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Topic of Presentation

CRAY XE6
Presented By: Abdul Samad Khan CE-2009-238 Sec: D Presented to: Sir Saquib
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WHAT IS SUPER COMPUTER?

A type of computer which is used to focus the applications that requires large mathematical and difficult calculations at frontline of processing capacity is known as Super computer. Introduced in the 1960s and were designed primarily bySeymour CrayatControl Data Corporation(CDC), and later atCray Research. TheCDC6600, released in 1964, is generally considered the first supercomputer.
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SOME SUPER COMPUTERS

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K comput er

IBM Road Runner

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Blue Gene L

The Earth Simulator

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TYPES OF SUPER COMPUTERS

There are three main categories of general purpose supercomputers:

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Vector processing machines Tightly connected cluster computers Commodity computers

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Vector processing machines

Vector processor, or array processor, is, a CPU that is able to run mathematical operations on a large number of data elements very quickly. A vector processor is opposite of a scalar processor, which can only do one element at a time. Vector processors were common in the scientific sector of computing, thats where they invented the basis of most supercomputers through the 1980s and some of the 1990s. In todays supercomputers, almost all CPUs include some vector processing instructions usually known as SIMD

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cluster computers
A computer cluster is a group of connected computers that work together as a unit. One of the most popular examples is a cluster with nodes running Linux as the operating system and free software to implement the parallelism. This example is often referred to as a Beowulf cluster. Beowulf clusters are usually used for performance reasons. Two-node clusters are usually used for faulttolerance.

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Commodity computers
A large number of commodity PCs interconnected by high-bandwidth low-latency local area networks

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Pros And Cons Of Supercomputers

There are many advantages of super computers which are really important for our daily life but at the same time where these computers have great advantages some disadvantages are also present. Speed, Performance. Cost, space, heat generation

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ADVANTAGES OF SUPER COMPUTER

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They can replace experimentation in the cases where experiments are hazardous, expensive or even impossible to perform or with the help of instruments. to design engineered products such as automotive, aerospace, Nano-technology, and also new material designs by using up to 10,000 atoms. are used to calculate and show the conditions, temperature, speed, voltages etc. like we might be see in a power plant, traffic control office etc. use is of strategic importance to

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DISADVANTAGES OF SUPER COMPUTER

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The construction of Supercomputers is an incredibly expensive task because user is charged according to no. of processors. They are not portable and are very specialized.

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COMMON APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCOMPUTERS

Due to their high speed processing ability of Super computers there are several applications of such computers:
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Scientific and research works, Graphics animation, Weather forecasting, Work of nuclear research, Petroleum research works, Molecular modeling, Crypt analysis. The IBMBlue Gene/P computer has been used to simulate a number of artificial neurons equivalent to approximately one percent of a human cerebral cortex, containing 1.6 billion neurons with approximately 9 trillion connections. The same research group also succeeded in using a supercomputer to simulate a number of artificial neurons equivalent to the entirety of a rat's brain. Modern-day weather forecasting also relies on supercomputers. TheNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationuses supercomputers to crunch hundreds of millions of observations to help make weather forecasts more 12 12

Stages of super computer applications

Decade 1970s 1980s Uses and computer involved Weather forecasting, aerodynamic research (Cray-1). Probabilistic analysis, radiation shielding modeling(CDC Cyber). Brute force code breaking (EFF DES cracker),3D nuclear test simulations as a substitute for legal conductNuclear Proliferation Treaty(ASCI Q). Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Tianhe-1A)

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1990s

2010s

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CRAY XE6

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TheCrayXE6, codenamedBakerduring development An enhanced version of theCray XT6supercomputer, officially announced on 25 May 2010. The XE6 uses the same computebladefound in the XT6, witheight- or 12-coreOpteron6100 processors giving up to 2,304 cores per cabinet. Replaces theSeaStar2+interconnect router used in theCray XT5and XT6 with the faster and more scalableGeminirouterASIC. Each XE6 node has two processor sockets and either 32 or 64 GB ofDDR3 SDRAMmemory. The XE6 runs theCray Linux Environmentversion 3.

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PLACE OF INSTALLATION
The

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Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico (CSCS) in Manno, near Lugano, and is the Swiss National supercomputing Centre.

