1

Lecture No. : 12

d6

z
y

d5

d3

d2
d1

d4

y
x

x
4

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5
5

l
F =

K11

K12

K13

K14

K15

K16

K17

K18

K19

K110 K111 K112

K21

K22

K23

K24

K25

K26

K27

K28

K29

K210 K211 K212

K31

K32

K33

K34

K35

K36

K37

K38

K39

K310 K311 K312

K41

K42

K43

K44

K45

K46

K47

K48

K49

K410 K411 K412

K51

K52

K53

K54

K55

K56

K57

K58

K59

K510 K511 K512

K61

K62

K63

K64

K65

K66

K67

K68

K69

K610 K611 K612

K71

K72

K73

K74

K75

K76

K77

K78

K79

K710 K711 K712

K81

K82

K83

K84

K85

K86

K87

K88

K89

K810 K811 K812

K91

K92

K93

K94

K95

K96

K97

K98

K99

K910 K911 K912

K101 K102 K103 K104 K105 K106 K107 K108 K109 K1010 K1011 K1012
K111 K112 K113 K114 K115 K116 K117 K118 K119 K1110 K1111 K1112
K121 K122 K123 K124 K125 K126 K127 K128 K129 K1210 K1211 K1212

First column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d1 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

10

EA
L

EA
L

EA
L

EA
L

11

First column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K11

EA
L

K21

K31

K41

K51

K61

K71

EA
L

K81

K91

K101

K111

K121

12

Seventh column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d7 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

13

14

EA
L
EA
L

EA
L

EA
L

15

Seventh column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K17

K27

EA
L

K37

K47

K57

K67

K77

EA
L

K87

K97

K107

K117

K127

16

17

Second column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d2 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

18

Shear in Plan

19

6EIzDy
L2

6EIzDy
L2
z

Dy

12EIzDy
L3
12EIzDy
L3

20

d=1

6EIz
L2

6EIz
L2

y
x
z

12EIz
L3

12EIz
L3

21

Second column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K12

K22

12EIz
L3

K32

K42

K52

K62
K72

K82
K92
K102

K112
K122

6EIz
L2

0
-

12EIz
L3

0
0
0
6EIz
L2

22

Eighth column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d8 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

23

24

6EIzDy
L2

y
x

12EIzDy
L3

Dy
y

6EIzDy
L2

12EIzDy
L3
25

6EIz
L2

6EIz
L2

d=1

y
x
z

12EIz
L3

12EIz
L3

26

Eighth column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K18
-

K28

12EIz
L3

K38

K48

K58

K68
K78

K88

0
12EIz
L3

K98

K108

K118
K128

6EIz
L2

6EIz
L2

27

Third column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d3 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

28

Shear out of Plan

29

12EIyDz
L3
12EIyDz
L3

6EIyDz
L2

Dz

6EIyDz
L2

30

12EIy
L3
12EIy
L3

y
x
z

6EIy
L2

d=1

6EIy
L2

31

Third column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K13

K23

K33

12EIy
L3

K43

K53
K63
K73

K83
K93

0
-

K123

12EIy
L3

K103

K113

6EIy
L2

6EIy
L2

32

Ninth column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d9 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

33

34

Dz

6EIyDz
L2

6EIyDz
L2

12EIyDz
L3

12EIyDz
L3
35

12EIy
L3
d=1

12EIy
L3

y
x
z

6EIy
L2

6EIy
L2

36

Ninth column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K19

K29

K39

12EIy
L3

K49

K59

6EIy
L2

K69

K79

K89

K99

12EIy
L3

K109

K119

6EIy
L2

K129

37

38

Sixth column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d6 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

39

Rotation in Plan

40

2 EIzqz
L

4 EIzqz
L

qz

6 EIzqz
L2
6 EIzqz
L2
41

2 EIz
L

4 EIz
L

x
z

6 EIz
L2

d=1
6 EIz
L2

42

Sixth column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K16

K26

6EIz
L2

K36

K46

K56

K66

4EIz
L

K76
K86

0
-

6EIz
L2

K96

K106

K116

K126

2EIz
L

43

Twelfth column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d12 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

