MILLION-DOLLAR
MEGAPHONES
Super PACs and Unlimited OutsideSpending in the 2012 Elections
Blair Bowie • Adam Lioz
DĒMOS
Dēmos is a non-partisan public policy research and advocacy organization founded in 2000. Headquar-tered in New York City, Dēmos works with policymakers around the country in pursuit of four overarching goals—a more equitable economy with widely shared prosperity and opportunity; a vibrant and inclusivedemocracy with high levels of voting and civic engagement; an empowered public sector that works for thecommon good; and responsible U.S. engagement in an interdependent world.
U.S. PIRG EDUCATION FUND
U.S. PIRG Education Fund
conducts research and public education on behalf of consumers and the publicinterest. Our research, analysis, reports and outreach serve as counterweights to the inuence of powerfulspecial interests that threaten our health, safety or well-being. With public debate around important issues often dominated by special interests pursuing their own narrow agendas, U.S. PIRG Education Fund oers an independent voice that works on behalf of the public interest.U.S. PIRG Education Fund, a 501(c)(3) organization, works to protect consumers and promote good gov-ernment. We investigate problems, craft solutions, educate the public, and oer meaningful opportunitiesfor civic participation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Te authors would like to thank Dēmos Counsel Liz Kennedy, Dēmos Vice President of Policy & Researchamara Draut, and Dēmos Vice President for Legal Strategies Brenda Wright for input on drafts; DēmosPolicy Analyst Robert Hiltonsmith for data analysis; Jacob Fenton and Lee Drutman at the Sunlight Founda-tion for generously providing data and helping the authors and analyst work with it; U.S. PIRG Democracy Intern Andrew Krawtz for data entry and processing; and Maxwell Holyoke-Hirsch and Christopher Ortizin Dēmos’ Communications Department for design and layout. 220 Fifth Avenue, 2nd FloorNew York, New York 10001Phone: (212) 633-1405Fax: (212) 633-2015info@dēmos.org Lauren Strayer Associate Directorof Communicationslstrayer@dēmos.org (212) 389-1413218 D St. SE, 1st Fl Washington, DC 20003Phone: (202) 546-9707Fax: (202) 546-2461 James Dubick Communications Director james@pirg.org (312) 544-4436 x219
DĒMOS.ORGU.S. PIRG EDUCATION FUND
MILLION-DOLLAR
MEGAPHONES
Super PACs and Unlimited OutsideSpending in the 2012 Elections
Blair Bowie • Adam Lioz
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Million Dollar Megaphones: Half of presidential spending undisclosed
Although each major party presidential candidate will likely break previous fundraising records, the big story of the 2012 election has been the role of Super PACs, nonprofits and outside spending generally.
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