Computer
Systems:Introduction
This presentation will explore the fundamental components
and concepts that make up computer systems. We'll delve
into the interplay between hardware and software, explore
the role of operating systems, and examine various aspects
of data storage and connectivity.
Hardware Components
Central Processing Random Access Storage Devices Input/Output
Unit (CPU) Memory (RAM) Devices
Persistent storage for
The brain of the Temporary storage for data and programs, Enable interaction
computer, executing active data and including hard drives with the computer,
instructions and programs, enabling and solid-state drives. such as keyboards,
performing fast access. mice, monitors, and
calculations. printers.
Software Fundamentals
Programming Languages Algorithms
Software is written in programming languages Algorithms are sets of instructions that solve
like Python, Java, and C++, defining the problems and guide the execution of software
instructions for the computer. tasks.
Data Structures Software Development
Data structures organize and store data Software development is the process of
efficiently, like arrays, linked lists, and trees. designing, coding, testing, and deploying
software applications.
Operating Systems
1 2 3 4
Early Batch Systems Multiprogramming Time-Sharing Systems Modern Operating
Systems
Simple, sequential Multiple programs Interactive environments
execution of programs, running concurrently, allowing users to share Sophisticated systems
limited interactivity. improving system resources and execute with graphical user
utilization. multiple tasks interfaces, multitasking,
simultaneously. and advanced features.
Data Storage and Memory
1 2
RAM Hard Drive
Random Access Memory (RAM) is temporary, high-speed Hard disk drives (HDDs) are traditional magnetic storage
storage for actively used data and programs. It's devices that store data persistently. They are typically
essential for fast processing, enabling the CPU to quickly larger and more affordable than SSDs, but slower in
access and manipulate information. access speed.
3 4
Solid-State Drive Cache Memory
Solid-state drives (SSDs) use flash memory for faster Cache memory is a small, ultra-fast memory component
data access compared to HDDs. They are more compact, that stores frequently accessed data for even faster
durable, and consume less power, but are typically more retrieval, improving system performance.
expensive.
Input/Output Devices
Keyboards Mouse
Keyboards allow users to Mouse are pointing devices
enter text, commands, and that control the cursor on
data into the computer. the screen, enabling user
interaction.
Monitors Printers
Monitors display visual Printers produce hard copies
output, providing users with of documents, graphics, and
information and feedback other content.
from the computer.
Networking and Connectivity
Network Interface Card (NIC)
A physical component that allows devices to connect to a network.
Data Transmission
Data travels over network cables or wireless signals, using protocols to ensure proper delivery.
Network Protocols
Sets of rules that govern data transmission, like TCP/IP, defining how data is formatted and sent.
Network Topologies
The physical arrangement of devices and connections, like bus, star, or ring topologies.
Network Security
Measures to protect networks from unauthorized access and data breaches, like firewalls and encryption.
Emerging Trends and Technologies
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
1 AI is transforming computer systems with machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision.
Cloud Computing
2 Cloud platforms enable scalable and on-demand computing resources, revolutionizing data
storage and application delivery.
Internet of Things (IoT)
3 Connecting devices and sensors, enabling data collection and automation, with
applications in smart homes, cities, and industries.
Quantum Computing
4 A new paradigm of computing leveraging quantum mechanics, promising
exponential speedups for complex calculations.
Edge Computing
5 Processing data closer to the source, reducing latency and enhancing
real-time decision-making capabilities.
