7

7.1
7.2
7.3

7.4
7.5

7.6

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.

7.1
7.1.1
B :

B:

B:

F
B
lI
B: (T)1T = 1Wb/m2
:

7.1.2

BS
= B S

B= /S

: B
B
,

:[](Wb)

1Wb =1Vs

7.1.3
H B

B

H /A/m)

I1

H dl I

H
d
l

I2

()
I

IN
Hl = IN H
l

:

:

H dl I

H dl H l

x x

N
x

Hx 2 x

I NI
Hx 2 x NI

Hx

S
I

NI
NI

Hx
2 x
lx
N
lx=2xx
Hx x
NI

x
Hx
S
I

NI
F
F = NI
[]

7.1.4

/H/m
0

0 4 10 H/m
7

r
0

H
B
r

0 0 H B0

N
x

x
NI
Hx
lx
NI I
Bx Hx

Hx
S

lx

, H

() B

7.1.5

1.

0 r1
B ( )
B=0H

B H
O

NI
H( I )
B , H
S
l
I

2.

7.2

7.2.1

r 1 (
r 2105 )

7.2.2

BJ

B0

B BJB0
B-H

B
BJ

B0
O

B-H
B
b
B

OaB H
a
BJ

ab B
bB
B0
B H O
H

B,
H
I
B

BH

7.2.3
B

B-H

B
Br ()
Br

(H=0)

O H
Hc
H
c
B = 0 H


B/T
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

c
b

10 103
H/(A/m)

c
b

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

H/(A/m)
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0103


(1)

(2)

(3)

7.3
7.3.1

If
N

S
N

7.3.2

1.


N

H dl I
l
B

NI Hl
l
l

Hx
S
I

 NI F
l
S

Rm

F=NI
Rm
l
S
2.
F Rm

F

Rm

3.

B
R m

I
N

F
NI

l
Rm
S

E
I
J
R

l
S

_
I

R
E
l
S

4.
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) E=0I=0
F=0

7.3.3
: (
),
F=NI

:
n

NI H 1 l 1 H 2 l 2 H n l n
n

NI H i l i
i 1

: F=NI
(1) Bi

B1

S1

B2

S2

, ... , Bn

Sn

(2) Hi
Bi=f ( Hi) ,B1
B2 H1 H2
(3) Hi li

(4) NI
n

NI H i l i
i 1

1:300
0.9T
45cm (1)
; (2)

1
B=0.9 T H=9000 A/m
Hl 9000 0.45
I

13.5 A
N
300
(2)
B=0.9 T H=260 A/m
Hl 260 0.45
I

0.39 A
N
300

1(1)(2)
0.39A

0.39A
260 A/m
B = 0.05T B =0.9T,
BB17
=BS
17

2: 10cm
5cm
0.2cm 1A
0.9T
:
B0
0.9
5
H0

7.2 10 A/m
7
0 4 10

B=0.9 T H1=500 A/m

l 10 15 39.2 cm

l 1 l 39.2 - 0.2 39 cm

H 0 7.2 105 0.2 102 1440 A

H 1 l 1 500 39 102 195 A

NI H 0 H 1 l 1 1440 195 1635 A

NI 1635
N

1635
I
1

7.4

i
7.4 .1

+ e
i u +
e
+
N

i (Ni)

d
e N

dt
di
d
L
e N
dt
dt

i L N
i

7.4 .2

KVL:

u Ri e e
di
Ri L ( e )
dt

R
L

i
+
u

e
+
e
+
N

U RI ( E ) ( E )
RI jX I ( E )

U RI jX I ( E )
msin t,

d
d
e N
N ( msin t ) N mcos t
dt
dt
2fN msin ( t 90) Emsin ( t 90 )
E
2

fN

m
m
E

4.44 fN m
2
2
R X
E

U E
U E 4.44 fN m 4.44 fNBm S (V)

Bm[T]
S [m2]

