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Compound Nuclear

The document discusses the compound nucleus model proposed by Niels Bohr in 1936, which explains nuclear reactions as a two-stage process involving the formation of a compound nucleus and its subsequent decay. It details the time intervals for the formation and disintegration of the compound nucleus and its effectiveness in explaining reactions induced by low-energy projectiles. Additionally, it introduces the liquid drop model analogy for compound nucleus formation and mentions the Breit-Wigner formula for resonance cross-section contributions.

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31 views8 pages

Compound Nuclear

The document discusses the compound nucleus model proposed by Niels Bohr in 1936, which explains nuclear reactions as a two-stage process involving the formation of a compound nucleus and its subsequent decay. It details the time intervals for the formation and disintegration of the compound nucleus and its effectiveness in explaining reactions induced by low-energy projectiles. Additionally, it introduces the liquid drop model analogy for compound nucleus formation and mentions the Breit-Wigner formula for resonance cross-section contributions.

Uploaded by

v6jg7wk29s
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© © All Rights Reserved
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JAI NARAIN VYAS UNIVERSITY

JODHPUR ( RAJ. )
SESSION:2022-23
NUCLEAR PHYSICS – 1ST

SUBMITTED TO – DR. GIRIRAJ


CHAYAL
PRESENTED BY – RAHUL
MANSURIYA
COMPOUND
NUCLEUS
FORMATION AND
BREIT-WIGNER
FORMULA
COMPOUND NUCLEUS MODEL
• Compound nucleus model, description of
atomic nuclei proposed (1936) by the Danish
physicist Niels Bohr to explain nuclear reactions
as a two stage process comprising the formation
of a relatively long-lived intermediate nucleus
and its subsequent decay.
• First, a bombarding particle loses all its energy
to the target nucleus and becomes an integral
part of a new, highly excited, unstable nucleus,
called a compound nucleus.
The formation stage takes a period of time
approximately equal to the time interval for the
bombarding particle to target across the diameter
of the target nucleus (about 10-21 sec).
• Second, after a relatively long period of time
(typically from 10-19 to 10-15 sec) and independent
of the properties of reactants, the compound
nucleus disintegrates, usually into an ejected small
particle and a product nucleus.

where – C* = Compound nucleus


• For example :-

• The compound nucleus model is very successful


in explaining nuclear reactions induced by
relatively low-energy bombarding particles (that
is projectiles with energies below about 50
million electron volts.
COMPOUND NUCLEUS FORMATION BY
LIQUID DROP MODEL
• We all know that if the temperature of a liquid
drop rises then its molecule evaporate. In the
same way, if a nucleus is given the energy by
bombarding of nuclear projectile then a
compound nucleus is formed. This compound
nucleus emits the nuclear radiation.
• If a liquid drop is allowed to oscillate then it
break-up in to smaller droplets. This
phenomenon is similar to the nuclear fission.
BREIT-WIGNER FORMULA
• The cross-section contribution due to a single
resonance is given by the Breit-Wigner formula :-
THANK YOU

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