دليل المهندس المقيم للمش اريع الأنشائية

.
.
" "

.
:
:

.
: .

:
)..(
.
:

.
" "
.

.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) ( :
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : ( %

) : (

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) (
) : (
) : (
Some Geotechnical Properties of Soils
:
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
: ) (
) (

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) ( :
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : ( %

) : (

-:
- ) (
- ) - (
) ( .
-

:
- :
- -
) - ( ) (

) ( ) ( .
-
: )

(
.
: ) (
.
) ( .
- :

) ( ) (
.
- :

.
- :

:

) (

- :
) (

.
-
:
.
-
- :
) (

.

) (
.
- :
) ( ) (

) (
.

.

-:
- ) ( )
( .
- -:

-:
- -:

:

:

:

:

:
) GIS
:
(
+
:

:

:
.
:
.
:
- :
:
:
:
:
:

) (
) (

- ) (
-
-
-
- : :
:
:
:
:
:
- -:
-
-
- ) ( )
( .
-
- Primavera , Ms. Project
-
) (

) (
)
(
) ... ( .
-
- ) (
) (
.
-

.
- .
-
) (
) (
.
- -:
-
.
- ) (
.
- ) (As Built

) (CD .
- ) (

.
-:

.
.

.
- ) ( -:
) (

) (
.

.
- ) ( :
) (

.
- :

.
- :
-:
) (
.
) (As Built
.

-

.
- -:
- :

.

.
- :

.

.. .
:
.
:
- :

:
- .
- .
-
.
.
.

.

.
- :

Primavera , Ms Project
- :

-:
-
) ( .
- .
- .
- .

-

) ( .

.
-
-:
- :

.
:
: :

.
: :

- :
)
(

.

.

.

.
-
) (

)
(

.
)

(
.

.
:
- :
: : .
: :
) ( .
) (
:
.
.
.
) ( .
) ( .
) (
.
- :
:
:
) ( .
) (
.
:
.
: .
:
.
:
.
: .
: ) ( ) Check
.(Request
: .
:
.
:
-

.
- :

.
- :

-:
: ) ( .
: .
:
.
- :
:

.
: ) ( Redesign

.
:

.

-

- :

)
( .

.

) (

) ( .

.
) (
.

.

.
-

.

.
:
- :

.
) ( -:
) ( .
% )( .
% ) ( .
% )( .
% : )( .
:
-

) (
)
( .

) (
%
%
%
%

-
.

.

) (
:
-

.
-
.
-
.
.
-
.
-

.
-
) % (
) % (
.
- -:
: .
:
.
:
.
:
.
: .
-

.
- :

) (
.

.

.
- :

.
.

) (
) (

.

). (
-

.
-

.
-

. :
:
-

) (

.
-

)
(
) ( .
-
- ) (
.
- .
-

) ( .
-

) (
).%(
)(
:
)
)
(
( .
- ) (

). (B.M
- .
)(
:
:
:
:
)
.
:
)
( .
)(
)(

)
)
(.
)
.
)
. .
:
:
)(

(
(
)
)
)
(.
)(

- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- )
-
-
- :
(
- )
-
-
- :
- :
- )
- :
- :
- :
)(

)
)
(
(.

(
)
.
)(
/
-
- -:
-
/ /
-
) ( .
- ) (
.
- .
- -:
-
-
-
- / / / /

:

/ / )
( / / :
- .
(
- )

.
)(
/ :

:
- :
- :
-
:
- :
- :
- :
- :
-
:
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :

) ( .
)(

- - :
- :
-

/ /

.
/ /
-
( / /
)

-:
)
)
(
( / /
/ /
-
-:
:
:
:
:
- :
- )(

.

(
)
.
)(

-:
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
:
)(

:
-: .
: ...
)(

/
/
) (A .
)(

..
..
) (B ..
)(
........................................
...........................................
.........................

.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.

.
.

.

) (
.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

..............................
...........................
.............. .......................................
............................
) ()(

..............................
...................................
...............................
.................................
...............................
.................... ............ ...............

..........................................
..........................................................
) (......................................
..........................................................
............................ ...........................
........................
...........................
..........................
.........
.............

................................
)(
-:
) ( .

)(..........................
)(.......................... ........ .....................
)(.................. ........ ........ .................
)( .................. ........ ........ .................
)( .................. ........ ........ ...................
)( .................. ........ ........ ...................
() -: .
) (

......................
.............
.....................
- .......... ............
- ) (

- ) (
- )
( .
- .
- .
......................
.............
.....................
- ) (
.
)(
-:
..
)(

-:
-:
..
- :
- :
--
.
--
.
--
.
- :

.
.
-
-- ) ( .

.
--
.
-- .
-- :
.
-
-- ) (

.
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
---
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ) (.
-
--

.
-- .
--
.
-- .
--
.
--
.
--
.
-
)
(
:
-- :

.
-- ) ( :

.

.
-- .
-- ) ( .
--
.
- : :
) ( :
- .
-- .
-- ) ( .
-
--
.
-- .
-- .
- .
-- .
--
.
- .
--
) ( .
-- ) (--
.
- .
:
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- .
- :
--
:
--- .
---
--- .
--- .
---
.
-- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ) ( .
--- ) ( .
-- :
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--
:
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ) . (COFFER DAMS
---
--- .
--- .
--
.
- :

:
-- .
-- ). (SCAFFOLDING
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- .
- :
-- :
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
-- ) (-- .

(SUB- CONTRACTORS NOMINATED) .
--
) (-

) (
.
-- )(--

:
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ) (SCAFFOLDING .
--- .
---
.
--- .
--
.
-
( NOMINATED SUPPLIERS) .
--
) (- .
-- .
-- .
--
.
- .

.
- .
-- .
-- ) (- .
--
.
- :
:
--
.
.
-- .
--
.
.
--
.
-- :
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
- :
- .
-- .
--
.
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- ) (
.
.
-- .
-
--

.

.
-- )(TRIAL PITS
) (
.
.
-- )(BORE HOLES
--- )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
( .
) : (LINING
.
--- ) ( DRILLING ) (PERCUSSION
) ( DRY BORING ). ( WASH BORING
---
). ( EXTRA OVER
--- .
---
) ( UNDISTURBED SAMPLES .
-- :
.
-
) ) (
) ( ( .
-
--
). ( DREDGING

.
--
)(BULKING
.
-- ) (.
--
). (EXTRA OVER
--
) ( ARBITRARY DATUM
.
--
.
--
-
-- ) .

( .
-- ) ( )(,
) : ) (, ) (, ) ( (
:
--- ) ( .
--- ).( CUTTING
--- .
--- .
--- ) ( FOUNDATION BASES
.
--- ) ( DIAPHRAGM WALLS
-- ) (

) ( .
- ) ( DREDGING

.
-
) (-
)
( .
-- ) ( .
--
) (CONTOURING .
-- ). ( DIAPHRAGM CONNTOURING
-- ). ( FOUNDING STRATA FILLING
--
)(HARDCORE FILLING
- ) (
) ( WATER TABLE .
.
- ). (UNDER PINNING
-- .
--
) ( .
--- .
--- .
--- .
- .
-- ) (
.
-- ) (
.
-- ) (ACCESSORIES ) (TRAP
.
--
) ( .
-- ) (GULLY
.
-- .
-- .
- .
--
.
-- ) (KERBS )(GRATINGS

.
- .
-- ) (
) (
.
-- ) )(GATE POSTS
) (STRAINING POSTS
.
-- .
-- .
- )(LANDSCAPING
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- ) (HEDGES .
-- .
- :
-
--
.
-- .
-- .
-- ) (CUT OFF LEVEL
) (BLIND BORING
.
- )(DRIVEN PILES
-- )
(
. .
-- .
.
-- .
-- .
-- .
- )(BORED PILES
-- ) (
.
.
-- .
-- .
-- .
- ). (PERMANENT SHEET PILES

--
. .
-- ). (--
-- .
- .
-- ) ( .
-- .
- :
-
--

.
--
) (
) ( .
--
.
--

.
- .
--
:
--- )(COMBINED BASES
) (RAFT .
--- .
--- .
--- ) ( .
---
.
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
-- - )(RETAINING WALLS
--- .
--- ) (BRIDGE ABUTEMENTS .

