2 - WCDMA Power Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
All rights reserved

www.huawei.com
Internal
OWJ200107 WCDMA
Power Control
ISSUE 1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
Page 1
Chapter 1 Power Control Overview
Chapter 2 open loop Power Control
Chapter 3 closed loop Power Control
Page 2
Uplink transmission character
Self-interference
Capacity is limited by interference
Near-far effect
Fading
Uplink power control
Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity
Solve the near-far effect
Save UE transmission power
Purpose of uplink power control
Page 3
Downlink transmission character
Interference among different subscribers since the orthogonality is
influenced by transmission environment
Interference from other adjacent cells
Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power
Fading
Downlink power control
Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity
Save NodeB transmission power
Purpose of downlink power control
Page 4
The Relationship between Transmitted Power and
Received Power after Power Control Methods Introduced
0 200 400 600 800
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (ms)
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

p
o
w
e
r

(
d
B
)

Channel
Transmitted power
Received power
Page 5
Power Control Classification
Power control classification
open loop power control
closed loop power control
Uplink inner-loop power control
Downlink inner-loop power control
Uplink outer-loop power control
Downlink outer-loop power control

Page 6

Power control methods adopted for various physical
channels
Power control methods adopted for various physical channels
Y" can be applied, "" not applied
Physical
channel
Open loop
power
control
Inner loop
power
control
Outer loop
power
Control
No power control process,
power is specified by
upper layers.
DPDCH Y Y
DPCCH Y Y Y
PCCPCH Y
SCCPCH Y
PRACH Y
AICH Y
PICH Y
Page 7
Page 8
2.1 open loop power control overview
2.2 PRACH open loop power control
2.3 DPCCH open loop power control
Page 9
open loop Power Control Overview
Purpose
UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation path
by measuring the downlink channel signals, then calculates the
transmission power of the uplink channel

principle
Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss of the
downlink channel
Page 10
open loop Power Control Overview
Disadvantage
This power control method is rather rough
Application scenarios
In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually more serious
than that caused by propagation loss.
open loop power control is applied only at the beginning of connection
setup, generally in setting the initial power value.
Page 11
Chapter 2 Open Power Control
Page 12
open loop Power Control of PRACH
AICH access
slots RX at UE
PRACH access
slots TX at UE
One access slot
t
p-a
t
p-m
t
p-p
Pre-
amble
Pre-
amble
Message part
Acq.
Ind.
Page 13
open loop Power Control of PRACH
The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power control:

Preamble_Initial_Power
= PCPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL
interference + Constant Value
Page 14
open loop power control of PRACH
NO. Parameter Parameter meaning
1 Power Offset Pp-m The power offset of the last access preamble and message control part. This
value plus the access preamble power is the power of the control part
2 Constant Value This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the initial
transmission power of PRACH according to the open loop power
3 PRACH Power Ramp Step This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE has not
received the capture indication from NodeB
4 Preamble Retrans Max This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of the UE
within a preamble ramp cycle
Power Ramp Step
P
p- m
10ms/20ms
Preable_Initial_
power
Page 15
open loop power control of PRACH
1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

open loop power
control of PRACH

5. Downlink Synchronization

UE
Node B
Serving RNS

Serving
RNC

DCH - FP

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP

3. Radio Link Setup Response

NBAP NBAP

2. Radio Link Setup Request

RRC RRC

7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up

Start RX
description

Start TX
description

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

RRC
RRC

9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

6. Uplink Synchronization

NBAP

NBAP

8. Radio Link Restore Indication
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Page 16
Page 17
open loop power control of DL DPCCH
The DL DPDCH open loop power control can be calculated by the
following formula:
P=(Ec/Io)
Req
-CPICH_Ec/Io + CPICH_Power