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INSTALLED MACHINE
The single cabinet, 20 blade system, contains 160 compute sockets and uses the new 2.1GHz, 12-core AMD Opteron (aka Magny-Cours) CPUs for a total of 1920 compute cores. The machine, which has been named Piz Palu, has a theoretical peak performance of 16TFlop/s and 2.5 Terabytes of memory.
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REPRESENTATIVE FLYNN'SCLASS

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MIMD-Multiple Instructions Multiple DataStream Multiple autonomous processors simultaneously executing different instructions on different data.

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MANUFACTURER

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Cray - The Supercomputer Company Cray supercomputers provide superior sustained performance on critical applications, scalability to handle larger problems and the reliability to run jobs to completion. Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, Cray employs approximately 800 people worldwide, with additional research and manufacturing facilities in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and sales and service locations around the world.

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SPECIFICATION OF PROCESSORS

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16-core 64-bit AMD Opteron 6200 Series processors; up to 192 per cabinet 64k L1 instruction cache 64k L1 data cache 512 KB L2 cache per processor core 12 MB shared L3 cache

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OPERATING SYSTEM

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Cray Linux Environment Components include SUSE Linux SLES11, HSS and SMW software Linux-based operating system designed to run large complex applications and scale efficiently to more than 500,000 processor cores. The Linux environment features a compute kernel which can be configured to match different workloads. Extreme Scalability Mode (ESM) and Cluster Compatibility Mode (CCM)

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CRAY LINUX ENVIRONMENT

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INTERCONNECT USED
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Gemini routing and communications ASIC per two compute nodes switch ports per Gemini chip (160 GB/s switching capacity per chip) (XE6) or 2-D (XE6m) torus interconnect

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3-D

Gemini Scalable Interconnect

The

Gemini interconnect is the heart of the Cray XE6 system. of tens of millions of MPI messages per second, the Gemini ASIC is designed to complement current and future massively multicore processors.
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Capable

POWER SUPPLY + POWER CONSUMPTION

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45-54.1 kW (45.9 - 55.2 kVA) per cabinet, depending on configuration Circuit requirements: three-phase wye, 100 AMP at 480/277 and 125 AMP at 400/230 (three-phase, neutral and ground)

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PEAK AND MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

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Cray XE6 8-core 2.4 GHz Cores:107152 Rmax(GFlops):816600 Rpeak(GFlops):1028659.2 Cray XE6 12-core 2.1 GHz Cores:153408 Rmax(GFlops):1054000 Rpeak(GFlops):1288627.2
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MAJOR PURPOSE OF DESIGN

Brings production petascale to a wider HPC community and fundamentally changes how Cray systems communicate. Designed to scale to over 1 million processor cores, every aspect of the Cray XE6 supercomputer from its industry-leading resiliency features to its host of scalability boosting technologies. Has been engineered to meet sciences evertoughening demands for scalability, reliability and flexibility.
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UNIQUE FEATURES RELATED TO DESIGN

SCALABLE PERFORMANCE

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Gemini Scalable Interconnect Capable of tens of millions of MPI messages per second, the Gemini ASIC is designed to complement current and future massively multicore processors. Scalable Software The Cray XE6 system ships with Cray Linux Environment (CLE), a suite of high performance software including a SUSE Linux-based operating system designed to run large, complex applications and scale to more than 1 million processor cores.
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PRODUCTION RELIABILITY

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Integrated Hardware Supervisory System An independent system with its own control processors and supervisory network, the HSS monitors and manages all major hardware and software components in the Cray XE6 supercomputer. Cray XE6 System Resiliency Features The Gemini interconnect is designed for large systems in which failures are to be expected and applications must run to successful completion in the presence of errors. Gemini uses error correcting code (ECC) to protect major memories and data paths within the device.

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ADAPTIVE SUPERCOMPUTING
Extreme

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Scale and Cluster Compatibility in One System For the first time, users can buy a single machine to run both a highly scalable custom workload and industry-standard ISV workload. for Other File System and Data Management Services Customers can select the Lustre parallel file system or another option, including connecting to an existing parallel file system. Efficiency with ECOphlex Cooling With a standard air- or liquid-cooled High Efficiency cabinet and optional ECOphlex technology, the Cray XE6 system can reduce cooling costs and increase flexibility in

Support

Cray

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First Cray XE6 Supercomputer installed at CSCS

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Workers begin the assembly of Cray X system

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Wiring up a Cray XE6

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View of the interconnect being disassembled

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