Unit 3 Ch.

9
The Human Population

How do we study the human population?

Demography study of human populations Study of historical size and makeup of populations of countries in order to make comparisons and predictions 2 categories for countries

Developed higher average income, slower birthrate, diverse industrial economies Developing lower avg. income, agriculture based economies, rapid population growth

Human population over time

Grew slowly up until 1800 1800s went through exponential growth Population growth increases every decade Due to increases in food production, better hygeine, industrial and scientific revolution Not likely the earth can sustain this growth

Chapter 9

Section 1 Studying Human Populations

Human population over time

Forecasting population size

Age structure distribution of ages in a pop shown in a pop pyramid Survivorship % of members of a group that are likely to live to a certain age shown with line curves Fertility rates - # of babies born each year per 1,000 women Replacement level avg # of children a parent must have to replace themselves Migration movement of individuals between areas Immigration into Emmigration out of

Chapter 9

Section 1 Studying Human Populations

Population pyramid / Age structure

Declining death rates

Dramatic increase in population in last 200 years due to drop in death rates
More access to adequate food, clean water, and safe sewage disposal

Life expectancy average number of years a member of a population is likely to live

Infant mortality death rate of infants under 1 year old

The Demographic Transition

Model that describes how economic and social changes affect population growth rates (within a country) Process takes 3 4 generations Stages

1 preindustrial birth rate and death rate are high 2 transitional population explosion, death rate lowers due to education, hygiene, nutrition 3 industrial birth rate declines, pop stabilizes Postindustrial birth rate below replacement level so pop decreases

Chapter 9

Section 1 Studying Human Populations

Demographic Transition

9.2 Changing Population Trends

EQ: How is the world population changing? What are problems associated with rapid population growth?

Problems of rapid population growth

Overwhelm the infrastructure
Infrastructure basic services and facilities that support a community (water supplies, roads, sewer lines, schools, etc. )

Symptoms:
Suburban sprawl Overcrowded schools Polluted rivers Barren land Inadequate housing

Problems of pop growth

Resources used faster than they can be replenished (vegetation, land and water) Fuelwood shortage wood gathered from fallen limbs to burn as fuel - when population rises trees are cut down for fuel
Fuel allows people to boil water and cook No fuel leads to malnutrition and disease

Problems of pop growth

Unsafe water in cities where there is no infrastructure local water source may be used for drinking, washing, bathing and sewage disposal Water becomes breeding ground for organisms that cause diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery

Problems cont.
Impacts on land different uses for land are in competition with each other (agriculture, housing, natural habitats) Arable land used for growing crops Urbanization movement of people from rural areas to cities for work
Suburban sprawl leads to traffic jams, inadequate infrastructure, and reduction of land for farms and wildlife

Demographic Diversity in the world

Countries can be developed, developing, more developed, less developed Least developed countries indentified by UN given priority for foreign aid and development programs

Managing Development and population growth

Government focus on reducing birth rates
Public advertising Family planning programs Economic incentives Legal punishments

UN Conference on Population and Development 1994 pg 246

Debates on how to stabilize population growth A lot of focus on improving womens status

Growth is slowing
Population is now 6 billion and increasing Fertility rates are declining in both developed and less developed regions Most countries predicted to have replacement level fertility rates by 2050 UN project med growth rate to a pop of 9 billion by 2050

Closure
How has population growth effected west Cobb county?