---
:
--- .
--- .
---
---
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
-- ) (BLINDING
.
--
) (RIBBED SLAB
.
-- .
--

.
--
.
-
--
.
--
) (MILD OR HIGH TENSILS ). (DEFORMED
--
) ) (OVERLAP
( .
-
-- :
--- .
--- .
--- ) ( .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ) (
.
--- .
--- ) ( .
-- ) (KERB
.
-- ) (REBATES
.
-- .
-- ) (FAIR FACE
). (EXTRA OVER
-- .
-- .
- ) (
(PREFABRICATED OR PRECAST UNITS ).
-- .
--
.
--
.
-- )
.
--
.
--
.
- ) . (PRESTRESSED
-- .
-- ) (STEEL WIRES
) (JACK
) (PRETENSIONED ) (POST TENSIONED
) (CONDUIT )(GROUTING
.
-- .
--

) (CONES, WEDGES , SPACERS .
.
-- .
- :
-- ) (
.
-- ) (WATER STOP .
-- ) (SINKING .
-- .
-- .
--
.
- :
MASONERY WORK AND PARTITIONS
-
--
.
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- ) (
) ( .
- ) ( .
-- ) (PIERS )
( -:
---
--- .
--- .
--- ) (CAVITY WALLS

.
--- ) . (ISOLATED PIERS
--- ) ( .
-- ) (FACING WORKS
.
--

.
- .
) (BAND .
- .
-- ) (DEMOUNTABLE PARTITIONS
.
.
--
.
--

.
- ) (CUBICLES
.
- .
-- .
-- .
- :
-
-- )(OVERLAPS
.
-- .
-- .
-- )(
.
- .
-- ) ) (TANKING
-:
--- ) (FLAT COVERING ) (
.
) ( .
--- ) ( ) ( .
--- ) ( .
-- ) (APRONS ) (RIDGES
) (FASCIAS .
- .
) (SKY LIGHTS
.
- ) (DPC .
.
- ) (INSULATION
.
- :
-
-- ) ( .
-- .
-- .
-- .
-
--
:
--- ). (GRILLAGES
---
--- .
---
.
--- .
-- ) ) (SPACERS

.
-- ) (GROUTING .
-- ) (HOLDING DOWNBOLTS
.
-- ) ( .
-- ) (PORTAL FRAME / ) (TEUSSES
.
- .
-- ) (FLOOR PLATES
.
-- ) (HAND RAILING .
-- ) (MATWELL FRAME
.
-- ) (CAT LADDER
.
-- .
- :
-
-- ) (.
--
) . (SAWN
--
.
-- .
-- ) (CRAMPS
.
--
.
- .
--
:
--- ). (FLOOR JOISTS
--- .
--- ) (BEARERS ) (KERBS .
-- .
-- ) (TRUSSES
.
- .
--
) ( :
--- .
---
.
--- ) (GUTTER
.
.
-- ) (FIRRING PIECES
.
- .
.
- ). (FITTINGS
--
.
-- ) (ARCHITRAVES
.
-- :
--- ). (WORK TOPS
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
-- .
-- ) ( BUILT IN
.
--
.
-- ) (
:
--- .
---
.
--
. .
-- .
-

. .
- ) ( ) (SET

.
-
-- ) (PLUGGING
.
-- .
-- .
- :
-
.
-
--
) (MATCH BOARDED .
-- ) (ARCHITRAVES
) (
.
-- ) (VISION PANELS
.
-- ) (SUB FRAME
.
--
.
-
-- ) (BORROWED LIGHT
.
-- .
-- ) (STILES
.
-- ) (SUB FRAME ) ( -- .
). (SCREENS
--

.
-- .
--
.
). (LOUVERS
-- .
-- .
.
- : .
-
-- ) (OVERLAPS
.
-- .
-- ) (

).(ENCLOSED
--
.
-- .
-- .
-- ) ( .
- ) (....
--
:
--- .
--- .
---
--- .
-- .
-- ) (CORNICES
.
--
.
- ) (BACKGROUNDS
.
--
.
-- ) (
.
-- ) (
.
-
-- .
-- .
-
--
) ( :
--- ) ( .
--- ) .(BULK HEADS
-- .
- ) (FITTED CARPET
.
--
.
-- ) (UNDER LAY .
-
-- )
( .
-- ) . (SPRAY
--
:
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ). (RADIATORS
--- .
-- ) (HANDRAILS
.
-- .
-- .
--
) (BORDER STRIPS
.
- ) . (COMPOSITE PANELS
- .
- ). (SIGN WRITTING
--
.
--
.
- :
-
)
( .
-
-- )
( .
--
.
- :
-
-- :
--- .
--- ). (WASTE WATER PIPES
--- .
--- .
--- )
( .
--- .
--- .
--- ) : ( .
--- ) : ( .
--- .
--- .
-- .
-- .
-- .
- ) . (GUTTERS
-- )
( )
( .
-- ) (ROOF OUTLETS
) (EXHAUST HEAD
.
-- ) (
.
-- : .
-- .
-- ) (SLEEVES
.
-- .
--
.
-- .
-- ). (DUCT WORK
-- ) : (
) (
.

.
-- ) (
.
-- ) (DAMPERS ) (GRILLES
.
-- ) (FLEXIBLE
.
-- ) (DIFFUSERS
) (LINEAR DIFFUSERS .
- .
-- )

(
.
-- .
-- .
-- .
--
.
-- .
-
-- ) (
.
-- )
( . .
) ( .
-- ) ( .
--
.
-
-- :
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ) ( .
--
.
- .
--

.
--
.
- :
-
-- .
-- .
- .
-- ) (ESCALATORS

.
-- ) (CONVEYORS
) (- .
-- ) : ( )
( .
--
-- .
-
:
-- .
-- .
-- .
-- .
- .
--
.
-- .
.
- :
-
-- :
--- ) (CABLE TRAYS
). (TRUNKING
--- .
--- .
--- )
( .
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- ) ( .
--- .
-- .
--
.
- .

.
- :
)
( :
--
---
) (CONTACTOR COIL
) ( .
---
) ( ) (
.
---
) (TWO WAY SWITCHES )(REMOTE CONTROLLED
) ( .
--- ) (

CONTACTOR , DIMMER ABOVE WATT, TRANSFORMER , STARTER ...
ETC

.
--

.
-- ). (SOCKET- OUTLETS
) ( ()

.
- ). (CALL SYSTEMS
-- .
--
)
( .
--
.
-
-- .
-- ) (TTB )
) (PAIRS .
-- ) (
.
-- ) (
.
(ATTENDENT TELEPHON UNIT) --
.
-- ) (PBX ) (PABX
) (DC
.
- .
--
:
---
---
---
---
---
--
) (-- .
-- ) (MASTER )(SLAVES
/
) (PLUG .
--
-- ) (POWER UNIT .
- :
--
) ( .
--
--- .
--- .
--- .
--- .
) (--
) (ZONE .
--
.
--
.
-- ) (REPEATER
/
.
-- ) (FIRE DAMPER
.
-- /
.
- ). (INTRUDER
-- ) (- .
--
.
-- .
-- .
-- ) (-- .
- :
-- :
) (MASTER
). (INSULATED TERMINAL
--
.
-- ) (SLAVE
) (SYNCHRONOUS .
-- / .
-- ) (-- .
- :
-- .
-- ) (AMPLIFIER .
-- ) (SPLITER OUTLET
.
-- .
-- .
- .
) (- .
- :
--
) (FOCUSING .
--
.
-- ) (MONITERING CONSELES
.
--
.
-- ) (VIDEO .
- :
-- ) (MICROPHONE
.
-- ) (LOUDSPEAKERS
) (AMPLIFIER
.
-- ) (MATCHING TRANSFORMERS .
--
) ( .
--
.
-- ) (EAR PLUGS .
--
.
-- ) (MICROPHONE SWITCHING PANELS
.
-- ) (ATTENUATOR
.
-- ) (
.
- :

.
- :

.
- ) (LIGHTENING PROTECTION
-- .
--
.
--
.
-- .
- :

.
- :
-- )
( .
--
.
--
.
-- .
-- .
--
.
- :
-- .
-- ) (- .
-- .
-- ) (- .
-- ) (FEEDER PILLARS
) (BUS BARS
.
- :
-- .
--
.
--
.
- :
--

.
--

.
- :
-
-- .
-- .
-- .
- :
-- ) (
) : (
.
-- ) (GUARD RAILS .
-- .
-- )
( .
-- ) (BALLAST -:

.
- ): (SWITCHES

- :
-- ) . (TUMONTS
-- ). (DIMOND CROSSING
-- ). (SINGLE SLIP
-- ) . (DOUBLE SLIP
-- .
- .
--
.
--
.
- :
-- .
-- ) (FISH PLATES .
- :
.
- :
-
-- .
--
.
- :
-- ) (

-:
--- .
--- ).(SHAFT
---
---
--- ). (TAPERED
---
--- )
( .
--
.
-
--
:
---
---
-- .
-- ) (
) ( .
- :
-- ) ( .
-- .
-- .
-- ) (FACE PACKERS .
-- .
-- ) (GROUTING .
- :

.
- :

) (DUCT .
- :

.

) (

-
-
" "

" "
" "
" "

" "

" "

" " " "

" "

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- " "
" " " "

- " "
-
" "

-
-

" "

-
-
-
-

" "
" "
-
- " "
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
" "
" "
- " "
- " "
-
- " "
- " "

-
-
" "
" "
- " "
-
" "
" "

" "

-
-

-
-
- " "
" "

-
-

-
- " "
-
-
-
" " " "
- " "
" "
- " "
- " "
" "
-
- " "

) ( " "
) (

-
" "
-
- " "

- " "
- " "
- " "
" "

-
-
-

-
- " "
-
- " "
-

-
-
- " "

" "
" "

- " "
- " "
" "

" "

-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
" "
-

) (
- :
............
- :
...........

.
- :

:
- ) ( .
- ) ( .
- .
- .
- ) ( .
- .
- ) ( .
- ) (

) ( .
- :

.
- :

.
- :

.
- :
(
)

.
) (
.
- :
..........
.
- :

.

.
- :

.
- :

/
............. /

.
- :
(
)

.
- :

.
- :

.
-

...................................................................................... :
.....................................................................................
............................... .............................................................