44

45

4 EIzqz
L

2 EIzqz
L

qz

6 EIzqz
L2

6 EIzqz
L2
46

4 EIz
L
d=1
2 EIz
L

y
x
z

6 EIz
L2

6 EIz
L2

47

Twelfth column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K112

K212

6EIz
L2

K312

K412

K512

K612

2EIz
L

K712
K812

0
-

6EIz
L2

K912

K1012

K1112

K1212

4EIz
L

48

Fifth column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d5 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

49

Rotation out of Plan

50

2 EIyqy
L

4 EIyqy
L

y q
y

6 EIyqy
L2

6 EIyqy
L2

51

6 EIy
L2
d=1

6 EIy
L2

y
x
z

2 EIy
L

4 EIy
L
52

Fifth column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K15

K25

K35

6EIy
L2

K45

K55

4EIy
L

K65

K75

K85

K95

6EIy
L2

K105

K115

2EIy
L

K125

53

Eleventh column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d11 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

54

55

4 EIyqy
L
qy

2 EIyqy
L

6 EIyqy
L2

6 EIyqy
L2
56

6 EIy
L2

6 EIy
L2

d=1

y
x
z

4 EIy
L

2 EIy
L
57

Eleventh column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K111

K211

K311

6EIy
L2

K411

K511

2EIy
L

K611

K711

K811

K911

6EIy
L2

K1011

K1111

4EIy
L

K1211

58

59

Fourth column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d4 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

