Amity School of Business

Amity School of Business

BBAGEN, SEMESTER II
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (BBAHR-10201) Ms. Ranjana Sharma

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MODULE II
Individual Behaviour:
Individual Differences; Personality and Theories of Personality; Perception; Learning and Behaviour reinforcement; Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning.
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Personality
The word "personality" originates from the Latin word persona, which means mask. Personality = acquired attributes and quality through learning.
perception learning

personality
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Personality Definitions
According to Allport Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environment. Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognition, motivations, and behaviours in various situations (Ryckman, 2004).
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Personality is the unique and relatively stable pattern of behaviours, thoughts,and emotions shown by individuals. In most cases both persons and situations play roles in determining behaviour in an organization. Personality Develops over a persons lifetime. Generally stable in the context of work. Can influence career choice, job satisfaction, stress, leadership, and even performance.
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The Nature of Personality

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Heredity
Heredity has a great influence on biological and mental features. Heredity refers to the transfer of personal characteristics from father or mother to their children.

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Environment
The components of environment are culture, religion, family, school and place of work. The internal and external environment of the organisation creates a certain type of work behaviour at work. Government policies and social systems, influence personality.

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Situation
A situation is an antecedent to behaviour. Situation plays a vital role in personality development. A person having a pleasant personality may develop anger in a confronting situation.

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Theories
Psychodynamic Theories 1.Freuds Theory 2. MBTI Trait Theories Big Five Model Cattells Theory Personality Job-Fit Theory
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Psychoanalytic Approach
Developed by Sigmund Freud. Theory :approaches personality from a the small part that shows on the surface of the water represents conscious experience, while the much larger mass below water level represents the unconscious- a store house for impulses, passions and primitive instincts. Viewpoint that the human mind was an iceberg.
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PERSONALITY: by FREUD
He made a tripartite division of personality composed of:
Id, ego and superego. This division is known as the structural model of mental life.
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MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)

Carl Jung is known for the theory behind MBTI. IT IS A 100 ITEM instrument developed by Myers and Briggs , Sixteen personality types are generated by the instrument.

These 16 types are based on the combination of four aspects Extroversion & Introversion Sensing & Intuiting Thinking & Feeling Judging & Perceiving
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ISTJ ISTP ISFJ ISFP

ESTJ
ESTP ESFJ ESFP

INTJ INTP INFJ INFP

ENTJ ENTP ENFJ ENFP

COMBINATIONS OF 4 JUNGIAN ASPECTS FOR 16 PERSONALITY TYPES.

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ASPECTS SOURCE OF ENERGY

FEATURES
Outgoing, speaks then thinks.

Extroversion(E) Reflective, thinks then speaks. Introversion (I) COLLECTING INFORMATION Practical,concrete,work with Sensing (S)
known facts.

Intuiting (I)

Theoritical, abstract, would look for possibilities and relationships than working with known facts.

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ASPECTS DECISION-MAKING Thinking (T) Feeling (F)

FEATURES
Analytical(head), relies more on interpersonal analysis and logic than on personal values.
Subjective (heart), relies more on personal values than on impersonal analysis and logic.

UNDERSTANDING THE WORLD Structured, organised,likes Judging (J) Perceiving (P)

planned and orderly way of life. Flexible, spontaneous.
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Trait theories visualises personality as a reflection of certain traits of the individual. There are some traits that are unique to a individuals. A trait is a consistent, long-lasting tendency in behavior. E.g., shyness, hostility, friendly.

Trait Theories

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Extroversion

The Big Five Personality Model

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability Openness to Experience
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Factor I: Extroversion
Talkative, Assertive, Active, Energetic, Outgoing, Outspoken, Dominant, Forceful, Enthusiastic, Show-off, Sociable, Adventurous, Noisy, Bossy. Introvert: Quiet, Reserved, Shy, Silent, Withdrawn, Retiring.

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Factor II: Agreeableness

Sympathetic, Kind, Appreciative, Affectionate, Soft-hearted, Warm, Generous, Trusting, Helpful, Forgiving, Pleasant, Good-natured, Friendly, Cooperative, Gentle, Unselfish, Praising, Sensitive. versus Fault-finding, Cold, Unfriendly, Quarrelsome, Hard-hearted, Unkind, Cruel, Thankless.
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Factor III: Conscientiousness

Organized, Thorough, Planful, Efficient, Responsible, Reliable, Dependable, Conscientious, Precise, Practical, Deliberate, Painstaking. versus Careless, Disorderly, Frivolous, Irresponsible, Undependable, Forgetful.

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Factor IV:Emotional Stability

Tense, Anxious, Nervous, Moody, Worrying, Touchy, Fearful, High-strung, Self-pitying, Temperamental, Unstable, Self-punishing, Emotional. versus Emotional stability, Emotional control, good emotional quotient.
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Factor V: Openness to Experience

Wide interests, Imaginative, Intelligent, Original, Insightful, Curious, Sophisticated, Artistic, Clever, Inventive, Sharp-witted,, Wise. versus Commonplace, Narrow interests, Simple, Shallow, not intelligent.

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Personality Job-Fit Theory

According to John Holland's theory, most people are one of six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional.

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Hollands Personality-Job Fit Theory

Type
Realistic Investigative Social Conventional Enterprising Artistic

Personality
Shy, Stable, Practical

Occupations
Mechanic, Farmer, Assembly-Line Worker

Analytical, Independent
Sociable, Cooperative Practical, Efficient Ambitious, Energetic Imaginative, Idealistic

Biologist, Economist, Mathematician

Social Worker, Teacher, Counselor Accountant, Manager Bank Teller Lawyer, Salesperson Painter, Writer, Musician

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Holland has proposed a personality- job fit theory . People having careers suitable to their personalities are satisfied and contribute more to their profession. People who resort to careers not suitable to their personalities face many problems.

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ABILITY JOB FIT

Employees Abilities

Ability-Job Fit

Jobs Ability Requirements

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Cattells theory
Cattell produced a standardized test, the 16-Personality Factor (16-PF) test, which could be used to rate individuals on the 16 factors. When the test is administered to groups of people from different occupations, group profiles may emerge. For example, writers tend to be highly imaginative, while airline pilots are tough-minded, and creative artists are intelligent, sensitive, yet controlled.
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16 PF personality traits
Abstractedness imaginative versus practical Apprehension insecure versus complacent Dominance aggressive versus passive Emotional Stability calm and stable versus high-strung and Liveliness enthusiastic versus serious Openness to Change liberal versus traditional Perfectionism compulsive and controlled versus indifferent Privateness pretentious versus unpretentious Reasoning abstract versus concrete Rule Consciousness moralistic versus free-thinking Self-Reliance leader versus follower Sensitivity sensitive versus tough-minded Social Boldness uninhibited versus timid Tension driven and tense versus relaxed and easy going Vigilance suspicious versus accepting Warmth open and warmhearted versus aloof and critical
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Lifestyle Approach
From the point of view of broad life styles two type of personalities have been identified type A and type B. Type A personality characteristics Time Urgency and Impatience Free-Floating Hostility or Aggressiveness impatience, rudeness, being easily upset over small things.
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Type B personality characteristics Never feel urgency and are patient. Relaxed Do not display their achievements

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