(
)
( .
)
) (

) (
" "
.
:
:
:

:
- :
" "
:
" - " :
" " " " .
" - " :
" " " "
" " .
" - " : " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" " .
" - " :
" "
" " " " " " .
" - " : " "
" " " " ""
" " " ".
" - " : " " " "
" " "".
" - " :
""
.
" - " :
" " .
" - " : " " " " "
" ) (
" "
" " .
" - " :
" " .
" - " : " "
" " .
:
-
" "
" "
"- " :
" " " " .
" - " : " "
" " .
" - " : " "
" " " "
.
" - " : " "
" " .
" - " :
" "
" " " " " "
" " .
- :
- :
.
- :
" " .
- :
.
- .
: " "
- " "
" " " "
" " " "
" "
" " " " " "
.
" - " " "
" " " " .
- " " " "
) ( " " " "
" " :
- " "
" "
.
- " " " "
" " .
:
" " " " " "
)
" " " " (.
:
" " " " . " " )
" " ( " "
" " ) (
" " " "
" " "
"
" "
: " "
" " " "
" "
" "
" : "
- " "
" " " "
.
-
" " .
- " " " " " "
" "
" "
" " " " .
" : "
- " " " " " "
" " .
" " " " " " " " .
- " " " "
" " .
- " " " " " "
" " " " .
- " " " " " "
" " " "
" " .
- " " " "
" "
"".
" - " " "
" "
"" " "

:
" "
" " .
: " "
- " " .
- " " " "
.
:
- " " " "

" "
.
- " "
" " .
: " "
" " " "
" "
" "
.
:
- " " " "
" " ) (
" "
" " " " "
" . " " " "
) (
" "
" " " "

" " " "
" "
:
- " " " " .
- " " " "
" "
- ) ( " " .
: " " " "

" " " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
.
:
- " " " "
" "
" " " " " " " "
" " " "
" " .
" " " "
" "
- " " " "

" " .
: " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " ) ( " "
" "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " "
" ) (
" " .
:
- :
" " " "
" "

" "
" " " "
:
" " . . " " .
-
" " ) ( " " " "

" " " " .
" "

" "
" "
.
- :
" " ) (
" "

-
.
.

.

.
" " " "

" " .
-
" "
" "

" "
.
-
" " ) ( .
-
" " " "

"
" "
" .
-
" "
" "
" " " "

. " "
" " " "
.
-
" " :
- " "
" " .
- " " .
-
" " " "

.
- " " .
- " "
" "
" "
: " " " "

" " " " " "
" " "
" ) (
" " .
" "
" " " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " . " " "
" " " " " " "
" "
" " " " " " .
:
" " " " " "

.
" " " "
.
:
" "
" " " "
" " " "
" "
.
: " "
- " "
- " " " "
" " " ".
" " " "
) ) ( (
" " " "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
.
- " " " "

.
-
:
- ) (
.
- " "
" " .
- .
- " " " " .
- " " " .
: " "
- " "
" " " "
) (
" " " " " " "
" " " "
" " "
" "
:
" - " .
" - " " " " "
- " " " " " "
) ( " "
" " .
* - ) ( ) (
" " " " "
" " " .
:
" " " " " "

" "
" "
. " "
" " :
* ) ( /
- " "
.
- " " " "
.
-
" " " " .
-
" " " " )
" " (
.
" " " " "
" " " .
" " " "

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( .
:
-
" " " " )
(
" " " "
) ( ) ( ) (
:
- .
- " " " " " "
" " " " .
- " " .
- :

" "
" " " " " "
.
:
" "
" " "
"
" " . " " " "

.
: " "
- " "

" " " "

" "
" " .
- " "
" "

" "
.
- " "
" " " " .
- " " " "
" "
" "
" "
.
- " "
" " " "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" " .
:
- " "
" "
" " )
( .
- " " " "
) ( " "
" "

.
- " "

.
: .....
- " " " "
" " .
- " "

.
" " " "

.
" "
.
- " " " "
.
:

" " " " " "

" "
" " " " .
:
- " " " "

" " " "
" " " "

. " "
) (
" ".
- " " " "
" " " " " " "
" "
"

" " " " " "
.
:
" "
" "

" " " "
" "

" " .
:
-
" "
" " " " " "

" " .
-
" "
" "
" "

" "
.
-
" " " "

" "
" " " "
" "

" " " "
" " " "
"
" .
-
" " " "
" "

) ( .
:
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" " "
" " "
" " " "
" " " " "
" .
:
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " .
:
- " " " " " "
" " " "
" "
" " .
- " " " " " " "
" " " " "
" " .
: " "
-
" " " "
" " :
-
.
- " "
.
- " "
" " " "
" "
" "
" " " "
.
-
" " " " " "
" "
.
-
" "
" "

" " " " .
-
" " " " " "
" "
" " " " .
-

:
-
" "
" "
.
-
" " " "
" "
" " .
-
" "
" " " "

" "
" " " "

" " .
-
" " )
(

-
" "

.
-
" "
.
-
" "

.
-
" " .
:
- " " " " :
- " "
" " " " .
- " " " " .
-
" "
.
- " "
" " .
- " "
.
:
-

" " " "
" " " "
" " . " "

" "
" " .
-
" "
" " .
-
" " " "
.

" " " "
.
-
" "
" " " " :
- " "
) ( .
- " " " "
" " .
" " ) ( ) (
" " " " .
: " "
" - " " " " "

" " " "
.
- " " " "
" " " " .
: " "
- " "
" " "
" " " " "
.
" " " "
"
"
" " " " .
-
" " " "
" "
" " " "

) ( " "
" "
" " " " .
:
-
" " " "
:
- " " " " " "
" " .
- " " " "
)
( .
- " "
" "

" " " "
" "
. " "
" " . " "
" " " ".
- " " :
" "
" " " "
" "

" "
:
-
" " " " "
" " "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" " " " .
" "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
-
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
: " "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" "
" " .
: " "
- " "
" " ) " " (
" " " " " "
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
"" " " " "
) ( " "

" " " "
" " " " .
-
" "
" " " "
" " " " .
" : "
" " " "
" "

" " " " .
: " "
" - " " " :
- " "
" " " " .
- " " " "
" " .
- " "
" " " " .
- ) ( " " "
"
" "

.
:
" "
" "

" " " " " "
. .
: " "
" " " "
" "

" " " " " "
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
.
" "
" "
" " .
:
-
" " " "
" "
" "
" "
"
" . " "
" " " " .
- .
" "
" " " "
" " .
:
- " " " " )
(
" " " " "
" " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " " " .
- " " ) (
) (
.
- " "

.
:
-
" " )
" " ( " "
. " "
" "
" " " "
.
-
- " " " " )
" " ( " "
" " " " " "

" " " " "
" .
- " " ) - (
" "
" " " "
" " .
" "
.
- " "
" " " "
" "
)
" " " " (
" " " " " "
" " "
" .
: " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" "
" " " "
.
:
-
" " " "
" "
" " :
- " "
- " " .
- " " .
- " "
- " " .
" "
) ( " "
.
- :
- " " ) (
" " .
- " " " " "
" ) ) - ( (
" "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
:
-
" " ) ( "
" " "
"
" ) (
" "
" " " " "
" "
.
- " "
- " "
" "
.
- " "

" " .
- " "
" " ) % (
" " " " " "
.
- " " ) (%
" " " "

" " " "
-
" " " "
) ( ) ( " " " "
" " " "
.
-
" "
. " "
" " " "
" "
" " .
" "
" "

" " " "
.
" " " "
" "
. " "
" "
" "
)
( .
-
" " " " )
(
" "
" "

.
" " " "
" "
" : " " "

- " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" " .
- " "
" " " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " " .
- " " " "
" " " "
" " .
-
" " " "
" " " " " " .
- " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
:
" "
" "
.
"
- " "
" " " "
" " .
- " "
" " " " " "
" "
.
: ) ( " "
- " " ) (
" " " " .
- " " " " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" "
" " .
-
""
" " " " "
" " "
" " " " .
- " " " "

) ( ) ( " " .
: ) (
" "
.
:
- " " :
" " " "
" "
" "
" " " " :
- " "
.
- " "
.
-
" " " "

.
- " "
" " " "
" " " "
"" .
:
-
" "

) ( "
" " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " " " "
" "
" " :
- " "
" " " "
" " " " " "

.
- " " " " "
"
" " " " " " " "
) ( .
- " "
" "
" " :
- " " " "
.
- ) - (
"" " "
" " "
" .
- " "

" "
"" " " )

(
" " " "
" " "
" " " ) (
" " " "
" "
"" " "
" " " " .
" " " " "
" " " " "
" "
.
: " "
" "
""
" " " "
" " " " " "
" " " "
.
:
-
- " "
" " " "
) ( %
) ( % " " .
- " " " "
" " " "

" "
" "
" " " " " "
" " .
- " " " "

" " " "
" " .
- " " " " ""
.
- " "
" " ) (
.
- " " " "

" " .
- ) - (
" " :
. " " " " .
- " " " "
) ( " "

.
- " " .
" "
" " " " " "
.
" - "
" "
" " " " " "
" " .
-
" "
.
-
" "
" "
" "
.
:
" "
" "
" "
" " " ".
:
-
" " " " " "
" " " " "
" " " " " )
" " (
" " " "
" " .
" " " "
.
" " " "
" " " " .
- " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " .
-
" "
" " ) ) ( ( "
" " " "
"
" " .
- " "
" " " "
" "
" "

"" . " "
.
-
" " " "
) ( " "
" " " "
:
- " "
:
- ) ( " "
" "
:
-
.
:
-
" " " "
" " " " " "
:
- " " .
- " " .
- " "
) ( .
- " " .
- " " " " .
- " "
.
- " " " " " " .
- " "
" " .
- " " " " :
" " " " . " " " " " " " "
" " .
" " " " " "
" " .
" " " " " " " " .