60

61

 Mt G q

r IP
L

G I xq x
L

qx

G Ixqx
L
62

1
3
.
36
b
b
1
a b
I p a b3
4

3 16 a 12 a

G Ix
L

y
x

d=1

G Ix
L
63

Fourth column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K14

K24

K34

K44

GIx
L

K54

K64

K74

K84

K94

K104

GIx
L

K114

K124

64

Tenth column in
Local Stiffness matrix

d10 =1

d8
x
z

d11

d2
d5

65

66

G I xq x
L

qx

x
z

G Ixqx
L
67

d=1
G Ix
L

y
x
z

G Ix
L

68

Tenth column in
Local Stiffness
matrix

K110

K210

K310

K410

GIx
L

K510

K610

K710

K810

K910

K1010

GIx
L

K1110

K1210

69

F =

EA
L

12EIz
L3

6EIz
L2

12EIy
L3

6EIy
L2

GIx
L

6EIy
L2

4EIy
L

6EIy
L2

6EIz
L2

4EIz
L

6EIz
L2

EA
L

6EIz
L2

6EIy
L2

EA
L

12EIz
L3

6EIz
L2

12EIy
L3

0
-

GIx
L

EA
L

0
-

12EIz
L3

6EIz
L2

6EIy
L2

2EIy
L

2EIz
L

12EIz
L3

12EIy
L3

6EIy
L2

GIx
L

6EIy
L2

4EIy
L

4EIz
L

6EIy
L2

2EIy
L

2EIz
L

6EIz
L2

12EIy
L3

0
-

GIx
L

6EIz
L2

70

Drive the member transformation matrix

y
x

F = T F

x
71

Drive the member transformation matrix

g

F5
F6
q

F4

F2

F3

F1

72

F2 cosq

F1 sinq
g

F2
q

F2 sinq

F3

F1 cosq

F1

F1 = F1 cos q F2 sin q
g

F2 = F1 sin q + F2 cos q
g

F3 = F3

73

F5 cosq

F4 sinq
g

F5
q

F5 sinq

F6

F4 cosq

F4
g

F4 = F4 cos q F4 sin q
g

F5 = F5 sin q + F5 cos q
g

F6 = F6

74

cos q

- sin q

sin q

cos q

F2

F3

cos q - sin q 0

F5g

sin q cos q 0

F5

F6g

F6

F1g
F2g
F3g
F4g

F1

F4

75

Drive the member transformation matrix

y
x

y
x

Fly

l
F = T F
g

76

z
y

l
F cos q
x

xz

qxz qxy

Fxl cos qxy

qxx

Fxl cos qxx

77

z
y

l
F cos q
y

yz

qyz
qyy

Fyl cos qyy

qyx

Fyl cos qyx

78

z
Fzl cos qzz

qzy

Fzl cos qzy

qzz

x
qzx

Fzl cos qyx

79

g F l cos q + F l cos q + F l cos q

Fx = x
xx
y
yx
z
zx
g Fl c + Fl c + Fl c
Fx = x xx
y yx
z zx
g Fl c + Fl c + Fl c
Fy = x xy
y yy
z zy
g Fl c + Fl c + Fl c
Fz = x xz
y yz
z zz

80

g Fl c + Fl c + Fl c
Fx = x xx
y yx
z zx
g Fl c + Fl c + Fl c
Fy = x xy
y yy
z zy
g Fl c + Fl c + Fl c
Fz =

Fy

Fz

xz

cxx

Fx

yz

cyx

zz

czx

Fx

cxy

cyy

czy

Fy

cxz

cyz

czz

Fz

81

cxx cyx czx

Fx

z
y
x

Fy

Fz

Fx

cxy cyy czy

Fy

cxz cyz czz

Fz

l
Unit vector of x

l
Unit vector of y

l
Unit vector of z

[Fg]

l
= [t] [F ]

82

x
1 0 0
t 0 0 1
0 1 0

z
z

0 0 1
t 1 0 0
0 1 0

z
y

0 1 0
t 0 0 1
1 0 0

83

Transformation matrix
g

F = T F

t
T

d8
x

t
z

d2

d5

d11

84

Example 1:
Draw all diagrams for the shown space frame
where E = 1200 kN/cm2, G = 500 kN/cm2 and
the sections are shown in figure

85

200 kN 100 kN
B

40 kN
30x40 cm

10 m

86

Sections Properties
y

cm2

A =2400
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

30x40 cm

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

87

Modeling
C

d6

d3
d5

d2

d1

d4

z
y

x
D
88

Stiffness matrix

k11 k12 k13 k14 k15 k16

K=

k21

k22 k23 k24

k25 k26

k31

k32 k33 k34

k35 k36

k41 k42 k43 k44 k45 k46

k51

k52 k53 k54

k55 k56

k61

k62 k63 k64

k65 k66
89

First element : ( BA)

E = 1200 kN/cm2,
G = 500 kN/cm2
A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

