LESSON 1 WHOLE NUMBERS AND DECIMALS

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

Understand whole numbers. Round whole numbers. Add, subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers. Read and write decimal numbers. Round decimal numbers. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimal numbers.

Understand whole numbers

The whole numbers are the counting numbers inclusive of 0. For example; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 100, 1000 The position of a digit in a number written in standard form determines the actual value the digit represents. The table below shows the place value for various positions.

continuation
Place (underlined) Name of position

1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000

Ones (units) Tens Hundreds Thousands

1 000 000
1 000 000 1 000 000

Ten thousands
Hundred thousands Millions

Rounding whole numbers. Rule of rounding Identify the position to be rounded. Draw a line under that place. If the digit to the right of the number to be rounded is 5 or more, increase by 1 (round up); if 4 or less, do not change. Change all digits to the right of the number to be rounded to zero

Activities

Round 324 to the nearest hundred. Answer: 300 Round 5, 897 to the nearest thousand. Answer: 6,000 Round 558,024,521 to the nearest ten thousand. Answer: 558, 020,000

Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of whole numbers numbers Addition of whole
To add whole numbers, each unit should be justified to the right. Example In one week, Maryam earned the following commissions: Monday, RM 124; Tuesday, RM 88; Wednesday, RM 62; Thursday, RM 137; Friday, RM 195. Find her total commissions for the week.

Contd
Solution: Her total commissions for the week are: RM 124 + RM 88 + RM 62 + RM 137 + RM 195 = RM 606 Subtracting whole numbers To find the difference between two different numbers requires subtracting a number called subtrahend from another number called minuend.

Contd..

Example In December 2008, the landlord of an apartment received RM 720 from each of eight tenants. After paying RM 2,180 in quit rent, how much money left with landlord? Solution: Total money received by the landlord: RM 720 + RM 720 + RM 720 + RM 720 + RM 720 + RM 720 + RM 720 + RM 720 = RM 5,760

Contd
Alternatively, RM720 x 8 = RM 5, 760 Total money that the landlord has left is: RM 5,760 RM 2,180 = RM 3,580

Multiplication of whole numbers

Multiplication is considered as a short cut method to add a series of similar values. The output is called product. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15 or 3 x 5 = 15

Example A spa business owner buys three massage beds at RM 1,540 each, five face lifting machine at RM 695 each, and eight magnifying lamps at RM 38 each. Find the total cost of the equipment purchased. Solution: Total cost of the equipment purchased is: (RM 1,540 x 3) + (RM 695 x 5) + (RM 38 x 8) = RM 8,399

 Division of whole numbers Dividing whole numbers will determine how many times one number or a quantity is contained in another. If the divisor does not divide evenly into the dividend, there will be remainder. Example At a recent garage sale, the total sales were RM 584. If the said amount of money is divided equally among four people, Thava, Rosnah, Maria, and Husin, how much each of them received?

RM 584 RM 146 4

Decimal Numbers

A decimal number is any number written with a decimal point. Decimal points separate the whole units on the left from the decimal units on the right. Whole unit Decimal units 456. 257 Any number written to the right of the decimal point is called a decimal fraction. The place value of the digits to the right of the decimal point is shown below:

Place (underlined)

Name of position

.1

Tenths

. 01

Hundredths

. 001

Thousandths

. 0001

Ten thousandths

. 00001

Hundred thousandths

. 000001

Millionths

. 0000001

Ten millionths

Addition of decimals
The decimal system is positional, the value of a digit depends on its position as well as on its numeric value. To add decimal, you must align the decimal points at the same position. Add 9.38, 4.6, 15.927, and 3.087 Solution: 9.38 + 4.6 + 15.927 + 3.087 = 32.994

Subtraction of decimals
Subtraction requires that the decimal points be aligned, similar to addition. Subtract 25.98 from 33.285. Solution: 33.285 - 25.98 = 6.305

Multiplication of decimals

Decimals are multiplied as if they were whole numbers. (It is not necessary to line up the decimal points). Once a multiplied product has been determined, the number of decimal places equals the sum of the decimal places in the factors. Example Multiply 6.34 with 4.62. 6.34 x 4.62 = 29.2908

Division of decimals

When the divisor is a whole number, place the decimal point in the quotient (the answer) directly above the decimal point in the dividend (the number being divided). Then divide as usual. Example 35.52/ 32 = 1. 101 When the divisor contains a decimal fraction, convert the divisor to a whole number.