HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG KHOA VIN THNG I

N TT NGHIP
ti:
TM HIU V MNG V TUYN AD-HOC
Gio vin hng dn : TS. V Vn Tha Sinh vin thc hin : H Vit Nh

Lp
H Ni: 4/2012

: H09VT7

Chng 1. Tng quan v mng v tuyn

Chng 2. M hnh kin trc mng khng dy 802.11

Chng 3. nh tuyn trong mng v tuyn Ad-hoc
4

Kt lun

Cng vi s pht trin ca mng c dy truyn thng, mng khng dy cng ngy cng c quan tm, u t nghin cu v pht trin. Mng khng dy c chia thnh 2 m hnh: m hnh mng khng dy c c s h tng v mng khng dy khng c c s h tng

Tng quan v mng khng dy

 Mng WLAN: l mng cc b kt

ni hai hay nhiu my tnh vi nhau thng qua vic s dng sng hng ngoi hoc sng v tuyn truyn d liu. Mng WLAN c 2 dng kin trc l: WLAN c c s h tng v WLAN khng c c s h tng
Mng WMAN: l mng c quy

Tng qut v cc chun mng khng dy

Mng WPAN: Chun 802.15 vi cc tc

truyn d liu khc nhau nh: 802.15.1 c tc truyn d liu trung bnh, 802.15. 3 c tc truyn d liu cao, 802.15.4 c tc truyn d liu thp c IEEE a ra s dng trong mng WPAN

m ln hn WLAN, c th bao ph mt khu th nh mt thnh ph, mt qun, huyn hay mt khu dn c no . Mng ny s dng cng ngh dnh cho mng din rng c tc truyn dn cao v kh nng khng li mnh.

u im

Nhc im

Thun li Linh ng Hiu qu trong cng vic D thit k v trin khai D dng m rng Tnh bn vng

Tnh bo mt km hn trong mng c dy Hiu qu hot ng ca mng thp hn Cht lng dch v thp Chi ph cho cc thit b cao Phm vi ph sng nh

 Mng WLAN c c s h tng v mng Ad-hoc

Mng WLAN c c s h tng l mng c cc node mng truyn thng vi nhau s dng mt thit b trung tm gi l AP (Access Point) hay cn gi l BS (Base Station)

Mng khng dy di ng Ad-hoc l mng khng dy trong cc node mng c th di chuyn t do v khng ph thuc vo bt k node mng hay thit b mng no. Cc node mng c th truyn thng trc tip vi nhau

Thit b t tr u cui Phn chia hot ng nh tuyn a ng c im ca mng Ad-hoc

Cu hnh ng Dao ng v dung lng lin kt Ti u ha cho thit b u cui

V d v mng Ad-hoc

Time =t1 Good link: Weak link:

Time =t2 Good link: Weak link:

 ng dng ca mng Ad-hoc

Mng ni b Lnh vc qun s Lnh vc thng mi Phn loi mng Ad-hoc

Theo cch thc nh tuyn Signal-hop Multi-hop

Theo chc nng node ng cp Phn cp Kt hp

 M hnh kin trc mng khng dy so vi m hnh OSI

Chun 802.11 m t tng vt l v tng iu khin truy cp mi trng. Tng vt l chia lm 2 thnh phn l giao thc hi t vt

l PLCP v thnh phn c lp

mi trng truyn PMD. Cc chun giao thc IEEE 802 v m hnh OSI Cc ng dng lp trn coi cc trm khng dy nh cc trm c dy. Trong hnh trn, phn trn ca lp lin kt d liu l tng lin kt logic c chc nng che i s khc bit ca tng MAC v tng vt l gia mng khng dy v c dy

 Lp vt l
C hai k thut tri ph thng dng nht hin nay c s dng ti lp vt l

l: k thut tri ph nhy tn FHSS v k thut tri ph tun t trc tip DSSS. Ngoi
ra tng vt l cn c thm k thut ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao

K thut tri ph nhy tn

L k thut cho php nhiu mng khng dy c th cng tn ti trong mt vng ph sng bng cch phn chia cho cc mng s dng nhng di tn s khc nhau Mt khung theo k thut FHSS PHY gm ba phn chnh: Phn giao thc hi t vt l PLCP m u, phn PLCP header lun c nh dng ca mt frame quy nh trong truyn i vi tc 1 Mbps, phn payload FHSS 802.11 PHY cha d liu ca tng trn cn gi i , c th s dng tc truyn 1 hoc 2 Mbps

 K thut tri ph tun t trc tip DSSS

L k thut c tc cao, d ci t, kh nng chng nhiu mnh v khng nh hng bi c tnh truyn sng theo nhiu ng.