A
B

91

y
y

x
z

z
y

y
x

x
92

y
y
x

x
12EIy

12EIy

L3
6 EIy

L2

L3

EA
L

6 EIy
x

L2

z
y

x
93

E = 1200 kN/cm2

y
x

x
12EIy

12EIy

L3
6 EIy

L2

A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

L3

EA
L

6 EIy
x

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

L2
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

94

E = 1200 kN/cm2

z
x

y
x
z

1200X1200
800

EA
L

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

1,800

95

E = 1200 kN/cm2
A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

12x1200X180,000 x

10003
2.6

12EIy
L3
6 EIy
L2

1,296

6x1200X180,000
10002

96

E = 1200 kN/cm2

12x1200X90,000

6x1200X90,000

10003 12EI
y
1.3

L3

10002
z

y
6 EIy
x

648

L2
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

97

z
y

1,800

2.6

1.3

1,296

648

d6

d2

k11

1,803.9

k21

k31

k41

d3
d5

d1

d4

k51

- 648

k61

-1,296
98

First column in Stiffness matrix

k11

1,803.9

k21

k31

k41

k51

- 648

k61

-1,296

99

Second column in Stiffness matrix

A

d2=1
C
B

z
y

D
100

101

y
x

y
x

z
y

x
102

6 EIy
L2

y
y

x
z

z
12EIy

EA
L

L3

z
6 EIz
L2

z
y

x
12EIz
L3

x
103

E = 1200 kN/cm2 z

6 EIy

L2

y
x
x

z
12EIy

A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

EA
L

L3

z
6 EIz
L2

x
12EIz

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

L3
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

104

E = 1200 kN/cm2 z

y
450
6 EIy

6x1200X40,000

8002

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

L2
x
12x1200X40,000

12EIy
L3

8003
1.1
105

E = 1200 kN/cm2 z

y
y
x
A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

EA
1200X2400
L

1000
2,880

106

E = 1200 kN/cm2 z

12x1200X160,000

10003
1,152
6x1200X160,000
10002

z
6 EIz
L2

2.3

x
12EIz
L3
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

107

E = 1200 kN/cm2 z

450

2,880
1,152

d6

d2

2.3

k12

k22

2,883.4

k32

k42

d3
d5

1.1

d1

d4

1,152

k52

k62

450

108

Second column in Stiffness matrix

k12

k22

2,883.4

k32

k42

1,152

k52

k62

450

109

Third column in Stiffness matrix

A

d3=1
C
B

z
y

D
110

111

d3=1

d3=1
x

y
x

d3=1

z
y

x
112

E = 1200 kN/cm2

d3=1
y

x y

d3=1
x

y
z

EA
L

6 EIz
A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4 12EI
z
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4
L3
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

6 EIz
L2

L2

d3=1

12EIz
L3
A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

113

E = 1200 kN/cm2

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

d3=1
x

6x1200X360,000
6 EIz
L2

12EIz
L3
10.1

8002
4,050

12x1200X360,000

8003
114

E = 1200 kN/cm2

z
x

A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

d3=1
y
z

x
6x1200X1,280,000 6 EI
z
10002
L2
9,216
12EIz

12x1200X1,280,000

L3 18.4

10003
115

E = 1200 kN/cm2

z
x

y
1200X1200 EA
L
1000
1,440

d3=1
z

A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

116

1,440
4,050

9,216

d6

10.1
18.4

d2

k23

k33

1,468.5

k43

d3
d5

k13

d1

d4

k53
k63

9,216
- 4,050

0 117

Third column in Stiffness matrix

k13

k23

k33

1,468.5

k43

9,216

k53

- 4,050

k63

118

Fourth column in Stiffness matrix

A

C
B

d4=1

z
y

D
119

120

y
y

x
z

z
y

y
x

x
121

y
y

x
z

GIx

4 EIz

z
y

6 EIz

4 EIz

L2

y
6 EIz
x

L2

x
122

E = 1200 kN/cm2

y
x

x
z

z
GIx

4 EIz
L

cm2

A =2400
64 EIz 4 EIz
Iz =1,280,000 cm
Iy =180,000 cm4 L2
L
Ix =550,180 cm4
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

6 EIz
x

L2

123

G = 500 kN/cm2

4
1 3.36 b
1 b a b
I p a b3
4

3 16 a 12 a

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

y
x

z
GIx

500X126,435
800

79,022
124

E = 1200 kN/cm2

A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

y
x

4 EIz
L
4x1200X1,280,000

6 EIz

6x1200X1,280,000

1000

L2

10002

6,144,000

9,216
125

E = 1200 kN/cm2

6x1200X160,000

4x1200X160,000
1000

768,000

A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

4 EIz

10002
6 EIz

L
x

L2
1,152
126

z
y

79,022

6,144,000

d6

9,216

d2

k24

1,152

k34

9,216

k44

d3
d5

768,000

k14

d1

d4

6,991,022

k54

k64

127

Fourth column in Stiffness matrix

k14

k24

1,152

k34

9,216

k44

6,991,022

k54

k64

128

Fifth column in Stiffness matrix

A

d5=1
C
B

z
y

D
129

130

y
y

x
z

z
y

y
x

x
131

y
y

x
z

4 EIz

GIx

6 EIz

6 EIy

z
y

L2

L2

4 EIy
L
132

E = 1200 kN/cm2

x
z

GIx
A =2400 cm2
L
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
6 EIy
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4
2
L
2
A =1200 cm
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