" " " " " " .
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " "
" " " "
" " " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" " " " .
-
" " " " " "
" " " "
)
( " " "
" " "
" " " "
" " ) ( .
- " "
" " " " " "
" " " "
"" " " " "
" " " "
) ( " "

" "
" " " " " "
" "
" "
" " " " " "

" " .
:
" " " "
" "
" " " " " "
" "
" "
" " " " "
" " "
" " " "
" " " " .
" " " "
" " .
: " "
- " " ) (

" " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
.
- " " " "
" "
" " .
- " " ) ( ) ( " "

" " " " " "
.
: " "
" " " "
" "
" " :
-
" " " "
" " .
- " "
" " " " " "
) " "
( .
- " " " "
" "
) ( ) ( .
- ) ( .
" "
) (
.
- " "
" " .
" "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" " .
:
" " " " ""
" " ) " "
" " (
" " " " " " .
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
.
" " " " " "
" " " "
:
" " " "
.
" " " "

.

" "

.
" "
" " " "
.

.
:
- " "
" " " "
" "
.
- " " " " :
" " " "
" " .
:
" " " " " "
.
: " "
" "
" " .
:
// : //
) ) (// // )
/ ( ) / (
)
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ( .
) ( ) (
) ( //

.... (.

-
- " " .....................................................................
- " " .........................................................................
- " " ...........................................................
- .......................................................
-
) (
) % (
) ( %
.
-
)
( .
- ) (
(.
)
( ) (
- )

( % .
)
-
(.
)
-
(%
)
.
- " "
) (
:
- :
%
) ( " " %
" " " "

.
:
: " "
" " .
: " " "
" .
:
" " .
- :
" " " "
" "
%
% " " .
- " " :
" "
) ( % %
" " ) ( ) ( .
- ) (

)
( .
) (
) (
) ( .

) (
.

) ( ) (
.
) ( ) -(
) (%
)
( .

:
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
) (

) (

:

-
-
" "

" "
" "
" "
-
" - "
- " "
-
- " "
-
- " "
- " "
" "

-
-
-
- " " " "
- " "
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- " "
-
-
- " "
" "

" " " "
-
-
- " "
-
-
-
-
-
-
- " "
" "
" " " "

" "
- " "
-
- " "
-
-
-
-
-
-
- " "
-
- " "
-
-

" "
- " "
-
- " "
- " "
- " "
" "
-
-
- " "
" "
-
- " "
-
-
-
-

-
- " "
- " "
-
-
- " "
-
- " "
- " "
- " "
- " "
- " "

- " "
- " "
-

" "

-
-

" "
- " "
" - "
- " "
-

-
-

-
-
- ) (
-
" "

-
-
- " "
-
-
-
- " "
-
-

-
- " "
-
-
- " "
-
-
- " "

-
-
-
-
- %
-
- " "
" " " "
" "
- " "
- " "
- " "
- " "
- " "
" "
-
- " "
" "

- " "
- " "
-
-

- " "
-
- " "

- " "
- " "
- " "
- "
"
- " "

-
-
- " "

" "

" "

" "

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- " "
-

) (
- :
............
- :
...........

.
- :

:
- ) ( .
- ) ( .
- .
- .
- ) ( .
- .
- ) ( .
- ) (

) ( .
- :

.
- :

.
- :

.
- :
(
)

.
) (
.
- :
..........
.
- :

.

.
- :

.
- :

/
............. /

.
- :
(
)

.
- :

.
- :

.

.................................................................................
...............................................................................
............................ ..........................................

"
"
" " "

(
" " " )
" "
( .
)
) -(
(
) ( %
)
) (

) (
" "
.
:
:
:
:
:
- :
" "
:
" - " :
" " " " .
" - " :
" " " "
" " .
" - " : " "
" " " "
" " " " "
" " " .
" - " :
" " "
" " " " " .
" - " : " "
" " " "
"" " " " " .
" - " : " " " "
" " " ".
" - " :
" "
.
" - " :
" " .
" - " : " " " "
) ( " "
" " .
" - " :
" " .
" - " : " "
" "
- :
" " .
" - " :
" " " " .
"- " : " "
" " .
" - " : " "
" " " "
.
" - " : " "
" " .
" - " :
" "
" " " " " "
" " .
. :
. :
.
. :
"
.
. :
.
. .
: " "
. " " " "
" "
" " " " " "

" " " " " "
" "
" . " " "
" " " "
.
. " "
" " ) (
" " " " " "
- :
. " "
" "
.
. " " " "
" " .
:
- " " " "
" " )
" "
" " ( .
- " " " " . " " )
" "
" " " "
( " "
" " " "
" "
" "
.
- " "
" "
" "
.
- " " " "
" " " "
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " "
" " " " "
" "
" " " " .
" : "
. " " " " ) (
" " " "
" " .
. " " " "
" " )
) ( (
" " "
.
. " " " "
" " ) " " (
" " " " " "
" " " "
.
" : "
. " "
" " " "
.
.
" " .
. " " " "
" " " "
" " " " " " .
. " " " " " "

" " " "
" " .
" : "
. " " :
" " " " " "
" "
" " " "

" " " " .
" . " :
) ( " "
.
. " " :
" " " "
" " " " .
. :
" " " " " "
" " " "
" "
"" " " "
" ) " " " " (
"" .
. " " :
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " " " "
" " " " )
( " "
" " " "

" " " " .
. " " :
. " " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" " .
. " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "

" " " " " "
" " .
. " " " "
" " ) (
" "
- :
" " . " " " " " " .
" " " " .
" " " " " " "".
. " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
) ( " "
.
: " "
" " " " - :
. " " " "
" "
" "

" "
) ( " "
" " .
. " " " "
" "

.
. " "
" " .
. " " " "
" "
. " "
" " " "
" " "
" " " " " .
. " " " " " " "
" .
. " " " "
.
. " "
" " .
:
.
" " " "
" "

" "
" " " "
:
" " . " "
.
. .
" " ) ( " " " "

" " " " .
" "

" "
" "
.
. .

" " " "
" "
" "
" " " "
.
. " "
" " " " " "

" " .
" "
" " " " " " "
" " "
" " .
" " " " " " "
" " " "
" "
" " " " .
. " " .
" " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" "
" " .
. .
" " )(

:
. . .
.
" " " "
" " .
. .
" "
" "
.
" "
.
. .
" "
) ( .
. .
" " " "
" " .
. .
" " " "
.
. .
" " " "

" " "
" .
. .
" "

" "
.
" "
" "
" "
" " " " .
. .
" "
" " ) (
" "
" " " "
.
. .
" "
" "
" " " "

" "
" "
" " .
. " "
" " " " " "

" " " "
" "
" ".
. .
" " " " " " .
.
" " :
. " "
" " .
. " " .
.
" " " "

.
. " " " "
" "
.
. " "
" " .
. " "
" " .
.
" " .
. " " .
" "
" " .
: " "
. " " .
. " " " "
.
:
. " " " "

" "
.
. "
" " "
.
" : " " "

.
" " " " " "
" " " " .
.
" "
" " " " .
. " "
" "
" " " " .
.
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" " .
.
" "
" "
) ( .
.
" "
" " " " " "

" " .
.
" "
" "
" "

" "
.
.
" " " "

" "
" " " "

" "
" "
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " "
) (

) ( .
.
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" "
" " .
: " "
" "
"" " " " "
" " " "
" " ) (
" " " "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" " " " " " )
(
" " .
: " " " "

. " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" " .
. " " ) (
" "
" " . " "
" "

" "
" " " "
.
:
. " " " "
" "
" " " " " " "
" " "
" " " "
. " "
" " " " .
. " " " "
" " .
: ...
. " "

. " " " "

.
" "
.
. " " " "

.
:
. " "
. " " " "
" " " "
" . " "
" " ) (
) ( " "
" "
" " " "
" " )
( " "
" "
.
. " " " "

) ( .
.
:
. ) (
.
. " "
" " .
. .
. " " " "
.
. " "
" " ) (
" " " "
) (
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" "
) ( .
" . " .
" . "
.
" " " " " "
) ( " "
" " .
* .
) ( ) (
" "
" " " " " "
.
.
" " " "

" "

" " " "
:
. " "
.
* ) ( /
. " " " "

.
.
" " " " .
.
" " " "
) (
. "
" ) ( " " "
" " " .
" " " "

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . (
.
" " " " )
(
" " " "
) ( ) ( ) ( .
. .
. " " " " " "
" " " " .
. " " .
.

" "
) ( " " " "
.
.
" "

" "
" " .
" " " "

.
. " "
" " ) (

" " " " .
.
" "
" "
.

.
. " "
" "
" " .
.
" " " "
" "
" "

.
.
" "
" "
" " " " " "
" "
" "
" " " "
" "
.
:
. " "
" "
)
( .
. " " " "
) (

.
. " "

.
:
. " " " "
" " " "

" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
.
. ) (

" " .
. " "
) ( " " " "
.
" " " "
" "
" "
" "

" " .
" " " "
" "
" " .
. " "

" " " " " " .
. " " " "
" " " " " " "
" " "

" "
.
:
. " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" " " " "
" " " " "
" " " " "
" ) (
" " " " "
" " " " " .
. .
" "
" " " "
" " " " .
.
" " " "
" " " " .
. " "
" " " "
" " " "
) " " " " (
" " " "
" " " "
" "
.
. " "
- " " " " " "
" " " "
" "
" " .
- " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " " " " .
: " "
.
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "

" " " " .
.
" "
" "

" " " " " "
. .
. " "
" " " "
" "

" " " " " "
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
.
" "
" "
" " .
: " "
.
" " " "
" " :
-
.
-
.
. " "
" " " "
" "

" " " "
.
.
" " " "
" "
" " .
.
" "
" "

" " .
.
" " " " " "

" "
" " " " .
.