Mi knh trong DSSS l mt di tn

s lin tc rng 22MHz, c tn s sng mang cch nhau 3MHz

Cc knh v di tn s hot ng trng nhau ng k

Trong cng mt khu vc vt l, cc knh c b tr cch nhau 5 knh trnh nhiu h thng

Cc knh khng xung t nhau khi cng mt khu vc nh dng ca mt khung theo chun DSSS gm ba phn nh FHSS: PLCP m u, PLCP header v payload nh dng ca mt frame quy nh trong DSSS 802.11

K thut OFDM

khc phc nhc im ca FDM th OFDM tri d liu cn truyn trn nhiu sng mang, cc sng mang ny trc giao vi nhau. Cng ngh OFDM h tr truyn s liu tc cao v tng hiu qu quang ph

Cc sng mang con trc giao trong min tn s

Lp iu khin truy cp mi trng truyn MAC

Trong mng WLAN c ba phng thc truy cp chnh l: a truy cp cm nhn sng mang trnh xung t CSMA/CA Chc nng cng tc phn tn DCF Chc nng cng tc im PCF

Tng MAC v tng vt l theo chun 802.11

Giao thc truy cp CSMA/CA

nh ngha cc khong thi gian truy cp mi trng truyn

SIFS (khong thi gian ngn): u tin cho ACK, CTS, tn hiu tr li PIFS: khong thi gian gia cc dch v dng PCF c AP DIFS: u tin thp nht dng cho dch v d liu khng ng b

Minh ha v khong tranh chp truy cp CSMA/CA

Minh ha v giao thc truy cp CSMA/CA vi 5 trm

Gi d liu unicast theo CSMA/CA

Gi d liu unicast theo DFWMAC

Phn mnh gi tin d liu unicast theo DFWMAC

Chc nng phi hp phn tn

DCF s dng giao thc CSMA/CA

DCF s dng gi tin RTS/CTS

DCF s dng gi tin RTS/CTS gii quyt vn Hidden Terminal Hin tng u cui n

Hin tng u cui n

Gii quyt hin tng u cui n

Hin tng trm cui l

Hin tng trm cui l

Gii quyt hin tng trm cui l

Chc nng phi hp theo im PCF

Chc nng ny i hi phi c mt im truy cp kim sot qu trnh truy cp mi trng truyn v qun l cc trm trong mng khng dy. V vy k thut ny ko c s dng trong mng Ad-hoc

Chu k hot ng ca PCF

Yu cu i vi thut ton nh tuyn trong mng Ad-hoc

Ph hp vi tnh ng ca topo mng v cc lin kt bt i xng Hot ng phn tn

Tnh ton n vn nng lng v bng thng ca mng

Trnh hin tng lp nh tuyn Thit lp nhng vng mng nh Bo mt

Phn loi cc giao thc nh tuyn

Phn loi cc giao thc nh tuyn trong mng Ad-hoc

1
nh tuyn iu khin theo bng ghi: Duy tr thng tin nh tuyn cp nht lin tc t cc node mng n mi node mng khc nh s dng mt hay nhiu bng ghi lu tr thng tin nh tuyn. Pht qung b cc thng tin cp nht nh tuyn qua mng duy tr tm kim sot mng lin tc

2
nh tuyn theo yu cu khi pht t ngun: Ch to ra khm ph tuyn khi node mng ngun cn n. Khi mt node mng yu cu mt tuyn n ch, n phi khi u mt qu trnh khm ph tuyn. Khi mt tuyn c khm ph v thit lp t cc d liu c th c gi theo tuyn va c khm ph

3
Phng php lai ghp: Phn chia mng thnh vng, mi vng c quan tm bi node trung tm v node bin. nh tuyn trong vng s dng phng php nh tuyn theo bng ghi, nh tuyn ngoi vng s dng nh tuyn theo yu cu khi pht t ngun

nh tuyn theo vector khong cch tun t ch DSDV

Destination A B C D E Next hop B B B D F F F F Metric 2 1 2 0 2 1 2 3 Seq. Nr S406_A S218_B S564_C S710_D S392_E S076_F S128_G S050_H Install Time T001_D T001_D T001_D T001_D T002_D T001_D T002_D T002_D Stable Data Ptr1_A Ptr1_B Ptr1_C Ptr1_D Ptr1_E Ptr1_F Ptr1_G Ptr1_H

Minh ha bng nh tuyn ca DSDV

F G H

Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV)

AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) l giao thc nh tuyn da trn thut ton vector khong cch ti thiu ha s bn tin qung b cn thit bng cch to ra cc tuyn trn c s theo yu cu, ngc vi vic duy tr mt danh sch hon chnh cc tuyn nh thut ton DSDV.

Qu trnh khm ph tuyn trong AODV

nh tuyn ngun ng DSR

Giao thc ny gm hai giai on chnh: khm ph tuyn v duy tr tuyn

nh tuyn ngun ng DSR

Trong n ny, em nghin cu v chun mng khng dy 802.11, tp trung tm hiu v mng ty bin di ng Ad-hoc v cc giao thc nh tuyn c s dng trong mng Ad-hoc. Trong khun kh bi thuyt trnh, em trnh by mt s giao thc nh tuyn nh: nh tuyn vector khong cch tun t ch DSDV, giao thc nh tuyn AODV v nh tuyn ngun ng DSR. Da trn nhng kt qu ban u ca n, hng nghin cu v pht trin tip theo ca em l:
nh gi cc giao thc nh tuyn qua vic thc hin m phng Tm hiu v bo hiu trong mng Ad-hoc Nghin cu vn bo mt trong mng Ad-hoc

Do thi gian cn hn ch v nn tng l thuyt cha vng nn n cn nhiu thiu st. Em mong nhn c s gp tn tnh ca cc thy c v cc bn n c hon thin hn.