4 EIz

6 EIz

L2A =1200 cm2

Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
EIy Ix =126,435 cm4

L
133

E = 1200

kN/cm2

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

y
x
4x1200X360,000

z
4 EIz
6x1200X360,000
8002

6 EIz

4,050

800
2,160,000

L2
134

G = 500

kN/cm2

A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

y
x

500X550,180

GIx

275,090

1000
135

E = 1200 kN/cm2

648
6x1200X90,000 6 EIy
2
2
L
1000

A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

4 EIy

432,000

L
4x1200X90,000
1000

136

2,160,000
4,050
275,090

k15

648

d6

d2

k25

k35

- 4,050

k45

d3
d5

432,000

k55

d1

d4

- 648

k65

0
2,867,090

137

Fifth column in Stiffness matrix

k15

- 648

k25

k35

- 4,050

k45
k55
k65

2,867,090
0

138

Sixth column in Stiffness matrix

A

d6=1
C
B

z
y

D
139

140

y
y

d6=1
z
y

d6=1

d6=1

y
x

x
141

y
d6=1

d6=1 y

GIx

6 EIy

6 EIy

L2

4 EIy
L

z
y

4 EIy

d6=1

L2

x
142

E = 1200 kN/cm2

y
d6=1

d6=1 y

GIx

6 EIy

6 EIy

L2
cm2

4 EIy

4 EIy

A =2400
d6=1
4
Iz =1,280,000 cm
L
4
Iy =180,000 cm
Ix =550,180 cm4
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