:
-
" "
" "
.
-
" " " "

" "
" " .
-
" "
" " " "

" "
" "
" "
" " .
-
" " )
(

.
-
" "

.
-
" "
.
-
" "

.
-
" " .
:
. " " " " :
- " "
" " .
- " " " ".
-
" "
.
- " "
" " .
.
.
:
. " " " " "
" ) ( " "
" "
" " " " "
" . " "
) (
" "
" " " "

" " " "
" "
:
- " " " " .
- " " " "
" " .
. ) ( " " .
:
.
" "
" " " " " " .
. " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " )
( " "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " " " .
.
" " " " "
" " "

.
.
" " " "
" " .
. " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
.
.
" - " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
" " " " "".
- " " " " " "

" " .
-
" " .
" " .
" "
" " " " .
- " " " "
" "
" " .
. " "
" " " "

" " .
. " "
" " "
" " " " " " "

.
" " " "
"
"
" " " " .
. " "
" " " "
" " " "
" "
) (
" "

" " " " .
.
" " :
- " " " "
" " " "
" " .
- " "
)
( .
. " "
" "
" " " "
" "

" " .
. " "
" "

" "
" "
. " "
" " . " "
" " " ".
. " "
" " " "
" " .
" " " " " "
" "
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" " " " .
:
. " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " " " "
" " " " .
. " " " " " "

" " .
" "
" " " " "
" " " " "

" " :
. " " " "
" "
" "
) ( " " .
. " " " "
" "
" " .
. " " " "

.
. " " " "

" " ) (
" " .
. " " " " " "
.
:
.
" " " " "
" " "
" " " "
" " .
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" "
" " " " " "
" "
" " .
.
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
:
" " " " :
. " "
.
. " "
" " " " " " .
. " "
" "
" " .
. " "
" " .
. " "

.
. " "

.
. " "
" " " "
" " .
" "
" . "
" " " " " "

" " " "
" "
" " .
" . "
" " )
" " ) ( (
" "
" " .
. " "
" " " " :
- " "
" " " " .
- " " " "
" " .
- " "
" " .
.
) ( " " " "

" "

.
:
. :
" " " "

" " " "
" " " "

" " .
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " "
" " " "
" ".
:
.
- " "
" " " "
" " ) ( " "
" " " " .
" " " " " "
"
" " "
.
" " " "
" " . " "
" "
) " " (

. " " " "
" " .
- " " " "
" "
" "
" "
.
- " " " "
" "

" " .
. :
- " " " "
" " " "
" "
" " ) ( " "
.
" " " "
" "
.
- " "

.
- " "
)
( " " .
- " " " " " "
.
""
" " .
- " " " "
" "
.
- " "
" "
.
- " " " "
" " .
. ) (
- " " ) (
" " " "

" " " " .
" " " "
" "
" " . " "
" " .
" "
" " " "
" "
" " ) ( " "
" "
.
" " .
- " " " "
)
(
. " " " "

" " " " " " /
" " .
- " "
) ( . " "
" " " "
" "
" "

.
- " "
" " .
" "
" " .
-
" "
) ( . " "
.
- " " " "

" " "
"
" " .
.
" "
" " " "
" " " "

:
.
" " " " " " )
" " (
" " ) (
" " " "
" " " "
" " ) ( "
" " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " " ) (
) (
.
. " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "

" "
" " " " .
.
" " ) (
" "
" " " " " " " "

" " " " ) (
) ( ) (
) (
" "
" " ) ( " " " "
" " " " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" " .
:
.
" " )
( " " " "
. " "
" "
" "
.
.
- " " " " )
" " ( " "
" " " " "
"
" " " "
" " .
- " " ) - (
" "
" " " "
" "
" " . " "
.
. " "
" " " "
" "
" " )
" " " " (
" " " " " "
" "
.
.

" "
" " " "
" " " "

.
.
" " " " )
(
.
:
.
" " " " " "
" " " " "
" " " " " )
" " (
"
" " "
) ( "
" " " " "
." " "
" " " " "
.
. " "
" " " "
" " " " " " " "
" " " "
" " .
.
) ( " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" " ) (
" " " "

" " " " " "
) (
" " .
.

" " ) ) ( ( " "
" "
.
" " .
. " "
" " " "
" "
" "
" "
." "
.
.
" " " " )
( " "
" " " "
:
- " "

- ) ( " "
" "

-
.
.
" "
" "
" "
" " " " .
. " "
" " " "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" "
" "
" " .
:
.
" " " " " "
" " ) ( " "
" "
" "
" "
) " " (
" "
% . " " " "
" " " "

" " .
" "
) (
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " " " "
" " .

" " .
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "

" " . " "
.
.
" " " "
) (
.
.
" " )
(
" "
" " " "

.
" " " "
" " .
. ) ( %
) %
( " " " " "
" " " " "
" "
" " .
.
" " " " " "
:
- " " .
- " " .
- "
" .
- ) ( / ) (
.
. " "
" " " " " " )
( " "

" " .
" " ) (
" " .
: " " "

" "
"
.
" " " "
" " :
- " " .
- " " .
- " " .
.
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " .
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" "
" " .
. " " " "

" " " " " "
" " " "
) (
" " .
. " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " .
. " " " "
" " " "
" "
.
.
" " " "
" " " " " " "
.
. " "
" " " "
" " " " "
" " "
"".
" : "
. " " " " " "
" " " "
" " .
. " " ) " "
(
.
. " "
" "
" " " " " "
. " " " "
" "
" "
" " .
.
" "

" " .
. " "
" "
" " .
. " " " " " "
" "
) ( .
:
.
- " "
" " ) (

) (% ) (%
" " .
- " " " "
" " " " " "

" " " "
" " " "
" " .
- " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " .
- " " " "

" " " " " " .
- " "
" " ) (
.
- " " " "

" " .
- ) (%
) -( " " .
- ) (%
)-( " " :
" " . " " " " .
- " "
) ( " "

.
- " "
. "
" " " " " " "
.
" - "
" "
" " " " " "
" " .
. " "
" "
.
.
" " :
- " " .
-
.
- .
-
.
- .
- .
- " "
" " .
.
" "

" "
.
:
. " "
" " " "
" "
" "
" " " "
:
- " "
.
- " "
.
.
" " " "

.
. " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
:
.
" "

) (
" " " " " "
" " " " "
" " " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " :
- " "
" " " "
" " " " " "

.
- " " " "
" "
" " " " " "
" " ) -( .
. " "
" "
" " :
- " " " "
.
- )-(

" " " " .
. " "

" "
" " " " )
(
" " " "
" " "
" " " )
( " " "
" " " " "
" "
" " " " .
" " " " "
" " " " "
. " "
.
. " "

" " " "
" " "
" " "

" " " "
" " " " .
. " "
" "
" " "
" " " "
" " " " "
" " "
" .
:
.
" " " "
" " " " " "
:
- " " .
- " " .
- " "
) (
- " " .
- " " " " .
- " "
.
- " " " " .

- " "
" " .
- " " " " :
" " " " . " " " " " " " "
" " .
" " " " " "
" " .
" " " " " " " " .
" " " " " " .
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " "
" " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " .
.
" " " " " "
" " " "
" " )
( " "
" "
" "
" " " "
) ( .
. " "
" " " " " " " "
" " " "
" " " " " "
" " ) (
" "
" "
" "
" "
" "

"" " " " "
" " .
:
" " " "
" "
" " " " " "
" "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " " .
" " " "

" " .
" : "
. " " ) (

" "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
" " " "
.
. " " " "
" "
" " .
. " " ) ( ) (
" " " "
.
:
" " " "
" "
" " :
.
" " ) (

" " .
. " "
" " " " " "
" "
.
. " " " "

" "
) ( ) ( .
. ) (
" "
) ( " "
.
. " "
" " .
" "
" " " "
" "
" " " "
" " .
:
" " " "
" " " " ) " "
" " (
" " " "
" " .
" "
" " " " " "
" " " "
.
" " " " " "
" " " "
:
" " " "
.
" " " "

.

" "

.
" "
" " " "
.

.
:
. " "
" " " "
. " "
.
. " " " "
" " " "
" " .
:
" "
" " .
-
- " " .....................................................................
- " " .........................................................................
- " " ...........................................................
- .......................................................
- ) ( ) (
( ) ( .
)
-
) (
) % (
) ( %
.
-
( .
)
- ) (
(.
)
( ) (
- )
( %
)
.
- )-(
( .
)
-
(.
)
-
(%
)
.
- ) (
:
- ) (

)
( .
) (

) (
) ( .

) (
.

) (
) ( .
) ( ) -(
( .
) (%
)

) (
:
.
.
. ) ( )( .
. ) ( .
. "" ) (
""
.