7.4 .3

i
1. Pcu
, R
Pcu
Pcu = RI2

+
u

RI
2. PFe

PFe

1Ph
Ph

f
O
H

(2)Pe

P UI cos RI 2 PFe

7.4 .4

RX

i
+
u

e
+
e
+

+ + uR + u +
u
u e

R0X0R

0
()X0

PFe
R0
I2

QFe
X0 2
I

Z0

R X
2
0

2
0

U U

I
I

PFe QFe
X

i R

uR + u + R
+
+
0
+ e
u e

u
u e+
X0
+

1: U= 220 V
I=4 AP=100Wf=50Hz
:(1)
2

P
100
: (1) cos

0.114
UI 220 4
(2)
U
220
Z

55
I
4
P 100
R R R0 2 2 6.25 R 0
I
4
X X X 0 Z 2 R 2 552 6.252

54 .6 X 0

2: U= 220 V
f=50Hz 30.2 cm2,
0.91 (0.9~0.93)
1 Bm=1.2T? (2)
60cm,?
2

:
S 30.2 0.91 27.5 cm
(1)
U
220
N

300
4
4.44 fBm S 4.44 50 1.2 27.5 10

(2)B=1.2T,=700
Hml
700 60 102
I

1A
2N
2 300

7.5.1

7.5

P =UI cos
cos
P = I Rl
U I
I S

10.5kV

220kV

10kV

380 / 220V

36V

i1

u2

u1

i2

N2

N1

ZL

0.35mm 0.5mm


()

7.5.2

i2

i1

u2

u1

N1

N2

ZL

1.

i0

(1)

e
u1 e 1+
+ 1

N1

i2 0

+ +

u1

i0 ( i0N1)

1
di 0
e1 L1
dt

e 2 u 20

N2

d
e1 N 1
dt
d
e2 N 2
dt

1.
i1

(2)

e
u1 e 1+
+ 1

N1

u1

i1 ( i1N1)

1
di1
e1 L1
dt

d
e1 N 1
dt
d
e2 N 2
dt
i2 ( i2N2)

i2
+
e2 + Z
e+ u2
2
N2

d i
e2 L2 2
dt

2.
(1)

msin t,
d
d
e1 N1
N1 ( msin t)
dt
dt

N 1 mcos t
E1msin ( t 90)

E1m 2fN 1 m
E1

2
2

E1 4.44 f m N1

e2 E2msin ( t 90)

E2 4.44 fm N 2

I1 R1

(2)

KVL

U 1 R1 I1 E 1 E 1
R1 I1 j X 1 I1 E 1

E 1 E1

U1

R1 ;
X1=L1 (
)
R1 X1 (),
, E1
U E U E 4.44 f N
1

KVL

E 2 R2 I2 E 2 U 2
R2 I2 j X 2 I2 U 2

i1

i2

+
+

e
2 u
+ e1
+ 2
u1 +
e
e
R2 ;
+ 1
2
N2
X2=L2 N 1
U 2
: I 2 0 , U 2 U 20 E2 4.44 f m N 2
U20

U1 E1 N 1

K
U 20 E2 N 2


1)
A
B
C
ABC

Z
Y
A-X B-Y C-Z XY Z aX
b
c
z
y
abc x
a-x b-y c-z
xyz

2)
Y / Y Y / Y0 Y0 / Y Y / Y0 /
:

Y / Y0 :
Y / :
Y0 / :

1Y/Y0
A
+
+
U1
U P1

U1

U1 +
U P2
U
3 K U2 1

U1

U2

3 U P1
U P1

K
3 U P2 UP2

2Y0/
A
+

U1

+
U P1

U1

U1
U 2 U P2
3K

U1
3U P 1
U P1

3
3K
U2
UP2
UP2

3. ()

U
Z 2 I2 2
Z2

i1

+
u1

e1

i2

N1
N2

+ +

e 2 u2 |Z |

U1 E1 4 .44 f m N1
U1 f m
m

i0

N1 m

i1 N 1 i2 N 2 m

i1 N 1

i1 N 1 i2 N 2 i0 N 1

i0 N 1 i 2 N 2

1.m

2. i2 N 2

I0 (2~3)%I1N

i1 N 1 i2 N 2 I1 N 1 I2 N 2
I1 N 1 I 2 N 2

I1
N2
1

I2
N1
K

4.

