HOW DO YOU FEEL TODAY?

VERB + NOUN

• I like watching TV
DO - MAKE
 HAVE - TAKE
• FOOD AND DRINK: • WASHING:
a meal, breakfast, dinner, lunch, a snack, a cup a shower, a bath, a wash
of tea/coffee, a glass of wine, a drink • RESTING:
• TALKING: a sleep, a vacation, a rest, a nap
• TRANSPORTATION:
a chat, a conversation, a discussion, a talk the car, the bus, a walk, a taxi, a plane, a
• DISAGREEING: train
an argument, a disagreement, a discussion, a • RESPONSES/ACTION:
fight action, charge, control, a decision,
• WASHING: responsability, a chance, a risk
• TIME:
a shower, a bath, a wash
ages, a few minutes, a week, 20 seconds
• RESTING:
A nap, a sleep, a rest, a break, a holiday
GET - GO
 MODAL VERBS
• Can
• May / Might
• Must
 CAN – CAN’T
We use the the modal verb CAN to express a current ability.

FOR EXAMPLE:
• I can sing incredible hight notes.
• Mimi can’t ride a bike, but she can roller skate.
• Max can’t afford a new car, he doesn’t have enough money.
 MAY (Formal)
Expresses a high possibility. Used to ask for permission.

FOR EXAMPLE: FOR EXAMPLE:

• Mia may know the answer; she is smart. • May Tim use your phone for a moment?
• May we bring our friends to the party?
• Our plan may work, if we work together.

MIGHT (Less formal)

Expresses a lower probability.

FOR EXAMPLE:
• It might rain later; the sky looks cloudy.
• Rey might not be into you, she is just being polite.
 MUST
“MUST” shows that we are 100% sure that We use this modal verb to express INTERNAL
something is true in a positive way. OBLIGATION.

FOR EXAMPLE: FOR EXAMPLE:

• I must take a shower, I feel sticky.
• They left 15 minutes ago, they must be • When you feel so terrible, you must go to
home now.
the doctor.
• If Kim said that, it must be true. She never
lies.

MUSTN’T
We use this modal verb to say something is forbidden.

FOR EXAMPLE:
• You mustn’t tell anyone. It’s a secret.
• You mustn't play with fire; it's dangerous.
Emotions Check-in

If you were a number today, what number

would you be?

If I were a number today, I would be…

 Present Continuous

 Actions in progress now:  Temporary habits or situations:

I am watching TV at the moment. I am reading a new book.
She is eating dinner. He is training hard these days.
It is raining. We are learning Italian.
They are playing tennis now. I am living in La Paz this month.

 Annoying Habits:
You're forever losing your keys!
He is always complaining.
She's constantly missing the train.
They are always smoking!
Affirmative Form
I am driving my car at the moment.
She is learning English.
He is eating a lot these days.
It is snowing now.
You are always complaining!
We are living in London for a few weeks.
They are talking about the new book.
Negative Form
I am not driving my car.
She isn't learning English.
He isn’t playing tennis.
It isn't raining.
You aren't sleeping enough.
We aren't living in London.
They aren’t paying attention.
Interrogative Form
Questions: Answers:
Is she learning English? Yes, she is – No, she isn’t.
Yes, he is – No, he isn't.
Is he playing tennis? Yes, it is – No, it isn’t.
Yes, I am – No, I'm not.
Is it raining?
Yes, we are – No we aren’t.
Are you sleeping enough?
Yes, they are – No they aren’t.
Are we living in London?

Are they paying attention?

 ACTIVITY

1. Ana are watching TV at the moment.

2. I am looking for my phone.
3. They isn’t sleeping now.
4. Are he dancing in the club?
5. Luke isn’t studying for the test.
6. They is going to a party.
7. Is they traveling to China now?
8. He is running with his dog.
9. We am working now.
10. It is eating lettuce.
11. Am I doing enough?
12. Are Marie and Ben getting married?
Simple Past

 Past finished actions:  Past Habits or repeated actions:

She went to the park yesterday. You swam every summer.