) (
) : (
- .. /
- - .. /
) : (
- ..
/
- B.S882/1992
- ASTM C33/2003
- ..
/
) : (
- .. /
- .. /
- .. /
- .. /
- ..
/
- .. /
- .. /
- .. /
-
../
- ) ( .. /
- .. /
- ..
/
- .. /
) : (
- ..
/
- )
% ( ..
//
- ) % %
) ( (- .. //
- )
> % % ) ((- ..
//

) : (
- )( .. /
) : (
- .. /
-
-
-
) : (
- .. /
-
.. /
- ..
/
-
.. /
- ..
/
- .. /
-
) ( .. /
-
.. /
) : (
- .. /
-
.. /
- ..
/
) : (
- ASTM C881-2002
) : (
- .. /
) : (
- .. /
- -
../
- ..
/
- .. /
- .. /
- .. /
- - .. /
- .. /
- .. /
- .. /
- .. /
- ) ( ..
/
) : (
- ASTM A615/A615M-01b
- B.S 4449-1997
) : (
- )(SORB/R5
- )(SORB/R6E
- ) ( )( SORB/R6F
- ) ( SORB/R6G
- )( SORB/R6
-
)(SORB/R7
-
-
)(SORB R8A
)(SORB-R8B
)(SORB-R9
) : (
Cut Back Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type) AASHTO M82-2004
Cut Back Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type) AASHTO
M81- 2004
Cationic Emulsified Asphalt / AASHTO M208-2005
) : (
Some Geotechnical Properties of soils

1- Soil Particle Size Limits
2- Specific Gravity of Some Soil
3- Typical Void Ratio , Moisture Content and Dry Unit Weight for
Some Soils
4- Denseness of a Granular Soil
5- Typical Liquid & Plastic Limits for Clay Minerals
)6- Unified Soil Classification System (USCS
7- Hydraulic for Various Soils
8- Consistency of Clay
9- Correction for Standard Penetration Number ,N

10- Relation between the Corrected N-Values and the Relative
Density in Sands
11- Correlation between Nfv and for Granular Soils
12- Correlation of Cone Resistance with v and Dr for N.C
Sands
)(

.. /
.. /

Gypsum for Building
) .. (
:
-
-
-
:
) (
) (
): (
) (
) (:

)\ : (
)\ (
) ( :

Gypsum for Building
) .. (
-:
)(
) : (
: () SO3
:() CaO

):(
))(
):(
) :(

Sand- Lime Bricks and Blocks
).. (
:
)(
)(
)(
:
-

:
: :
:
.
:

:

:

.. /
B.S 882/1992
ASTM C33/2003

.. /

Aggregate From Natural Sources for Concrete and building
construction
.. ) (
:
- :

) (
.
- : )(
) (
SO3

- :
- .
- .
- )-(
- :
-
)(
-
-
- :
:
- :
-
-

) (

\
\ \
\

\ \ \
SO3

.

: ) (
:

).. (

.

Aggregates from Natural Sources for concrete and Building
Construction
.. ) (
:
) (
:
) (
:
) (
) : (

) (

:
-- :

.
-- :

.
-- :
.
:

).. . ( /

Aggregates from Natural Sources for concrete and Building
Construction
.. ) (
:
-- :
)(
-- : )(

.

-- : ) (
) : (
..

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
)(
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
) : (

..

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
) : (

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Aggregates from Natural Sources for concrete
) (B.S 882\1992
:
.
:
) (
) : (
)(

) (
:
) (
.
) (

)) (kN (

)) ( (
:
B.S 5328 Part 1\1997 &B.S8110 Part 1\1997

) (B.S 882\1992
:
-- : ) (
) (
)(
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-- :
- ) (

M ,C F ) . (

) (
) (

M
C
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
-
-
-
-
-
- :
C M ) . (

) (B.S 882\1992
-- : ) (
) : (

)(
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
:

)(
) : (

) (

) (

Concrete Aggregates
) (ASTM C33\03
:
:
) (
) : (
--
--
--
--
) (
) (
)( .

.

.

.
.

Concrete Aggregates
) (ASTM C33\03
:
) (
) : (

) (
-

.
:
--
.
--
.
--
. ASTM C87
--

Na2O )( Na2O+0.658 K2O
:

.

Concrete Aggregates
) (ASTM C33\03

:
) (
) : (

)(

Concrete Aggregates
) (ASTM C33\03
:
) (
) (
)(

)(
) (

) (

) (

Filter Sands and filter Gravels for Water Purification Filters
) .. (
:

:
- \
:

:
--
--
:
--
.
-- ) ( ) (
.
:
) (
:
) (
:
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) (

Filter Sands and filter Gravels for Water Purification Filters
) .. (
) (

)(
)(
) (
) (

) (
)(
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
)(

) (
) ( -
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /

Portland Cement
) . . (
:
) (
) : (

)\(

* )(
* )(
:
)(
\
*
*
*
*

)()\ (

Portland Cement
) . . (
:
) (
) : (
SiO2 )(
Al2O3 )(
Fe2O3 )(

MgO )(
SO3 C3A
)( )(
)(
C3S )(
C2S )(
C3A )(
Fe2O3\AL2O3
:
) (
.

Terrazzo Tiles
).. (
:

)(

)(

:

. .
:

:
\
:
\

Ordinary Tiles
).. (
:
-- : .. )(
-- :

.
:
--
.
--

-- :
-- :

:
:
- : .
-:
-:
- :
- :
- :
- : )(

- :
:

:

.

Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units
).. (
:
-- :
) (
)(
)(
--
--

:

:
--)( :
.
--)( :

:

)(

) (

Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units
).. (
:
--
.
--
.
--
. ) (
.
:

.

Pre-Cast Concrete Kerbs and Channels
).. (
:
-- : :

) : (
-- : :

) (

Pre-Cast Concrete Kerbs and Channels
).. (
:
:
\ )(
:
- ) ( .
- .
- .
:
..) () (

Precast concrete Flags
) .. (
:
) (
) (
)(
)(
)(

:
)(

) (
) (
:
\

Non-Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units
).. (
:
--
- :
:
:
-
--

--
-
- -
--
-
- -
-- :

: :
--

) \(

Non-Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units
).. (
--
--- ) ( :
) (
--- ) ( :
) (
) : (
) (

:
:
:
\

:
-- :
-- :

Reinforced-concrete cantilever stair steps
) . . (
:
-- : .. ) (
--
--- :
.. ) ( .
--- :
.. ) . (
-- : .
-- : .. ) ( .
:
--
-

-- :
: :
-- :
.
-- :
.
--

--
)(

Reinforced and Unreinforced Concrete Pipes without internal
Pressure
).. (
:
- ) ( ) (

- :
) (
:
--
)(

)(
--
--- :
)(
)(

-
-

--- :
)(
)(

-
-

-

Pressure
).. (
---: -
). (
- .
--- : -

.
-

). (
-- :

:

)(
-- ) (
) (
:
-- ):(
) (

Pressure
).. (
:
- ) (
.
- ) .. (
:
-
:

-
.
-
.
:
-- ) (
-- ) (

Pressure
).. (
) : (
)(

)(
)(

:

.

Pressure
).. (
) : (
) ( \
) (
:
:
-
.
- ) (
.
)(
)(
-

-
). (-

Pressure
).. (
) : (
+

) (
)(
) (
Cellular Concrete Block
) .. (
:

.
:

)(
)(
)(
:
.
:

) \ (
)\ (
-
-
-
-
-
) (
: ) (
--
--

) (

Concrete Pavement Bricks
).. (
:

:

.
:
-- :
.
.
--
.
:
\
:
-
)(
) (

)(
)(

)(

Concrete Pavement Bricks
).. (
-

)(
) (
) (

-
)(
) (
) \ (

-
) (
-
- ) ( .
- ) ( .
- ) ( .

Reinforced Concrete Fence Posts
).. (
:
-- : .
-- : .
-- : .
-- : .
:
-- : .. ) ( ) (
) (
) ( .
-- : ) (
:
-- : ) (
-- : - - +
- - +
-
:
- ) ( \
- ) ( \

Reinforced Concrete Fence Posts
).. (

Water Used In Concrete
) . . (
:
:

SO3-2
) (

*

*
> )(-
*
> )(-
.. /
.. //
.. //
.. //

Ceramic Unglazed Acid Resisting Tiles
..
:
--

.
:
--
-
-
-
-
-- : ) (
-- :

Ceramic Unglazed Acid Resisting Tiles
..
:

- ) (
)(
)(
) (

Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles
Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with aWater
Group A1%Absorption E 3
.. /
:

) : (

) (
)(
) ( ) ( )(
: )(
:
)(
: )(

- :
)(
- : )(
)(

) (
.

Specification for Extruded Ceramic Tiles with a Water
Group A1%Absorption E 3
.. /
:
) (
) : (
) (
) \(
) (
-
-
)( :

)
(

) ( -
: ) : (Moho

>
)(-
Group A(II a)% <E 6%Absorption of 3
.. /
:

) : (

) (
)(
) ( ) ( )(

: )(
:
)(
)(

- :
)(
- : )(
)(

) (
.

>
)(-
.. /
:
) (
) : (
) (
) \(
> >

) (
-
-
)( :
)
(

) ( -

>
)(-
.. /
:
:
) : (
: )(

-

-

>
)(-
Group A(II b)% <E 10%Absorption of 6
.. /
:

) : (

) (
)(
) ( ) ( )(
: )(
:
)(
: )(

- :
)(
- : )(
)(

) (
.

>
)(-
Group A(II b)% <E 10%Absorption of 6
.. /
:
) (
) : (
) (
) \(
) (
-
-
)( :
)
(

) ( -

: ) \ (
> >

>
)(-
Absorption of
Group A(II b)% <E 10% 6
.. /
:
:
) : (
: )(

-
-
) (

. . /
) (
Clay Building Bricks
..
:
:
.
:
.
: .
:

.

.
:
- : ) (
- : ) (
- : ) (
:

) (

) (

. . /

Natural Building Stone
. .
-:

.
:
- ) (
- ) (
- ) (
- ) (
:
-- ) ( :
-- ) \ : (
-- ) \ :(
-- ) \ : (
-- ) ( :

.

. .
:

)( .
:
- \
-
-
:
-- ) ( :

-- ) \ : (

-- ) \ : (

-- ) \ : (

-- ) ( :

. .
- :
) (
) ( .
:
- ) \ (
- ) \ (
- ) \ (
:
-- ) ( :

-- ) \ :(

-- ) \ : (

-- ) \ : (

-- ) ( :

.