I1

I1

I2

U 1

U 2

U 1

U1
U2
Z
Z
I1
I2
U 1 KU 2
2 U2
Z

K
K 2 Z Z K 2 Z
I2
I1
I2
K

K 2

1:
E= 120V R 0=800
R0

+
RL=8:
1RL
E

RL R0

2
I
,
N1

R0
: (1)
+

N1
RL
800
K

10
N2
RL
8

I
RL

I 2

N2
+
U 2

RL

E
120
RL
P
800 4.5 W
800 800
R0 RL
2

2
2

E
120
RL
P
8 0.176 W
800 8
R0 RL
2

RL

R0

2: ,50VA, U1=380 V, U2 =36 V

22mm41mm0.35mm

22mm

S 2.2 4.1 0.9 8.1 cm

0.9
0.35mmBm=1.1T

41mm
U1
380
N1

1920
4
4.44 fBm S 4.44 50 1.1 8.1 10


U 20
1.05 U 2
1.05 36
N 2 N1
N1
1920
190
U1
U1
380
U20=1.05U2
SN
50
I 2

1.39 A
U2
36
SN
50

0.13 A
I 1
U1
380

d2
4I
I J
4
, d J

JJ 2.5 A/mm2


d1

4 I1

4 0.13
0.256 mm 0.25mm
3.14 2.5

d2

4 I2

4 1.39
0.84 mm 0.9mm
3.14 2.5

5.
1
S J L 1000/10
(KV)

(KVA)

J:

F:
S:

D:

2
U1NU2N

U1N
U2N
U1NU2N
I1NI2N

2)
SN

S N U 2 N I 2 N U 1N I1N
SN 3U2N I 2N 3U1N I1N

S N U 1 N I 1 N

P2 U 2 I 2 cos

P2
P1

S P
N

P1 P2

7.5.3
1.
U1 cos2
U2 I2U2 = f (I2)
U2 U 2 f ( I 2 )
U20

cos2 =1
cos2 =0.8
(

I2N

I2

U20

U 20 U 2
U %
100%
U 20

I2U2
5%

2. ()

(PCu)

(PFe )

()

P2
P2

P1 P2 PCu PFe

95% ,(50~75)%

:
SN=100kVA, U1N=6000V, f=50Hz
U2N= U20=400V , :
PFe =600 W PCu =2400W
(1)
(2)
: (1)

I 2N
I 1N

SN
100 10

144 A
3 U 2N
3 400
3
SN
100 10

9.62 A
3 U 1N
3 6000
3

()

P2
1
P2 PFe PCu
100 103
0

97
.
1
0
3
100 10 600 2400

1
100 103
2
0
1

97
.
6
0
2
1
1
2
3
100 10 600 2400
2
2

7.5.4

1. ( )
(
(

a
x +

2.
110V
220V

110V

23

13 2 4

i
1

u220 2

+ 1

U 220
m
4.44 f 2 N

u110
2
3
4

U 110
m
4.44 f N

(220/110)

1110V
N
i 1
3
+
u

i220 2 N i110 N

i110

i220

N
N

2
4

u1 i1 R1 e1

i1

e0
u

R1

3.

(X - x),
AX uAX
U

AX

U Aa
U ax

V
A a
+

uAX

X x

U Aa U AX Uax
A a X x

U Aa U AX Uax

A x X a .


S
A a

+
_
X x

S
A-a
;
S
A-x

+
_

A
X

+ a

e2

x
S

7.5.5
1.

U1
N1

K
U2
N2
I1
N2
1

I2
N1
K

+ i1

u1

N1

P
N2

i2
+

u2 R L

2.

~u

N1

N2

1.

2.

= N1/N2

3.

i1
N1

N2

i2

1.

2.

= N2/N1

7.6
1.

2.

3.

S0
B0
7

10 2
F
B0 S 0 N
8
B0 []
S0
F []N

B0 Bm sin t

:
107 2
107 2
f
B0 S0
Bm S0 sin2 t
8
8
Fm sin2 t
1
1
Fm Fm cos2 t
2
2

:
Fm

1 T
1
107 2
Bm S0 [N]
: F 0 f d t Fm
T
2
16
107 2
Fm
Bm S0
8


(1)

1 2

1
2

(2) ,

(3)

(4)

4.

M
3~

1:
c= 4 cm, l =7cm
a= 1 cm
220V = 1 cm
50 N

a
7

10 2
F
Bm S 0
16

16 F
Bm
10 7
S0

l
a

16 F
16 50
7
7
10

10
1.6 T
Bm
4
S0
1 10

U
220
N

6200
4
4.44 fBm S 4.44 50 1.6 1 10

Bm
2 NI H m

0
I

Bm

2 N 0

1.6 1 102
1.5 A
7
2 6200 4 10