y
x

L2

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

143

E = 1200 kN/cm2

A =1200 cm2
Iz =360,000 cm4
Iy =40,000 cm4
Ix =126,435 cm4

6 EIy

6x1200X40,000

y
d6=1

x
z

4x1200X40,000

4 EIy

800

L
240,000

L2
450

8002

144

E = 1200 kN/cm2

A =2400 cm2
Iz =1,280,000 cm4
Iy =180,000 cm4
Ix =550,180 cm4

d6=1 y
x

6x1200X180,000 6 EIy
10002

L2
1,296

4 EIy 4x1200X180,000
1000
L
864,000
145

G = 500 kN/cm2

y
GIx

500X194,385

1000
97,192.5

d6=1
A =1200 cm2
Iz =160,000 cm4
Iy =90,000 cm4
Ix =194,385 cm4

146

97,192.5
450
240,000

1,296
864,000

d6

d2

-1,296

k26

450

k36

k46

d3
d5

k16

d1

d4

k56
k66

0
0

1,201,192.5147

Sixth column in Stiffness matrix

k16

-1,296

k26

450

k36

k46

k56

k66

1,201,192.5

148

k11

1,803.9

k12

k13

k21

k22

2,883.4

k23

k31

k32

k33

1,468.5

k42

1,152

k43

k51

- 648

k52

k53

- 4,050

k61

-1,296

k62

450

k63

k14

k15

- 648

k16

-1,296

k24

1,152

k25

k26

450

k34

9,216

k35

- 4,050

k36

k41

k44

6,991,022

k45

k54

k55

k64

k65

0
2,867,090

k46

9,216

k56

k66

1,201,192.5

149

K=

1,803.9

- 648

-1,296

2,883.4

1,152

450

1,468.5

9,216

- 4,050

1,152

9,216

6,991,022

- 648

- 4,050

2,867,090

-1,296

450

1,201,192.5

150

Force vector
A

200 kN 100 kN
B

40 kN
30x40 cm

10 m

151

200 kN
250

100 kN
100

250

100

50
20

100

100

50

20
50

40 kN
50

Fixed End Reaction

(FER)
152

200 kN
250

100 kN
100

250

100

50
20

100

100

50

20

50

40 kN
50

Fixed End Action

(FEA)
153

200 kN
250

d6
d3

d5 d
2

100 kN
d1

100

d4

250

100

50
20

100

100
20

50

F1

20

F2

F3

- 150

F4

40 kN
50

- 250

F5

100

F6

- 50154

Stiffness Equation

F=KD
20

1,803.9

- 648

-1,296

d1

2,883.4

1,152

450

d2

- 150

1,468.5

9,216

- 4,050

d3

1,152

9,216

6,991,022

d4

100

- 648

- 4,050

d5

- 50

-1,296

450

- 250

2,867,090
0

1,201,192.5

d6

155

Stiffness Equation
D = K-1 F
-1

d1

1,803.9

- 648

-1,296

20

d2

2,883.4

1,152

450

d3

1,468.5

9,216

- 4,050

- 150

1,152

9,216

6,991,022

- 250

d5

- 648

- 4,050

100

d6

-1,296

450

d4

2,867,090
0

1,201,192.5

- 50

156

Deformations

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

157

Internal Forces

Normal Force

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

N= E A D
L

158

Internal Forces

Normal Force

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3

d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

z
1,800 EA
L

NBC = 1,800x.0011027 = 2 kN compression

159

Internal Forces

Normal Force

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3

y
x

d1

d4

z
2,880

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

EA
L

NBA = 2,880x.000035 = 0.1 kN tension

160

Internal Forces
1,440
EA
L

d5 d
2

d3=1

Normal Force

d6
d3
d1

d4

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3

d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

NBD = 1,440x0.103072 = 148.4 kN compression

161

Normal Force

Internal Forces

C
A

0.1

B
0.1

148.4
B

D
148.4

162

Normal Force

Internal Forces
A

C
0.1

148.4

D
163

Internal Forces

Torsional Moment

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

T = G Ix qt
L

164

Internal Forces

T = G Ix qt
L

Torsional Moment

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

GIx
L

79,021.9
TBC = 79,021.9x1.0012x10-4 = 7.9 kNm
165

Internal Forces

Torsional Moment

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

T = G Ix qt
L

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

GIx 275,090
L

TBA = 275,090x-1.0823x10-4 = - 29.77 kNm

166

Internal Forces
GIx
L

97,192.5
d6=1

Torsional Moment

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

T = G Ix q t
L

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

TBD = 97,192.5x-2.9715x10-5 = - 2.89 kNm

167

Internal Forces

Torsional Moment
C

29.77

7.9

B
29.77

7.9

2.89
B

D
2.89

168

Internal Forces

Torsional Moment

7.9

29.77

2.89

D
169

Internal Forces

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d3=1

d4
d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3

4,050

6 EIz
L2

4,050

d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

170

Internal Forces

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4
d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3

2 EIz

4 EIz

L
1,080,000

d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

L
2,160,000
171

Internal Forces

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3
d5 d
2

100 kN

d1

d4
d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3

100

d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

100

172

Internal Forces
C

d3=1

d2

- 0.000035

d3

4,050
B

d1

Bending moment
0.011027
In Plan

4,050

d4

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

100

1,080,000
2,160,000

100

MBC = 100+4,050 d3 2,160,000 d5

MBC = 100+4,050x-.103072 2,160,000x-1.0823x10-4
MBC = - 83.66 kNm
173

Internal Forces
C

d3=1

d2

- 0.000035

d3

4,050
B

d1

Bending moment
0.011027
In Plan

4,050

d4

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

100

1,080,000
2,160,000

100

MCB = -100+4,050 d3 1,080,000 d5

MCB = -100+4,050x-.103072 1,080,000x-1.0823x10-4
MCB = - 400.55 kNm
174

Internal Forces

100 kN

Bending moment
In Plan
C

B
400.55
83.66

50 + (400.55+83.66)/8
110.53

50 - (400.55+83.66)/8
10.53
175

Internal Forces
d3
9,216
d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3
d5 d
2
=1

