3.2 UNDERSTANDING PRESSURE IN LIQUIDS
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What ispressure inliquid?A liquid in a container exerts pressure because of itsweight.For example, if you try to put your finger over the end of atap when it is turned on, you can feel the pressure of thewater in the pipe.Characteristics of Pressure in a liquid.The pressure at anypoint in a liquid, at aparticular depth, actsequally in alldirections.The pressure in a liquiddoes not depend on thearea of its surface.The pressure in a liquidacts equally in alldirections and does notdepend on the shape of the container.Relate depthto pressurein a liquid .The pressure in a liquid is directlyproportional to the depth.The pressure in a liquid increases withdepth.Relatedensity topressure ina liquidThe pressure in a liquid isdirectly proportional to thedensity of the liquid.Derive the formula for the pressure in aliquid.The container on the right has a base area
A
. It isfilled to a depth
h
with a liquid of density
ρ
.Calculate:(a) volume of liquid = Ah(b)mass of liquid =
ρ
V =
ρ
Ah(c) weight of liquid = mg =
ρ
Ahg(d)force on base =
ρ
Ahg(e) pressure =
gh A Ahg AF
ρ ρ
==
∴
Pressure in liquid =
ρ
gh
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