. .
- :
) (

.
: :
:
-- ) : (
-- ) \ : (
-- ) \ : (
-- ) \ : (
-- ) ( :

.
) (

. . /
. . /
. . /
. . /

. . /
. . /
. . /

. . /

Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing and Damp Proofing
) . . (
:
) (
) : (

\) (

)\(
)(
)(
)(
)(
) ( ) (

)(

Bitumen Felts For Water Proofing and Damp Proofing
) . . (
:
) (
) : (

) ( \
) (
\
--
--
--
--

Asphaltic Sealer For Concrete Joints , Hot Poured , Elastic Type
. .
:

.
:

- :
)( : .
)( : .
:

.

.
:
-- : ) (
)
( .
-- : ) ( ) ( ) (
) ( .
-- : ) ( ) ( )( ) (
) ( .
-- : )(- )(
)(
) (

) (
) ( .

Joints Sealants , Hot Poured , For Concrete and Asphalt
Pavements
) . . (
) ( ) () ( ( )
) ( ) (
) (-

) (
.

.
) ( ) (

) (

Jet- Fuel - Resistant Concrete, Joint Sealer, Hot Poured, Elastic
Type
) . . (
:

) (
) (

) (

) (
) (
)(
)(

)
(

)(
)(
)(
-

-

Jet- Fuel - Resistant Concrete, Joint Sealer, Hot Poured, Elastic
Type
) . . (
:

.
:

.
:

) \(

) (
: ) (
) (

Emulsified Asphalt Used As a Protective Coating For Built Up
Roofs
) . . (
:

)(
)(

)(
)(
) (
) (

Asphalt Used In Roofing
).. (
:

.

)(

) (
) (
:
-- :

.
-- :
).(-
-- :
).(-
-- :

).(-

) (
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler For Concrete Paving and
structural Construction (Non Extruding and Resilient
)Bituminous Types
) .. (
:

.

.
:
-- :
.
-- : ) ( )(
\ ) (\ ) (
) ( ) (\
) (\
).(
-- : ) ( ) (
.
-- : ) (
) ( .
-- :
.
-- : ) (
) ( ) ( ) (.
-- :
.
:
-- : ) ( )-
( )(
-- : ) ( \

Concrete Joint Sealer, Cold Application Type
) .. (
:
--
.
--

.
--
.
-- .
:
-- :
)( ) ( .
-- : ) ( .
-- :
) (- )(

.
:

.
) (

. . /
. . /
. . /

Asbestos Cement Flat Sheets
) . . (
:
) (
:
-- : ) (
--
) (
) (
-
:
-- : \
-- : \
:

) \(
) \ (

Corrugated Sheets and Fittings For Roofing and Cladding
) . . (
:
--
)(

-
-

--
:
--

)
(

)(

--
)(
)(

Corrugated Sheets and Fittings For Roofing and Cladding
) . . (
:
) (
:
\
:

: ) (
.

Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes and Joints
) . . (
:
--
).( \
--
) . (
\
\

Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes and Joints
) . . (
:
)(
-
-
-
-
-
.
.
.
.
- :
- . =
. =
. =
:
-- :
-- :
-- :
.
)(

)(

-
-- : + -
--
)(

)(

) (
ASTM C881-2002

Epoxy-Resin Base Bonding Systems For Concrete
) (ASTM C881-2002
:
) (
) : (
II
III
IV
VI
VII
-)(Pa.S

----
----
- )(
3 V-I 3VII-VI )( -)(
----
----
----
----
----
--
--
- ) (min
- )(MPa
) (
) (
--
- )(
--
--
- )(

---
---
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--

Epoxy-Resin Base Bonding Systems For Concrete
) (ASTM C881-2002

-
)(
-
- )(MPa
- )(MPa

- )(MPa

III
II
--
--
----
----
-----
----
--
--
--
--
--
---
---
---
---
---
--
IV
--
--
--
----
-
---
- ) (
- ) (MPa

VI
VII
--
--
--
-
--
---
---
--
--
--
--
--
) (

.. /

Concrete Admixtures
).. (
:
- :
.
- : .
:
- :
- : )(
- : )(
-
- : )(
- : )(

Concrete Admixture
).. (
)-( :

) \(
) \ (
: )( )(
) (
:
.
: ) \ (

Concrete Admixture
).. (
) - ( :

--
--
) \(
--
--
) \(
--
--
--
----
----

Concrete Admixture
).. (
) :(
% /

\
\

\

:
:
\

Concrete Admixture
).. (
) :(

-

\ \

-

\

-
\

) (

.. /
- .. /.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
- .. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
.. /
)(
Putty For Use On Window Glass

..
:

.
:

) (

) ( )(
)(
)(
)(
)(

) ( )(

Putty For Use On Window Glass
..
)(
)(

) (
:
:
.

Redoxide Linseed oil Priming Paint
) .. (
:

.
:
:
) (

-
-
) Fe2O3 (
.

Priming Coat Zinc Yellow Iron Oxide Ready Mixed
) .. (
:

: :
:
) (

) (

) .. (
) (

) (

) : ( - )
\ (.
) : ( - ) (

) .. (
: : ) (
) : (
) ( :
- ) (
- ) Fe2O3 (
- ) (
- ) (
-
) (
)(
)(

) (
) (

) (

)
(

:
.
:
.

) .. (
)(
) (

-
- ) (
)(
) (
) (
) ( ) (
**** :
.

Enamel , Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying for Exterior and Interior
Surfaces
) .. (
:

.
:
:
) (
) (
) (-

Enamel , Alkyd, Gloss Air Drying for Exterior and Interior
Surfaces
) .. (
-
-

) (

)(
-

-

Synthetic Resin Emulsion
).. (
:

:
:
) (
-
-
)(
)(

.

) (

:
) ( ) (

Paints and Varnishes Hammer Finish
).. (
:

:
:
)
(

-
-
) (
) (
) (

Red Oxide Primer-Alkyd Resin
).. (
:

:
:

-
-
) (
) (

Red Oxide Primer-Alkyd Resin
).. (

)Decorative Paint for Interior Use (flat
).. (
:
) (

.
:
) : (
) \ (
) \ (

).. (
:
) : (

-
-

:
- ) (
- : ) (

) (

-
-

) \ (
) (

).. (
:
) : (
) ( )(
) -

)
(
) : (

) \ (
) (

) (

).. (
:
) : (

-
-

-
-

-
-

-
-

Traffic , Highway , White & Yellow Paint
).. (
:

.
:
) : (
)(
) (
) (
- ) (
)(
)(
) (
)(
) (
) (
) (
)(
) ( - ) (

) (
):( ) :( - ) : ( -

Traffic , Highway , White & Yellow Paint
).. (
:
) : (

) ( ) (
-

-

) (
-
-
)(
)(
)(

Black Bitumen's Coatings For Cold Application Type
).. (
:

.
.

:

: - :
- :

Black Bitumen's Coatings For Cold Application Type
).. (
) (

) ( .

Decorative Paint Semigloss
) .. (
:

:

) (-

Decorative Paint Semigloss
) .. (
) (
(-) -
) - (
(-)-
) (
)Hot Applied Thermoplastic Road Marking Materials
).. (
:

.
:
:
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
-
-

) (
) (
-

) (
) (
) (

) (
) (

)(

ASTM A615\A615M-01b

B.S 4449-1997

Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bar for Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM A615\A615M-01b
:
) (
) : (
Deformed Bar Designation No. Nominal Masses , Nominal Dimensions ,
and Deformation Requirements

)
Nominal Dimensions

ASTM A615\A615M-01b
:
) (
) : (
Tensile Requirement
Grade
Grade
40
60
)(MPa
)(MPa
)(

Grade
75

ASTM A615\A615M-01b
:
) (
) : (
Bend Test Requirement

Grade
40
)(
Bar Diameter mm
Grade
75
Grade
60
:
:
)(

Carbon Steel Bar for Reinforcement of Concrete
) (B.S 4449\1997
:

) : (
)(
) \(
: : ) (
) : (
)(
)(
)(

) (B.S 4449\1997
) (
) : (
)(
)(
:
) (
) : (

)(

) (B.S 4449\1997
:
) (
) : (
: Bond and Deformations

:
: I
.
:II

.
) \ ( .
)(

SORB\R5
SORB\R6E
SORB\R6F
) (SORB\R6G
SORB\R6

SORB\R7
SORB\R8A
SORB\R8B
SORB\R9
-

)( Earth Works
)(SORB\R5

:
- :
) ( .
- :Formation Level
.
- :

) (
) (
.
: Suitable Material

.
: Unsuitable material
:
- ) ( .
- .
- .
- ) (
) (
.
- )( ). (

)( Earth Works
)(SORB\R5

:
-:
-
.
- )( .
- .
-
.

.
:
- .
- ) (
.
-
.
-
)(CBR
.
\
.
- ) (
.
-
.
:

:

Soil Cement Stabilised Subgrade , SUB-Base or Base
)(SORB\R6E

: Materials
) (Mix in Place
.
:
- : :
-- : :
- ) (LL
- ) (PI
- ) (PH
- .
)(
.
- .
-- : :
-
- ) ( .
- ) ( .
- ) (
-
- :
.
) (B.S 12 Part 2\1996
) ( B.S 4027 Part 2\1996
) (AASHTO M85-2006 type 5
.
- :

)(SORB\R6E

:

) (AASHTO T134-2005 :
- (-)Compressive Strength\

). (AASHTO T22\2006
-
). (AASHTO T135\2005
- :
) - ( +
) (+
:
\
\ .
). (B.S 1924

.
:

AASHTO
T134-2005 .