d1

d4

200 kN

250

6 EIz
L2
9,216

250

3,072,000 4 EIz
L
6,144,000

MBA = 250+9,216 d3 + 6,144,000 d4

MBA = 250+9,216x-.103072+ 6,144,000x1.0012x10-4
MBA = - 84.77 kNm

176

Internal Forces
d3
9,216
d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3
d5 d
2
=1

d1

d4

200 kN

250

6 EIz
L2
9,216

250

3,072,000 4 EIz
L
6,144,000

MAB = -250+9,216 d3 + 3,072,000 d4

MAB = -250+9,216x-.103072+ 3,072,000x1.0012x10-4
MAB = - 892.3 kNm

177

Internal Forces

d5 d
2

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3
d1

d4

200 kN

892.3

100 + (892.3+84.77)/10
197.71

84.77

100 - (892.3+84.77)/10
2.29
178

Internal Forces

d5 d
2

1,152

4 EIz
L

6 EIz

768,000

L2
1,152

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3

384,000

d1

d4
d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

D
MBD = 1,152 d2 + 768,000 d4
MBD = 1,152x-.000035+ 768,000x1.0012x10-4
MBD = 76.85 kNm

179

Internal Forces

d5 d
2

1,152

4 EIz
L

6 EIz

768,000

L2
1,152

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3

384,000

d1

d4
d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

D
MDB = 1,152 d2 + 384,000 d4
MDB = 1,152x-.000035+ 384,000x1.0012x10-4
MDB = 38.41 kNm

