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1 Separation Techniques

The document discusses states of matter and various separation techniques, including melting and boiling points, filtration, evaporation, crystallization, simple and fractional distillation, and paper chromatography. It explains how impurities affect melting and boiling points, and provides methods for separating mixtures of solids and liquids. Additionally, it includes tasks and questions for assessing understanding of these concepts.

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iriszhan09
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23 views26 pages

1 Separation Techniques

The document discusses states of matter and various separation techniques, including melting and boiling points, filtration, evaporation, crystallization, simple and fractional distillation, and paper chromatography. It explains how impurities affect melting and boiling points, and provides methods for separating mixtures of solids and liquids. Additionally, it includes tasks and questions for assessing understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

iriszhan09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

States of matter &

Separation
techniques
part II
Melting point and boiling point
• Pure substances melt and boil at fixed
temperatures. ex] pure water
• Impurities lower the melting point and
raise the boiling point of a substance.
• ex] add salt to water
• melting point can be used to decide
whether a substance is pure
Soluble and insoluble
Look at what these pictures show you. Think about
what the word SOLUBLE and INSOLUBLE could
mean.

Sand and water – Salt and water –


sand is insoluble salt is soluble
Filtration
In a mixture the constituent parts are not joined
together so they can be separated easily.

Filtrat Residu
e e

Filtration is used to separate a solid from a liquid.


Separation

Task 1

To separate a mixture of water, sand and salt.


Solution, solvent and
solute
Solutions of solvents and solutes can be separated
by evaporation. If crystals are formed it is called
CRYSTALISATION.

If the solute was magnetic (iron), you could use a


Evaporation
before evaporation
after evaporation Your task:

To heat 20cm3 of salt water until


all of the water has
evaporated. A white solid
should remain, this is salt.

You will need:


Crystallization
Difference between
crystallization and evaporation
Fractional distillation
Difference between simple and
fractional distillation
• Simple distillation is to separate the
components of a solution.
• Fractional distillation is to separate the
mixture of liquids such as ethanol and
water.
• Fractional distillation is especially useful to
sepatate complex mixtures in the crude oil.
Paper chromatography
Use paper chromatography in
analysis
Calculation of Rf
Calculation of Rf continues

Distance start from the centre of the spot.


Plenary
Quick test

1. In a mixture are constituent parts joined?


2. In a compound are constituent parts joined?
3. How should a mixture of solid and liquid be
separated?
4. How can crystals of salt be obtained from a
mixture of salt and water?
5. Which technique could be used to separate a
mixture of different coloured dyes?

You will peer assess your work.

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