin vo ra: Graph chuyn trng thi:

00 00 0

a0a1 A+A10 10 1 00 10 2

(vo) (ra) 01 01 3 00 01 4

Lp bng chuyn trng thi MI

Trng thi Tn hiu vo:a0a1 a1 a0 00 01 11 10 2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 Tn hiu ra A+ 1 1 0 0 A0 0 1 1
10

(sang phi)

2 (trn ng sang phi) 3 (sang tri) 4 (trn ng sang tri)

Lp bng chuyn trng thi M II: rt gn M I B1: Nhp hng Khng quan tm n gi tr bin u ra. Trn cng 1 ct bin vo, cc hng c cng s k hiu trng thi. Trng thi n nh nhp vi khng n nh s ghi trng thi n nh. Trng thi (/khng) n nh nhp vi 1 trng s ghi trng thi (/khng) n nh B2: Nhp trng thi tng ng Hai trng thi tng ng: L cc trng thi n nh nm trn cng 1 ct v c cng gi tr u ra Khi cng thay i tn hiu u vo, cc trng thi chuyn ti trng thi k tip sau v cc trng thi k tip ny cng c cng gi tr u ra Nhp 2 trng thi tng ng: thay bng cng 1 k hiu c ch s nh (sau c th nhp hng nu cn) 11

Bng M I
Trng thi Tn hiu vo:a0a1 a1 a0 00 01 11 10 2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 Tn hiu ra A+ 1 1 0 0 A0 0 1 1

(sang phi)

2 (trn ng sang phi) 3 (sang tri) 4 (trn ng sang tri)

Bng M II
1 3

a1 10 3 01

a0 1 1
12

+ +

2 4

10

01

 Xc nh v m ha bin trung gian

S lng bin trung gian ti thiu Smin
(N: s hng ca M II)

S min

N = 2 Smin = 1 chn bin trung gian X:

X 1 2 3 4

Lp bng Cc n xc nh hm iu khin cho bin trung gian X: f ( X ) = a1 + a 0. X

a1 a0 2 X 0 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 X 0 1 1 1 a1 a0 0 0
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 Lp bng Cc n xc nh hm logic iu khin cc bin ra Cho bin A+:

a1 a0 2 X 10 01 01 1 3 10 X 1 0 0 a1 a0 1

A+ = X
Cho bin Aa1 a0 0 X 1 1 0

A = X
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 S nguyn l
a1
X

Nu thay X bng A-, chuyn g xy ra?

Trong

a0 X

A+

cc hng ca M II, cc trng thi n nh u c cng gi tr u ra, c th cho php dng bin ra lm bin trung gian

A-

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 V d 2.6: 2 nt n m v d, 1 thit b in T
n nt m: ng in cho T n nt d: ct in ca T

Chn cc bin vo ra: Graph chuyn trng thi

00 0 1 10 1 2 11 0 5

md T

(vo) (ra)

00 1 3

01 0 4

16

 Bng chuyn trng thi M I & M II

Bng M I
Trng thi 00 1 2 3 4 5 1 3 3 1 1 4 d 0 0 4 40 0 m 5 21 1 2
17

Tn hiu vo: md 01 4 4 4 4 11 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 10 2 2

Tn hiu ra T

0 1 1 0 0

Bng M II

4 2

+ +
3

5 0

 Xc nh v m ha bin trung gian:

Smin = 1, chn bin trung gian l bin ra X =T
X 1 4 5 d 0 0 4 40 d 0 0 0 0 2 3 m 5 21 1 2 m 1

5 0

f ( X ) = md + Xd = (m + X )d
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 S r le-tip im

m m T d

a1
A-

a0 A-

A-

A+
19

 BTVN: Cho 3 nt n A, B, C iu khin ng c M

A: chy thun B: chy ngc C: Dng

Cho 3 nt n A, B, C iu khin ng c M1, M2

m a0

A: M1 lm vic B: M2 lm vic C: M1, M2 ngh vic M1 lm vic trc ri M2 mi lm vic

b0 b1 m b0 b1 a0

a1

a1

20

 V d 2.7:
m a0 A+ a1

b0 BB+ A-

b1

Xc nh cc bin vo ra: Graph chuyn trng thi:

1010 1000 1 0010 1000 2 0110 0100 3 0010 0100 4

a0a1b0b1 A+A-B+B-

(vo) (ra)

1010 0010 5

1000 0010 6

1001 0001 7

1000 0001 8

0 0000 0000

21

 Nhn xt:
Ma trn MI ln C th rt gn s bin vo:
a = 0 t khi a0 = 1 n khi a1 = 1 a = 1 t khi a1=1 n khi a0 = 1 b = 0 t khi b0 = 1 n khi b1 = 1 b = 1 t khi b1=1 n khi b0 = 1

m a0 A+ a1

b0 BB+ A-

b1

(BTVN: thit lp hm ca a, b vi u vo ab a0, a1 vA+A-B+Bb0, b1) Bin vo ra: Graph chuyn trng thi 00 10 00 01
1000 1 0100 2 0010 3 0001 4
22

Bng M I
Trng thi Tn hiu vo:ab 00 01 b 11 a 10 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 1 3 4 4 2 Tn hiu ra A+ 1 0 0 0 A0 1 0 0 B+ 0 0 1 0 B0 0 0 1

Bng M II
1 2

b 1000 0001

a 2 0100 2
23

+ +

4 3

4 4

0010

 Xc nh v m ha bin trung gian:

Smin = 1, chn bin trung gian l bin ra X (khng th ly bin ra l bin trung gian)
X 1 4 b 0 0 2 a 21 1 2 b 0 0 a 1 3

40

f (X ) = a + bX
24

 Lp bng Cc n xc nh hm logic iu khin cc bin ra Cho bin A+:

b a 1000 1 X 0010 3 4 0001 0100 2 X 1 0 0 0 b a

A+ = b X
Cho bin Ab a 0 X 0 0 1

A = a
25

Cho bin B+: b a 1000 1 X 0010 3 4 0001 0100 2 X 0 1 0

b a

B+ = a X
Cho bin Bb a 0 X 0 1 0

B = b
26

m
RA
RA

a
X

b b a a b

X X

A+

A-

B+

B-

27

2.3.2. Phng php hm tc ng

M t hot ng ca cng ngh theo tun t thi gian di dng hm tn hiu Tm chu k hot ng ca cc phn t ca i tng iu khin: 2 giai on ng (lm vic) v ct (ngh vic) Xc nh dng tn hiu vo: t/h xung hay t/h th Xc nh hm logic iu khin cc phn t u ra: f k = f . f c

f k = f i . f ci = f i f ci
i =1 i =1 i =1 i =1

f: hm ng, a phn t vo lm vic (hot ng) fc: hm ct, buc phn t ngng lm vic (hot ng)

28

 Phng php hm tc ng (tip)

Kim tra hm ng f: nu f khng thay i gi tr trong giai on ng-> tha mn, nu thay i -> hiu chnh dng bin ph Kim tra hm ct fc: nu fc khng thay i gi tr trong giai on ct-> tha mn, nu thay i -> hiu chnh dng bin ph Phn tch qu trnh lm vic ca hm c thit k xem ng vi yu cu cng ngh hay cha, nu cha th hiu chnh bng cch dng bin trung gian.

29

 V d 2.8: Cho 3 nt n A, B, C v ng c M
A: iu khin quay thun B: iu khin quay ngc C: iu khin dng

Quy c: u vo A, B, C; u ra: T, N Hm tc ng:

T lm vic T ngh vic

F= (+A -N)+T+C-T(+B-T)+N+C-N(+A-N) +T+... N lm vic N ngh vic

30

 F= (+A -N)+T+C-T(+B-T)+N+C-N
f (T ) = an f c1 (T ) = c f c 2 (T ) = b

f k (T ) = f (T )( f c1 (T ) + f c 2 (T )) = an (c + b) = ab c n

F= (+A -N)+T+C-T(+B-T)+N+C-N
fc2 ( N ) = a f ( N ) = bt f c1 ( N ) = c

f k ( N ) = f ( N )( f c1 ( N ) + f c 2 ( N )) = bt (c + a ) = a bc t
31

 Kim tra hm ng: hm ng i tr trong qu trnh lm vic (A, B l cc nt n dng xung)-> hiu chnh
f ' (T ) = (a + t )n f k (T ) = (a + t )b c n f ' ( N ) = (b + n)t f k ( N ) = (b + n)a c t

Kim tra hm ct: khng i tr-> tha mn Kim tra nguyn l hot ng ca s

32

a T

b N

Lin ng c: nt n a, b Lin ng in: r le T, N

33

 V d 2.9:
A XV1 B C D XV2 XV2 X lm vic X ngh vic LV1 XV1 LV1

F=(+A-L)+X+V1(+B-V1)+V2+(C-X)(+L-V2) +V1+B(+A-L)+X+V1+B(+C-V1)+V2(+D-X)(+LV2)+V1+C+B+A

f k ( X ) = (al + al )(c + d ) = al c d
34

 Hiu chnh
Hm ng i tr trong qu trnh lm vic-> hiu chnh Hm iu khin khng thc hin on CD (t im C i xung D vi tc V2), c n C l chuyn ng ln-> hiu chnh dng bin trung gian P P lm vic k t lc C tc ng ln 1 v ngh vic n khi tc ng vo D (p ghi nh C tc ng )

f ' ( X ) = (a + x)l

f ( P ) = (c + p ) d
X ngh vic khi gp D hoc gp C vi iu khin C tc ng ln u tin (p=0)

f 'c = cp + d

f k ( X ) = (a + x)l (cp + d ) = (a + x)l (c + p )d

35

a X

c P

c P

36

Xc nh trng thi ban u

2.3.3 Phng php GRAFCET

Biu din cc qu trnh cng ngh di dng lu (graph) cc trng thi lm vic Xy dng cc hm logic iu khin v s iu khin t lu cc trng thi lm vic

trng thi ban u tc nhn kch thch 1

1 i-1

trng thi lm vic 1

trng thi lm vic i-1 tc nhn kch thch i-1

trng thi lm vic i tc nhn kch thch i

i+1

trng thi lm vic i+1 tc nhn kch thch i+1

37

 Hm logic ca tng trng thi

S i+ = ai Si 1 S = S i +1
i

i-1 ai i

ai: tc nhn kch thch th i Si: tn hiu ra ca trng thi th i i+1 Si+ : hm iu khin trng thi i lm vic Si- : hm iu khin trng thi i ngh vic Phn t modul trng thi: 1u ra, 2u vo S r le tip im Si: tn hiu ra Si+ : tn hiu ghi S i = ( Si+ + S i ).Si Si- : tn hiu xa

Si+ Si-

Si

38

 Trnh t thit k ca phng php GRAFCET

Lp G I Chn s b thit b Lp G II
Chn loi thit b v cc bin logic tng ng M t chi tit cc trng thi lm vic, ch thch y cc hnh vi lm vic ca cng ngh L GI nhng m t c thay th bng cc thit b va chn (m ha GI dng bin logic )

Xc nh hm iu khin Xc nh s iu khin
39

V d 2.10
Lp G I

a0

A+ A-

a1

Xc nh trng thi ban u

trng thi ban u n nt m hoc u hnh trnh

trng thi sang phi cui hnh trnh

trng thi sang tri u hnh trnh

40

 Lp G II
g

Xc nh hm iu khin

S0 m, a0

S1=A+ a1

S2=Aa0

S 0+ = g + a0 S 2 S 0 = S1 S1+ = (m + a0 ) S 0 S1 = S 2 + S 2 = a1S1 S 2 = S 0
41