 Events woke up:

 Things that were true in the past: I had a shower
They played incredibly. I ate my breakfast
I went to work. in chronological
order:
Affirmative Form Negative Form
I walked I didn't walk
You walked You didn't walk
He/She/It walked He/She/It didn't walk
We walked We didn't walk
They walked They didn't walk
Interrogative Form Answers
Did I walk? Yes, I did – No I didn’t .
Did you walk? Yes, you did – No, you didn’t.
Did he/she/it walk? Yes, he/she/it did – No, he/she/it didn’t .
Did we walk? Yes, we did – No, we didn’t.
Did they walk? Yes, they did – No, they didn’t .
 WAS - WERE
(TO BE – Past Tense)

I We
Was Were
He
You
She
Wasn’t Weren't
It They

For example: For example:

I was excited. You were brilliant!
He wasn’t at school. They were so cute.
She was born in 1992. We weren’t late.
It wasn’t a beautiful night.
Question and short answer
I Yes, I was No, I wasn’t
He Yes, he was No, he wasn’t
Was famous?
She Yes, she was No, she wasn’t
it Yes, it was No, it wasn’t
Examples: Was I correct? - Was he late again? – Was she a good student? – Was it difficult?

You Yes, you were No, you

weren’t
We Yes, we were No, we
Were famous?
weren’t
Examples: Were you busy
Theyyesterday? – Were you and John ready? –Yes,
Werethey
they hungry?
were No, they
weren’t
Past Continuous
Affirmative Form
I was walking when I saw an eagle.
He was cooking dinner.
She was singing during the concert las night.
Your dog was playing with its toys.
It was raining heavily when they went for a walk.
They were playing soccer in the park at that time.
We were watching TV when the power went out.
You were playing.
Negative Form
I wasn’t working on the project yesterday.
He wasn’t cooking dinner when we arrived home.
She wasn’t studying for her exams.
It wasn’t raining heavily when they went for a walk.
They weren’t talking to each other after the argument.
The students weren’t listening to the teacher during the lesson.
We weren’t watching TV.
You weren’t playing.
 Interrogative Form
Questions: Answers:
Was he living in Paris at the time? Yes, he was – No, he wasn’t.
Was she studying for her exams? Yes, she was – No, she wasn’t.
Was it snowing when you arrived? Yes, it was – No, it wasn’t.
Were they playing soccer in the park? Yes, they were – No, they weren’t.
Were we eating? Yes, we were – No we weren’t.
Were you watching TV when the power went out? Yes, I was – No, I wasn’t.
 Have got vs Have
HAVE: HAVE GOT:
It is a normal verb, so it needs an “Got” is considered the normal verb
auxiliary (do) for negative and and “have” functions as an auxiliary.
interrogative forms.
For example:
For example: She has got a car.
She has a car. She hasn’t got a car.
She doesn’t has a car. Has she got a car?
Does she have a car?
Mark tiene un coche muy antiguo.
Mark has a car very old.
Mark has got a car very old.
Tengo una cita esta noche.
I have a date tonight.
I have got a date tonight,
Ella tiene novio?
Has she got a boyfriend?
Does she have a boyfriend?
Ella no tiene novie, tiene marido.
She hasn’t got a boyfriend, she has got a husband.
She doesn’t have a boyfriend, she has a husband.
Hace muchos años, tuve un pony muy agresivo. (We don't use have got in the past)
Many years ago, I had a pony very aggressive.
Mañana tendremos mas galletas. . (We don't use have got in the future)
Tomorrow I will have more cookies.
ACTIVITY

Someone is sleeping in my bed.

He saw something in the garden.
Keith is looking for somewhere to live.

They can choose anything from the menu.

You may invite anybody you want to your birthday party.
We can go anywhere you'd like this summer.
He would give anything to get into Oxford.
Fido would follow you anywhere.
Everyone is sleeping in my bed.
I gave everything to Sally.
I looked everywhere for my keys.

Nobody ever goes to see her. She’s very lonely.

No one remembers the titles of the books they’ve read.
You usually have to wait for a long time. Nothing happens quickly.
There was nowhere to park the car.
Review: PAST CONTINUOUS

What were they doing yesterday when the luxurious necklace was stolen?

Suspects: For example: When the necklace was stolen, Marie was washing her car
MARIE - TOBY and Toby was taking a nap.
Review: Indefinite pronouns
No hay nadie en la cocina, todos están afuera.
There is nobody in the kitchen, everybody is outside
Puedes comprar algo de la tienda.
You can buy something from the store
Tu marido viaja a cualquier lugar contigo.
Your husband travels anywhere with your
No tengo nada para tí.
I don’t have anything for you.
 FUTURE
WILL - GOING TO
WILL (affirmative sentence)

• He will probably be late for the meeting. ASSUMPTION

• I will call you when I get home. PROMISE

• I'm thirsty. I will get a glass of water. INSTANT DECISION

WON’T (negative sentence)

• I won’t talk to you again.