180

Internal Forces

Bending moment
In Plan

d6
d3
d5 d
2

d1

d4

B
(76.85+38.41)/10

76.85

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

11.53

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

38.41
D

11.53
181

Internal Forces
A

Bending moment
In Plan

200 kN

100 kN

892.3
B

B
197.71

400.55
84.77

110.53
2.29

83.66
10.53

76.85

11.53

38.41

11.53

182

D
183

D
184

Internal Forces

d5 d
2

450
450
6 EIy
L2

Bending moment
Out of Plan

d6
d3
d1

d4

d6=1
C

4 EIy 120,000

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

L
240,000

MBC = 450 d2 + 240,000 d6

MBC = 450x-.000035 + 240,000x-2.9715x10-5
MBC = - 7.15 kNm
185

Internal Forces

d5 d
2

450
450
6 EIy
L2

Bending moment
Out of Plan

d6
d3
d1

d4

d6=1
C

4 EIy 120,000

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

L
240,000

MCB = 450 d2 + 120,000 d6

MCB = 450x-.000035 + 120,000x-2.9715x10-5
MCB = - 3.58 kNm
186

Internal Forces

Bending moment
Out of Plan
3.58
1.34

7.15

(7.15+3.58)/8
1.34

187

Internal Forces
A

d5 d
2

B
6 EIy
1,296 L2
1,296

Bending moment
Out of Plan

d6
d3
d1

d6=1
432,000 4 EIy

L
864,000

d4

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

50

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

40 kN

50

MBA = 50-1,296 d1 + 864,000 d6

MBA = 50-1,296x.011027 + 864,000x-2.9715x10-5
MBA = 10.04 kNm
188

Internal Forces
A

d5 d
2

B
6 EIy
1,296 L2
1,296

Bending moment
Out of Plan

d6
d3
d1

d6=1
432,000 4 EIy

L
864,000

d4

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

50

- 0.103072
1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

40 kN

50

MAB = -50-1,296 d1 + 432,000 d6

MAB = -50-1,296x.011027 + 432,000x-2.9715x10-5
MAB = - 77.13 kNm
189

Internal Forces
77.13

Bending moment
Out of Plan

20+(77.13-10.04)/10
26.71

10.04

20-(77.13-10.04)/10
13.29
40 kN

190

Internal Forces

d5 d
2

B
6 EIy

d1

d4

648
4 EIy 432,000
L

L2
D

Bending moment
Out of Plan

d6
d3

648
216,000

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

MBD = 648 d1 - 432,000 d5

MBD = 648x.011027 - 432,000x-1.0823x10-4
MBD = 53.9 kNm
191

Internal Forces

d5 d
2

B
6 EIy

d1

d4

648
4 EIy 432,000
L

L2
D

Bending moment
Out of Plan

d6
d3

648
216,000

d1

0.011027

d2

- 0.000035

d3
d4

- 0.103072

1.0012x10-4

d5

-1.0823x10-4

d6

-2.9715x10-5

MDB = 648 d1 - 216,000 d5

MDB = 648x.011027 - 216,000x-1.0823x10-4
MDB = 30.52 kNm
192

Internal Forces
B
(53.9+30.52)/10
8.44

8.44

Bending moment
Out of Plan

53.9

30.52

193

Internal Forces

Bending moment
Out of Plan

77.13

3.58

7.15

10.04
B

1.34

26.71

40 kN
1.34

13.29

53.9

8.44
8.44

30.52
194

D
195

D
196

D
197

Internal Forces

Bending moment
10.53

10.04 2.29

7.15

29.77
13.29
84.77

2.89

0.1

1.34

7.9
2

83.66

148.4
76.85

53.9

8.44
11.53
198

Internal Forces

Torsional Moment
C

29.77

7.9

B
29.77

7.9

2.89
B

D
2.89

199

200

201

202

Summary

203

d2

d3
d1

204

D1

EA
L

EA
L

D1

EA
L

EA
L
205

6 EI D
L2
6 EI D
L2

12 EID
L3

12 EID
L3
206

6 EI D
L2
6 EI D
L2

12 EID
L3

12 EID
L3
207

3 EI D
L2
D

3 EI D
L3

3 EI D
L3
208

3 EI D
L2
D

3 EI D
L3

3 EI D
L3
209

4 EI q
L

2 EI q
L
6 EI q
L2

6 EI q
L2

210

2 EI q
L

4 EI q
L
6 EI q
L2

6 EI q
L2

211

3 EI q
L

3 EI q
L2

3 EI q
L2

212

3 EI q
L
3 EI q
L2

3 EI q
L2

213

Horizontal
Deformation

EA cos q sin q 12EI sinq cosq

EA cos2 q 12EI sin2q

+
L3
L

6EI sinq
L2

6EI sinq
L2

L3

EA cos2 q 12EI sin2q

+
L3
L

EA cos q sin q 12EI sinq cosq

L
6EI sinq
L2

L3

214

Vertical
Deformation

EA sin2 q
12EI cos2q
+
L3
L

6EI cosq
L2

6EI cosq
L2

EA sinq cosq 12EI cosq sinq

L3

EA sinq cosq 12EI cosq sinq

L3
L
EA sin2 q
12EI cos2q
+
L3
L

6EI cosq
L2
215

Rotational
Deformation

4 EI
L

6 EI sin q
L2

6 EI cos q
L2

S
2 EI
L

S
S

6 EI sin q
L2
6 EI cos q
L2

4 EI
L

216

Db

Internal forces

Normal Force

Db

Da

Da

E
A
N=
( D b - D a ) cos q + ( D b - D a ) sin q ]
[
x
x
y
y
L
217

Internal forces
Bending moment
2 EI ( 2 q + q - 3 D )
MAB= M(FER) AB +
B
A
L
L
2 EI ( q + 2 q - 3 D )
B
MBA= M(FER) BA +
A
L
L

218

Questions
219