S iu khin r le-tip im
g a0 S0 m a0 S1 a1 S2 S1 S0
S2

S2

S1

S0

S0

S2

S1

42

 Cc dng mch c bit

Mch phn k HOC

i ai+1 i+1 i+2 ai+2 i+3 ai+3

S = Si +1 + Si + 2 + Si +3 S S S
+ i +1 + i+2 + i +3

= ai +1Si = ai + 2 Si = ai +3 Si

43

 Mch hi t HOC

i+1 ai+1

i+2 ai+2 i+4

i+3 ai+3

S S

i +1 + i+4

=S

i+2

=S

i +3

= Si + 4
44

= ai +1Si +1 + ai + 2 Si + 2 + ai +3 Si +3

 Mch phn k V

i ai+1 i+1 i+2 ai+2 i+3 ai+3

S = S i +1.S i + 2 .Si +3 S
+ i +1

=S

+ i+2

=S

+ i +3

= ai +1.ai + 2 ai +3 .S i
45

 Mch hi t V

i+1 ai+1

i+2 ai+2

i+3 ai+3

i+4

S S

i +1 + i+4

=S

i+2

=S

i +3

= Si + 4
46

= ai +1.Si +1.ai + 2 .S i + 2 .ai +3 .Si +3

 V d 2.11 Xc nh trng thi ban u

0
trng thi ban u

m a0 A+

b0 BB+ AA+

b1

n nt m hoc u hnh trnh i xung v cui hnh trnh i ngang a1

A-

trng thi i xung cui hnh trnh i xung

trng thi i ln u hnh trnh i xung v u hnh trnh i ngang u hnh trnh i xung v cui hnh trnh i ngang

trng thi sang phi cui hnh trnh i ngang

trng thi sang tri u hnh trnh i ngang 47

m g

b0 BB+ A+ AA+

b1

S 0+ = g + b0 S 4
0
S0 m a0 b0

a0

S 0 = S1
a1

A-

S1=A+ a1

+ S1+ = (m + a0b0 ) S 0 + b1S3 S 2 = a1S1

S1 = S 2

S 2 = S3 + S 4

S2=Aa0 b0 a0 b1
+ S3+ = a0b0 S 2 S 4 = a0b1S 2

3
b1

S3=B+

S = S1

S = S0

4
b0

S4=B-

48

2.3.4. Phng php phn tng

Trng thi nc i: u vo ging nhau, u ra khc nhau Trng thi n: u vo khc nhau (khng l nc i) tng ca phng php phn tng: bin cc trng thi nc i thnh cc trng thi n dng bin trung gian
m a0 A+ a1 Atrng thi nc i
49

V d 2.12
b0

BB+

b1 1010 1000 1

a0a1b0b1 A+A-B+B0110 0100 2

(vo) (ra) 1010 0010 3 1001 0001 4

 2 trng thi nc i (1 v 3) cn1 bin trung gian X + 1 4

X X
B4
b0

A = b0 X A = X

B + = Xa0 B = X

A+
1
a1

X + = b1 X X = a1 X X = (X + + X )X

X
A
-

B
2
a0

b1

X+

X
50

 V d 2.13:
A XV1 B C D 0100 1001 2 0100 0110 4 XV2 XV2 0100 1010 6 0100 0110 10 LV1 XV1 LV1 ABCD XLV1V2 1000 1010 1 1000 1010 5 (vo) (ra) 0001 0110 8

P P
1 2 10 9

im B:

im C:

0010 0110 3

0010 1001 7

0001 0110 9

Q
Q

3 4 7 5 6

51

XV1
1
B

XV2
2
C

Q-

PQ
LV1
3
B

LV1
4
A

XV1
5
B

P-

PQ
XV1
6
C

XV2
7
D

LV1
8
C

Q+

PQ
LV1
9
B

LV1
10
A

P+

P
52

PQ

X = PQ + PQB + PQ A + P Q + P Q C = PQ + P Q L = PQ + PQ B + P Q D + P Q + P QB = PQ + P Q D + P Q V 1 = PQ + PQ + PQ B + PQ A + P Q + P Q D + P Q + P QB = PQ + PQ + P Q + P Q = 1 V 2 = PQB + P Q C Q+ = PQ C Q = PQC P + = P QA P = PQ B

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