• Laura won’t be angry.
• You won’t enjoy it.
• Michael won’t be late.
• The dog won’t bark tonight.
• They won’t travel.
WILL (Questions and answers)

• Will Stella marry him?

• Will the show start on time? Yes, … will.
• Will it be fun?
• Will you be a pilot?
• Will he find the way? No, …. won’t.
• Will someone show up?
• Will they play tennis together?
Agree o Disagree?

1. "Robots will replace most jobs in the future.“

2. "People won't need to learn how to drive because cars will drive
themselves.“
3. "People will stop reading printed books in the next decade.“
4. "Marriage won't exist in the future; people will just live together.“
5. "In the future, people will stop using cash."
GOING TO

• Look at those dark clouds, it's going to rain later. PREDICTION BASED
ON PRESENT EVIDENCE
• I'm going to spend my vacation in London next spring. PLAN
• Next weekend I'm going to sleep until really late! INTENTION
GOING TO (affirmative sentence)

• I’m going to work in a hospital when I leave school.

• He/She is going to arrive late.

• It's going to be difficult to get a job during the pandemic.

• We are going to learn English.

• They're going to sell clothes.
• You are going to play as goalkeeper on Saturday.
NOT GOING TO (negative sentence)

• I'm not going to swim at the beach. I feel sick.

• Mrs. Lee is not going to cook rice tonight.

• We are not going to do exercise. We are tired.

• I think they're not going to travel to Miami tomorrow .
GOING TO (Questions and answers)

• Is she going to play volleyball after school? Yes, … is.

• Is Freddy going to buy a new car soon? No, … isn’t

• Are they going to come to the party?

• Are John and Pam going to visit Milan when they are in Italy?
Yes, … are
• Are you going to do your homework later?
No, … aren’t
• Yes, I am going to do my homework later.
GOING TO: WILL:
Yo voy a comprar un nuevo auto. Él llegará en una hora.

Ellos van a ir al parque el próximo Jueves. Creo que el Real Madrid ganará el partido.

Helen no va a ir al concierto conmigo. El informe no estará listo en un minuto.

¿Vamos a ver al doctor mañana? ¿Emma estará en la reunión?

Future Plans Interview

• Interviewer: "What are you going to do this summer?

• Interviewee: "I’m going to travel to Italy.
• Interviewer: "That sounds amazing! You will have a great time."
SHALL
Use SHALL to make offers, suggestions and to ask for advice.
• Shall I carry your bag? OFFER
• Shall I call again on Thursday? SUGGESTION
• What shall we do with this? ASKING FOR ADVICE

We use SHALL instead of will with “I” and “we” in rather formal
contexts to make predictions and to talk about intentions or decisions.
It is much less common than will.
• We shall remember this day forever. FORMAL
We will remember this day forever. LESS FORMAL
SHALL (Affirmative sentences)

• I shall post it to you tomorrow.

• We shall have to tell him what happened.
• I shall be able to join you at your meeting next week.

(Negative sentences)

• I shan’t be home tomorrow night.

• We shan’t know the result of the tests till Tuesday.
• The management shall not be responsible for damage to personal
property.
SHALL (Interrogative sentences)

• Shall I tell you what I believe?

• Shall I buy you one?
• Shall we ask for the bill?
• Shall we leave?
• Shall we call Clem?
• Shall we go there together?
• Shall we meet at 7.30 pm?
WH-QUESTION
1. Who is your favorite singer?
2. Where are you from?
3. When do you do your homework?
4. Why are you studying English?
5. Which is your favorite movie?
6. What is your favorite color? My favorite color is
7. What time do you go to sleep? At 8 pm
8. What kind of music do you like? I like
9. How many pets do you have?
10. How often do you go to restaurants?
11. How old are you?
WHAT ?
• What is your name? My name is...
• What is that? This is...
• What color is her dress? Her dress is...
• What is he doing? He is ...
• What are you looking for? I am looking for...
• What is your address? My address is...
• What is your profession?
• What is your house like?
• What is your phone number?
WHERE ?
• Where do you live?
• Where are you?
• Where is the exit?
• Where would you like to go in your free time?
• Where is that place?
• Where do you work?
• Where are from?
I am from ...
WHEN ?
• When is the next train?
• When was the last time you cried?
• When did you cut your hair?
• When do you travel?
• When are you coming back?
• When are you going out?
• When are you going to come to my house?
Memory game
WHE
N WHILE
At/After a specific point in time Duration of time

For example: For example:

• When the phone rang, I was • While I was cooking, the phone
cooking. rang.
• When I saw the accident, I • While I was driving, I saw an
was driving accident
• When I was a kid…
• When I was 16…
• When I was in university…
 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
For example:
The ball is behind the box
The ball is in front of the box
The ball is between the boxes.
The ball is between two boxes.
The ball is in the box
Confusing prepositions:
Where is…?
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
For example:
• I go to work at 8.30am
• My birthday is on September 8th
• My birthday is in April.
• I go the beach in summer.
WHY ?
• Why did the man fall down?
Because she pushed him.
• Why is she happy?
Because it’s her birthday
Why is she crying?
Because the movie is emotive.
Why do we have to work?
Because we need money.
Why don’t you eat?
Because I am not hungry.
•Why did you choose to study English?
•Why is your favorite hobby important to you?
•Why do you prefer living in your city?
•Why do you enjoy a particular type of music or artist?
•Why is it important for you to travel?
•Why do you think it’s essential to have a good work-life balance?
•Why do you like social media?
•Why do you think people should exercise regularly?
•Why did you decide to take this course?
 HOW ?
HOW + Adjective: HOW + Adverb:
• How old are you? • How often do you go to
• How difficult was the topic? the gym?
• How tall is she? • How quickly can you
run?
• How angry is she?
• How well do you speak
• How near is she from me? English?
• How confusing is she?
• How beautiful is this place?
• How do you usually spend your weekends?
• How do you manage stress when you have a lot of work?
• How do you make a perfect cup of coffee?
• How is life in the city different from life in the countryside?
• How does online learning compare to in-person classes?
• How can we reduce stress at work?
• How can I stay motivated to achieve my goals?
HOW FAR ?
• How far is it?
• How far is the house from here?
• How far is the airport from your office?
• How far is the gym from my house?
• How far is the cinema from your house?
• How far is the park from your house?
• How far is the hospital from your house?
• How far is your home from the nearest beach?
• How far is your house from the nearest supermarket?
• How far do you live from your work?
• How far is your favorite restaurant from your home?
• How far is the nearest airport from where you live?
• How far do you need to travel to visit your family or friends?
• How far is your house from the nearest gym?
• How far would you be willing to travel for your dream job?
HOW LONG ?
• How long does it take you to get to work?
• How long will you stay here?
• How long have you been awake?
• How long have you played soccer?
• How long does it take to get to the airport?
• How long does it take you to get ready in the morning?
• How long do you usually spend on social media each day?
• How long does it take to cook your favorite meal?
• How long did you study for your last exam?
• How long have you been studying English?
• How long is too long to spend watching TV?
• How long do you think people should wait before getting married?
• How long did it take you to finish your last book?
• How long have you had your current phone?
Email
Hi Patrick!
It is a pity that Lily is not going to go to your
birthday party.
Luckily, I’m free on Saturday but I’ll go a bit
late.
I’ll be able to stay the night because I’m free
the next day.
I’ll go by train so you can wait for me at 6pm
at the train station.
Also, I’ll help you with the barbecue .
See you soon!
John
Review: Why and Because
• Why is family important to you?
• Why do you enjoy watching movies or series?
• Why do you prefer winter/summer?
• Why is spending time with friends important to you?
• Why do you enjoy listening to music?
Review: How far / How long
How far is the gym from your house?
How long does it take you to get there?
 Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can
count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two,
three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:
Animal – Person – Bottle – Box – Coin – Cup – Plate – Fork – Table –
Chair – Suitcase - Bag
 Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts, etc; that we can't divide
into separate elements. We can't "count" them. For example, we can't
count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we
can't count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:
Music - Art - Love – Happiness - Advice - Information - News - Furniture
Luggage – Electricity - Gas - Power
Countable or Uncountable?
House C Iron C
Computer C Pencil C
Chair C
Water U
Information U
Father C
Hate U
Rice U
Plate C
Oil U
Toilet C
Apartment C Sand U
Bedroom C Shoes C
Poetry U Potatoes C
Door C Love U
Fire U
HOW MUCH – HOW MANY
Personal Interview
• "How many siblings do you have?"
• "How much water do you drink every day?"
• "How many books do you own?"
• "How many hours do you work every day?"
• "How much time do you spend on social media?"
• "How many hours do you sleep every night?"
• How much time do you spend studying?
• How many countries are there in South America?"
 QUANTIFIERS
Quantifiers help us express the amount or quantity of something.
They are used to answer questions such as “how much?” or “how many?”.
Quantifiers can be divided into two main types:
How to use quantifiers for
COUNTABLE NOUNS?
Few:
Use “few” to indicate a small number.
For example, “I have few friends” means that you have a small number
of friends.