Parameters explanation
(Ec/Io)req is the required Ec/Io, which should ensure that UE can receive
the message from the dedicated channel correctly
CPICH_Ec/Io is measured by UE, then it is sent to UTRAN by RACH
CPICH_Power

is the transmission power of CPICH

Page 18
open loop power control of DL DPCCH

open loop power
control of DPCCH


UE
Node B
Serving RNS

Serving
RNC

DCH - FP

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP


NBAP NBAP


RRC RRC


Start RX
description

Start TX
description


RRC
RRC



NBAP

NBAP

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Page 19
open loop power control of UL DPCCH
The UL DPCCH open loop power control can be calculated by
the following formula:

DPCCH_Initial_Power
= DPCCH_Power_Offset - CPICH_RSCP

Page 20
open loop power control of UL DPCCH

open loop power
control of DPCCH


UE
Node B
Serving RNS

Serving
RNC

DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

RRC RRC

NBAP NBAP


NBAP NBAP


RRC RRC


Start RX
description

Start TX
description


RRC
RRC



NBAP

NBAP

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Page 21
Page 22
3.1 closed loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control
Page 23
closed loop power control overview
The characteristics of open loop power control
The results from open loop power control are not accurate
enough
open loop power control can only decide the initial power
The advantages of closed loop power control
Guarantee the QoS
Decrease the interference
Increase the system capacity
Page 24
closed loop power control overview
Inner loop
Outer loop
BLER
mea
>BLER
tar
SIR
tar

BLER
mea
<BLER
tar
SIR
tar

Until
BLER
mea
=BLER
tar
SIRtar
SIR
mea
>SIR
tar
TPC=0

SIR
mea
<SIR
tar
TPC=1

Until
SIR
mea
=SIR
tar
TPC
TPC=0 Power
TPC=1 Power
BLER
tar
Ensure the
QoS with
minimum
power

Page 25
Page 26
Uplink-inner loop power control
NodeB compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR
NodeB
UE
Transmit TPC
Inner-loop
set SIRtar
1500Hz
Each UE has
its own loop
TPC Decision
(01)
TPC_CMD
-1, 0, 1
Adjust DPCCH Tx
DPCCH=tpcTPC_cmd
PCA1
PCA2
Adjust DPDCH Tx
(c,d)
Compare SIRmeas with SIRtar
SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
Page 27
UE gets one TPC in each time slot
If TPC=0, TPC_cmd= -1
If TPC=1, TPC_cmd= 1
This control is done in each time slot
Power control frequency is 1500HZ
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

TPC_CMD
TPC
-1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1
Uplink inner-loop PCA1 without soft handover
Page 28
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

RLS1-TPC (W
1
)

RLS2-TPC (W
2
)
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

TPC_CMD
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Each time slot, combine TPC from
different RLSthen get W
i
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL11 RL12
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
RLS3-TPC (W
3
)
Get TPC_cmd based on
TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)
Uplink inner-loop PCA1 with soft handover
Page 29
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

RLS1-TPC (W
1
)

RLS2-TPC (W
2
)
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

TPC_CMD
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Each time slot, combine TPC from
different RLSthen get W
i
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL11 RL12
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
RLS3-TPC (W
3
)
Get TPC_cmd based on
TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)
Page 30
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
10ms/frame
Group 2 Group 1 Group 3

0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
TPC
TPC_CMD
Transmission power will be controlled in each 5 time slots
The frequency is 300HZ

Uplink inner-loop PCA2 Without soft handover
Page 31
Combine TPC from same
RLS in each time slot

Calculate TPC_cmd

TPC_CMD=1

TPC_CMD=-1

Otherwise TPC_CMD=0
Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLS
If 5 TPC are all 1, TPC_temp
i
=1
If 5 TPC are all 0, TPC_temp
i
=-1
Otherwise, TPC_tempi =0
5 . 0 _
1
1
>
=
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
5 . 0 _
1
1
<
=
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL11 RL12
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
Uplink inner-loop PCA2 With soft handover
Page 32
RLS1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
RLS2
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
RLS3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

10ms/frame
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
RLS1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
RLS2
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
RLS3
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

TPC
TPC_temp
i
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0

TPC_CMD

Power is controlled in each 5 time slots
The power control frequency is 300HZ
Page 33
Comparison between PCA1 and PCA2
The control frequency
TPC1, the power control frequency is 1500Hz
TPC2, the power control frequency is 300Hz

