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Introduction To Computer Organization

Computer organization refers to the structural components and their interactions within a computer system, including the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It highlights the roles of various hardware components, such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit and memory hierarchy, in processing information. Understanding these elements is essential for grasping more complex computer systems and software.

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309 views8 pages

Introduction To Computer Organization

Computer organization refers to the structural components and their interactions within a computer system, including the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It highlights the roles of various hardware components, such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit and memory hierarchy, in processing information. Understanding these elements is essential for grasping more complex computer systems and software.

Uploaded by

banoo0598
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to

Computer
Organization
Computer organization defines the structural components and their
interactions within a computer system. It encompasses the physical
elements and their interconnectedness, providing a framework for
understanding how a computer operates.

by Kulsum Khatun
Hardware Components of a Computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory Input/Output Devices

The brain of the computer, responsible Stores data and instructions for the Allow users to interact with the
for executing instructions and CPU to access and process. computer, such as keyboard, mouse,
performing calculations. monitor, and printer.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
1 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 2 Control Unit
Performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. Manages the flow of instructions and data within the
CPU.

3 Registers 4 Cache
High-speed storage locations used to hold temporary A small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed
data and instructions. data, improving CPU performance.
Memory Hierarchy
1 Registers
Fastest but smallest memory level, used for temporary
data storage.

2 Cache
Faster than main memory but smaller, stores frequently
accessed data.

3 Main Memory (RAM)


Larger than cache, stores data and instructions currently in
use.

4 Secondary Storage
Slowest but largest memory level, used for long-term data
storage.
Input/Output (I/O) Devices
Input Devices Output Devices
Keyboard, mouse, scanner, Monitor, printer, speakers -
microphone - Allow users to Allow the computer to present
provide data to the computer. results to the user.

Communication Devices
Network cards, modems - Enable communication with other
computers or networks.
Data Representation and Binary
Arithmetic
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

2 10 2 2

3 11 3 3

4 100 4 4

5 101 5 5

6 110 6 6

7 111 7 7

8 1000 10 8

9 1001 11 9

10 1010 12 A

11 1011 13 B

12 1100 14 C

13 1101 15 D

14 1110 16 E

15 1111 17 F
Instruction Set Architecture
Instruction Format
1 Defines the structure and layout of instructions.

Addressing Modes
2 Specifies how operands are accessed during instruction
execution.

Instruction Set
3 Collection of instructions supported by a particular CPU.

Data Types
4 Types of data supported by the CPU, such as integers,
floating-point numbers, and characters.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways

Understanding Interconnectedness Foundation


Computer organization is crucial for The different hardware components It lays the groundwork for
understanding how computers work at interact and collaborate to process comprehending more complex
a fundamental level. information. computer systems and software.

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