• There are few errors.

• Few cars passed by here.
A few:
Use “a few” to indicate a slightly larger number than “few”.
For example, “I have a few friends” means that you have more than few
friends, but not a large number.

• We need a few minutes.

• They won a few games.
Several:
Use “several” to indicate a moderately large number.
For example, “She has several friends” means that she has more than a
few, but not a lot of friends.

• Several of my friends work in the library.

• I have visited Paris several times.
Many:
Use “many” to indicate a large number.
For example, “There are many people in the room” means that there
are a lot of people in the room.

• There aren't many people here.

• Many people prefer to shop online.
A lot of / Lots of:
Use “a lot of” or “lots of” to indicate a very large number.
For example, “He has a lot of friends” means that he has a very large
amount of friends.

• She has a lot of pets.

• There are lots of cupcakes on the table.
How to use quantifiers for
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS?
Little:
Use “little” to indicate a small amount.
For example, “I have little money left” means that you have a small
amount of money left.

• I speak little French.

• The kitten is little.
A little:
Use “a little” to indicate a slightly larger amount than “little”.
For example, “I have a little money left” means that you have more
than a little money left, but not a lot.

• There is a little milk in the refrigerator.

• Mary got a little bit of pie.
Much:
Use “much” to indicate a large amount.
For example, “There is much money on the table” means that there is a
lot of money on the table.

• Frank doesn't have too much work.

• There is much debate about the new law
A lot of / Lots of:
Use “a lot of” or “lots of” to indicate a very large amount.
So, “She has a lot of money” means that she has a very large amount of
money.

• I have a lot of time to answer his question.

• We had lots of fun together.
 SOME AND ANY
(For plural countables and uncountables nouns)

SOME: ANY:
Generally used in AFFIRMATIVE sentences: Generally used in NEGATIVE sentences:
For example: For example:
• There are some flowers in a vase on the table. • There aren´t any students in the school.
• They have some apples in the freezer. • There aren´t any oranges.
• He needs some medicine. • There isn´t any chicken in the freezer.
• I want some pop corns. • She doesn´t want to drink any fruit juice.

“Some” can also be used in questions if you are “Any” is used in questions:
offering something. For example:
For example: • Do we have any bread in the house?
• Do you want some water? • Is there any milk?
• Do you want some cookies? • Do you have any tomatoes?
• Would you like some coffee? • Do you have any money?
• Would you like some sugar?
 COMPARATIVES

• Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.

• Today is colder than yesterday.
 This park is more beautiful than the one near my
• My house is larger than hers.
house.
 History is more interesting than geography.
• This box is smaller than the one I lost.
 This sofa is more comfortable than the old one.
• Today is hotter than yesterday.
 She is more intelligent than her classmates.
• She is taller than her brother.

• This bag is heavier than the one I carried

yesterday
• This dress is prettier than the other one.
• This exercise is easier than the previous one.
Compare:
(Use comparatives)

What are the differences? – Which one is better? Why?

• Which is more interesting, science or history?
• Is summer more fun than winter?
• Is it more expensive to live in the city than in the countryside?
• Is running more tiring than swimming?
• Which is more popular, soccer or basketball?
• Is chocolate ice cream more delicious than vanilla?
• Is a smartphone more useful than a tablet?
• Which sport is more exciting, football or basketball?
 SUPERLATIVES
• He is the fastest runner in the race.
• He is the oldest person in the village.
• Mount Everest is the largest mountain in the  This is the most comfortable chair in the
world. house.
 She is the most intelligent student in the class.
 This is the most delicious dessert.
• My brother is the tallest in our family.
 He is the most creative boy.
• This is the smallest dog in the park.
• Today is the hottest day of the year.

• He is the funniest person in the class.

• This is the easiest question on the test.
• She is the prettiest girl at the party.
Compare:
(Use superlatives)

What are the differences?

Which one is the best?
Why?
Make questions:
• Who is the...?
• What is the...?
• What is the best...?
• What is the most...?
• What is the worst...?

For example:
What is the most beautiful place you have visited? Why?
Interview:
• Rank your top three favorite sports. What is the best and why? Which
sport do you think is more popular?
• Which is more challenging, math or science? What is the most
interesting subject in school?
• Which desserts do you like the most?
• Which types of vacations do you prefer: beach, city, or adventure?
• What are your top three hobbies? Which one do you enjoy the most?
• Which is more enjoyable, watching movies or reading books?
• Who is the most inspirational people in your life?