NON-MODIFIABLE: Age: 36 yrs. Old Formation of air-filled blebs (unknown cause) Sex: M Height:172.

2cm Increased intrathoracic pressure

MODIFIABLE: Smoking Asthma Weight: 54.4kg BMI: 18.2 (Underweight)

Rupture of the blebs due to changes in pressure

Air escapes enters into the pleural space

Decreased breath sounds on the affected lung Hyper resonant when percussed Decreased tactile fremitus

PNEUMOTHORAX
(accumulation of air in the pleural space)

Irritation of sensory nerves in the parietal pleura during deep inspiration.

Pleuritic chest pain Destroys the pressure of the pleural space. Dyspnea orthopnea

Disrupts the equilibrium between elastic recoil forces of the lung & chest wall

Assymetrical chest expansion

Decreased lung expansion on the affected site

Tachypnea