By: Che syarifuddin Luqman hakim Mohd zuhdi zulfikri

Is

the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions Compounds with ionic bonds form crystals with a regular pattern of positive and negative ions held together by the electrical force of attraction In chemical bonds, atoms can either transfer or share their valence electrons. one or more atoms lose electrons and other atoms gain the electron. Example of ionic bonds are those in the alkali halides such as sodium chloride, NaCl.

an interaction between adjacent nuclei and shared electrons Covalent compounds exist in the form of distinct particles called molecules The molecules of covalent compounds are held together in clusters by weak forces generally referred to as intermolecular forces Intermolecular forces are much weaker forces than the covalent bonds that hold the elements together within the molecules or ionic bonds that hold the positive and negative ions together in crystals

properties of ionic and covalent compounds

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order to melt an ionic compound, it is necessary to break ionic bonds. Therefore, ionic compounds usually have high melting points. To melt a covalent compound, it isnt necessary to break bonds. It is only necessary to overcome the much weaker intermolecular forces that hold the particles together. So, it has low melting point.

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covalent bond are gases or liquid or solid of low boiling point at room condition. This is because the weak intermolecular force. Ionic bond(compound) are solid at room temperature. It has high boiling point because the present of strong ionic bond.

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particles in a volatile compound must be held together by weaker forces so that some can break away and travel through the air to our noses.

Ionic compounds tend to be soluble (or dissolve in) water because water is a polar compound that can exert enough force to overcome the ionic bond and cause the ions to go into solution. In general covalent compounds are less soluble in water. The tendency of compounds to dissociate or ionize in water tells a great deal about the way in which bonds hold the compound itself together

Charged particles must be present and free to move in order for an electric current to flow. The amount of conduction by the solution gives an indication of the compounds ionic character. Indeed, conduction or non-conduction by the solution gives an indication of the bond type that exists in the compound.

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Ionic Compounds Crystalline solids (made of ions) High melting and boiling points Conduct electricity when melted Many soluble in water but not in nonpolar liquid
Covalent Compounds Gases, liquids, or solids (made of molecules) Low melting and boiling points Poor electrical conductors in all phases Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water