Page 34
Page 35
NodeB
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Measure and compare SIR
Measure and compare BLER
Outer loop
Inner loop
L1
L3
10-100Hz
1500Hz
Downlink closed loop power control
Page 36
Downlink Inner loop power control
NodeB
Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC in each TS
Measure SIR and compare
it with SIRtar
Adjust Tx power
with 0.5, 1, 1 or 2dB
1500Hz
L3
Page 37
Downlink inner loop power control
When UE is not in soft handover
The TPC which is generated by UE is transmitted in TPC domain
of UL channel
When UE is in soft handover, two power control modes can be used,
which is decided by DPC_mode:
DPC_MODE0UE will transmit TPC in every slot
DPC_MODE1UE will transmit the same TPC in every three
time slot
When the downlink channel is in out of synchronization, UE will
transmit TPC 1 because UE can not measure the downlink SIR
How to generate TPC
Page 38
The transmission power can not higher than Maximum_DL_Power, and not
less than Minimum_DL_Power neither.
Downlink power adjustment:
P(k) = P(k 1) +P
TPC
(k) +P
bal
(k)
Where
P(k-1) is power of previous
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment
P
bal
(k) is correction value
How to adjust power
Page 39
Where
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment value
TPC
est
(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or
2dB)
P
TPC
(k)
Without Limited Power Raise Used
How to adjust power
=
= +
=
0 ) ( TPC if
1 ) ( TPC if
) ( P
est TPC
est TPC
TPC
k
k
k
Page 40
Where
P
TPC
(k)
With Limited Power Raise Used
=
> A + A =
< A + A =
A
A +
=
0 ) ( TPC if
e_Limit Power_Rais ) ( and 1 ) ( TPC if
e_Limit Power_Rais ) ( and 1 ) ( TPC if
0 ) (
est
est
est
k
k k
k k
k P
TPC sum
TPC sum
TPC
TPC
TPC
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment value
TPC
est
(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB)
Power_Raise_Limit: the limited value for Power ramping in a timer
DL_power_averaging_window_sizetimer for power ramping (TS)
+ =
= A
1
1 _ _ _ _
) ( ) (
k
Size Window Averaging Power DL k i
TPC sum
i P k
Page 41
Page 42
Downlink Power Balance
Downlink power balance process
SRNC can monitor every single
NodeBs transmission. If SRNC found
the power offset in soft handover is
excessive, it will initiate the DPB
process
The initiation and stop of DPB
The power offset of two RLs is greater
than the DPB initial threshold, the
DPB process is initiated
The power offset of two RLs is less
than the DPB stop threshold, the DPB
process is stopped
NodeB
NodeB
Initiate the
DPB process
DPB process
Page 43
Page 44
Outer loop power control
The character of outer loop power control
The QoS which NAS provides to CN is BLER, not SIR
The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop
power control
SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding
correctly. But different multi-path radio environments request
different SIR
Therefore, the outer loop power control can adjust the SIR to get a
stable BLER in the changeable radio environment
Page 45
Uplink outer loop power control
NodeB UE
Transmit TPC
Inner-loop
Set SIRtar
Out loop
RNC
Measure received data and
compare BLER in the TrCH
Set BLERtar
10-100Hz
Page 46
NodeB
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Measure and compare BLER
Outer
loop
Inner loop
L1
L3
10-100Hz
1500Hz
Downlink outer loop power control
Page 47
SIR target adjustment step
|
|
.
|
\
|
= A
et BLERt
et BLERt BLERmeas
tep SIRAdjustS oefficient SIRAdjustc SIRtar
arg
arg
* *
Where
SirAdjustStep: Outer loop power control adjustment step
SirAdjustcoefficient : Coefficient for outer loop power control
BLER
est
: Estimated BLER
BLER
tar
: Target BLER
Page 48
Uplink outer loop power control command transmit to NodeB
through DCH-FP of Iub interface
Node B SRNC

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2 - WCDMA Power Control

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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