Data Base Management

Kinjal Thakkar Priya Alag Shridhar Chokkalingam Sumesh Nair Shraddha Tripathi Vineet Shetty

Group Members

Database : A collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated.

DBMS : The software package to store and manage data.

Application Programs : Theses are the software which access and process data .It implements business logic like purchase of goods. Information System : Database+ DBMS + Application Program. Introduction

A typical DBMS has a layered architecture .

Disk space management , buffer management, files and access methods represent the operational system.
Query Optimization techniques and specialized index structures are essential for fast data retrieval .

DBMS
Store and Access Data

A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMS include a report writer program that enables you to output data in the form of a report. Many DBMS also include a graphics component that enables you to output information in the form of graphs and charts.

DBMS

Most are based on RDM is a Relational Data Base Management System : Enforces relationship between table and supports a tabular structure for the data.
Examples of database applications: -Computerized library systems. -Automated teller machines. -Flight reservation systems. -Computerized parts inventory systems.

-Database design is a process that access to up to date and accurate information. -Database designs the logical and physical structure of one or more databases. -The data design focuses on what data should be stored in the database.

Database design

-Entities are principal data objects -Attributes are property or characteristics of an entity type -Relationship is an association among several entities - 1_________1 - 1_________M - M_________M

Entity Relationship Model

Design

Normalization
Process of simplifying the design of a database so that it achieves the optimum structure.

Importance -helps to avoid usage of complex procedural language -reduces data storage requirements and simplifies data extraction. -most importantly it stores data in one place in the database.

Three main Normal Forms

-First normal forms: A table is in first normal form if all the key attributes have been defined and it contains no repeating groups. -Second forms: In order to be in Second Normal Form, a relation must first fulfill the requirements to be in 1st Normal form. &, each non key attribute in the relation must be functionally dependent upon the primary key -Third forms: relation must first fulfill the requirements to be in Second Normal Form. Additionally, all attributes that are not dependent upon the primary key must be eliminated.

First form(E.g of purchase order)

Unnormalised table/data PO NO. 123 Vendor _id 456 Product 1 pen Product 2 pencil product3 eraser

456 789 book Extracted repeating groups (product1.product2,product3) PO .No Vendor_id 123 456 Placed them at separate table PO. NO 123 123 123 456 456 789

Product Pen Pencil Eraser book

2nd Normal Form

Given table is in first form. Po.no 1 2 3 4 Vendor name abc pqr Po.n o 1 2 3 4 Vendor name abc pqr abc abc product pen pencil Vendor name Abc Pqr Abc abc total 1000 100 500 200 product Pen Pencil Pen Pen Total(rs) 1000 100 500 200 Vendor name and product are dependent upon each other.

Vendor name and total are dependent upon the primary key(PO.NO)

Thankyou

DBMS