)(SORB\R6E

:
:
-
) R5\12(2
) + - (
R9\6 .
-
. AASHTO T134-2005
- .
- ) (Cross Fall .
:

.
.
.
) (
Line Stabilised Sub grade or SUB- BASE
)(SORB \R6F

:

.
.
.
--

)( ) ( :
) : (
LIME

- -
)Quick Lime ,(CaO

Hydrated
Lime , Ca(OH)2

AASHTO M216\2005
AASHTO T219 \2004
--

AASHTO T26-2004
) (
Lime Stabilised Sub grade or SUB- BASE
)(SORB \R6F

:

) (Crushing Strength . ) (-
) (Compressive Strength
\ (1 N\mm2)
) \ ( ) ( .
:
:
AASHTO T88-2004
-
AASHTO T89-2002& AASHTO T90-2004
-
B.S1377 , Test No.11
-
AASHTO T99-2004
-
AASHTO T93
-
:
) (AASHTO T220-2004 :
- .
-
- ) \ (
- .
:

. AASHTO T220 -2004
.
:

: :
- )+ - (
R9\6
- .
- ) (Cross Fall .

Bitumen Stabilised Sub grade or SUB BASE
)(SORB \R6G

:

:
- ) ( .
- ). (LL
- ) (PI .
) (Cutback Bitumen RC70 RC250
RC800 )(AASHTO M81-2004 MC70
MC800MC250 ) . ( AASHTO M82-2004
Cationic SS ) (AASHTO M208-2005
.

) (AASHTO T167- 2005

.

SUB- BASE
SUB - GRADE

Compressive Strength

1kN

2kN
\
1N\mm2

Marshall stability
\
2N\mm2
)(AASHTO T165-2005
:

.
). (Tandem

Bitumen Stabilised Sub grade or SUB BASE
)(SORB \R6G

:

) (Prime Coat .
:

.
- : ) (Cut Back Bitumen
:
AASHTO T40-2002

AASHTO T78-2005
AASHTO T79-2004

AASHTO T72-2001
Saybolt Furol
AASHTO T201-2003
Kinematic Viscosity
AASHTO T202-2003
Absolute Viscosity
AASHTO T59-2001
Cationic
-
ASTM
D4223 .
-
.
- :
- ) (Extraction AASHTO
T164-2004
- .
-
AASHTO T 191-2002
) (Bulk Density .
- ) () (

SUB BASE Course
)(SORB \R6

:
:
-- ) ) (
- .
- ). ( AASHTO T96-2002
-- ) (
-
B.S.1377-1990
AASHTO T112-2004
- )( AASHTO
T146-2004 :
) (

AASHTO T89-2002 LL
) (-
AASHTO T90-2004
PI
- )( \
) ( .
-- : .
-- : )(SO3
) B.S1377-1990
(
-- : ) ( :

SUB BASE Course
)(SORB \R6

) : (
) (
A
-
-
-
-
-
-

-- : ) (CBR B
C D
ASTM D1883AASHTO T180ASTM D 1557
:
.
:

.
:

AASHTO T180-2004
:

. .

)(SORB \R7

:

.a
.b
.c .
:
AASHTO T27 -2006
)(
Imperial

-
-

()
.
() ). (-
:

.

)(SORB \R7

:
AASHTO T96-2002
:
.
AASHTO T146-2004 :
AASHTO
T89-2002
T90-2004
:
B.S 1377 Test No.9
SO3 .
:
ASTM D1883- 2005
Modified Proctor .
Soundness Tests
AASHTO T104-2003

.

)(SORB \R7

:

:
- :
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
- :
:
-
-
-
-

)(SORB \R7

:
:
AASHTO T27-2006 :

)(

:
AASHTO T96-2002
: )(Soundness Test
AASHTO T104-2003
.
.

Bituminous Prime Coat
)(SORB \R8A

: Bituminous binder
:
- MC 30
- MC 70
- MC 250
AASHTO M82-2004 ) (
\ )(GORA Kerosene
:
-
-
: AASHTO :
T40-2002
-
T55-2002
-
-)( T72-2001
T78-2005
-
T79-2004
-
-
T49-2006
T51-2006
T44-2003
- T201-2003
T102-2004
-
:

.
Cationic Bituminous Emulsion AASHTO M208-2005
CSS-I CSS-1h ) ( .

Bituminous Prime Coat
)(SORB \R8A

:
AASHTO T40-2002
AASHTO T59-2001 AASHTO M208-2005
:
\ \

\ \ .
:
:
-
) ( .
-
:
-
.
-
)( .
:
-
.
-
.
-
.
:
.

Bituminous Tack Coat
)(SORB \R8B

:
:
.a RC70
.b RC250
) (AASHTO M81-2004 ) (
\ Cora Standard Motor Spirit
:
-
-
:
AASHTO :
T40-2002
-
T55-2002
-
T72-2001
-)(
T78-2005
-
T79-2004
-
-
T49-2006
T51-2006
T44-2003
T201-2003
-
T102-2004
-
:

.
Cationic Bituminous Emulsion AASHTO M208-2005
CSS-1h CSS-1 ) ( .
:
AASHTO T40-2002
AASHTO M208-2005 AASHTO T59-2001

Bituminous Tack Coat
)(SORB \R8B

:
\ \

\ \.
:
-:
-
.
- .
:

.
:
-
-
.
-
.
- .
-
.

Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement
)(SORB \R9

-- :
:
) ( () () () ()
()
). (
) : (
AASHTO T96-2002

AASHTO T90-2004
AASHTO T89-2002 AASHTO T146-2004

AASHTO T112

-- :

) (
). (

Soundness test

) : (

.
ASTM D4791-2005
) ( ) (
ASTM C88-1999
) ( ) (

AASHTO T 182-2002 ASTM
D1664

)(SORB \R9

-- : ) ( :
) ( () () () () ) (
() AASHTO T176
) () (
)( .
-- :
) (
) (
) (
) ( () ()
) () (
.

) : (
AASHTO T90-2004

-- :
) (

) (
) (
) ( )(\ ) ( COC ) ( ) ( )(
) ( - )( \ ) (
AC-40

AC-30
AC-20

)(SORB \R9

) (

-
-
-
- )(\
- \)(
-
- )(
-
) ( - \)(
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
-- : ) (

: AASHTO M 216-2005
:
-
-

:
-- : )
(.
-- :
.

)(SORB \R9

) : (
IIIB
IIIA
II
I

+
-
-
\
-
-
-
\
-
-
-
-
\
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
) (
: )Job Mix Formula(J.M.F
-- : ):(
) : (

) (
-- :
) (
.

)(SORB \R9

) : (
) (ASTM D1559
) ) (KN ( )(
) (
)(ASTM D 1075 \2000
- ) (
-
-
-
-
-
-
:
-- :
.
-- : Asphalt Mixing Plant
ASTM D995,ASTM D290

.
-- : Compaction Equipment :
- )( Smooth- Steel Wheeled Rollers
-
)(Multi-Wheeled Pneumatic Tyred Rollers
- Vibrating Rollers

-- :
:

-- : ) (

) ( .
-- :
.
B.S.2499 Class A , Grade I and II

) (SORB\ R9

:
:

) (
) (

-- :
:

-
Smooth Steel Wheeled Roller
Multi- Wheeled Pneumatic-Tyred Roller
-

Smooth Steel Wheeled Roller
-- :

-- : :
- AASHTO
T166-2005
- ASTM D2950-2005

:

<
<

) ( SORB\ R9

Weather Limitations
:
-:
-
-
-
- ) (
-
) (

- ) (

.
.

) (

:

-

) (

-:
-
-
-
-
-

) ( SORB\ R9

:

- +
- +

--

-
-

. .
-- :
.
.

AASHTO T168-2003

AASHTO T168-2003

.
) (
.

()

AASHTO M82-2004 Cut Back Asphalt( Medium-Curing Type)

AASHTO M81-2004
Cut Back Asphalt( Rapid-Curing Type)
AASHTO M208-2005 Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
(AASHTO M 82-2004) : ()
TABLE 1
Kinematic
Mc-30
Min. Max.
Viscosity at 60c (140F)

( See Note 1) centistokes
30
60
Flash Point (Tag , open-cup), 38
Degrees C (F)
(100)
Water , Percent
0.2
Distillation test :
Distillate Percentage by volume
of total distillate to 360 C(680 F)
to 225 C (437 F)
25
to 260 C (500 F)
40
70
to 315 C (600F)
75
93
Residue from distillation to 360 C
(680 F) volume percentage of
Sample by difference
50
Test on residue from distillation :

Absolute viscosity at 60 C (140 F)
(See Note 4 ) poises
300 1200
Ductility , 5 cm\cm. ,cm
(See Note 2 )
100
Solubility in Trichlorethylene ,
Percent
99.0
Spot test (See Note 3 ) with :

Standard naphtha
Naphtha xylene solvent
- Percent xylene
Heptane xylene solvent ,
- percent xylene
70
38
(100)
Mc-70
Min.
140
Max.
250
66
(150)
0.2
MC-250
MC-800
MC-3000
Min. Max.
Min. Max. Min. Max
500
0.2
800
66
(150)
1600
35
80
0
20
65
20
60
90
0
15
60
10
55
87
0
45
55
67
75
300
100
99.0
1200
300
1200
300
0.2
1200
100
100
99.0
99.0
3000 6000
66
(150)
0.2
0
15
15
75
80
300 1200
100
99.0
Negative for all grades

NOTE 1 . As an alternate , Saybolt Furol viscosities may be specified as follows :

Grade MC-70 Furol viscosity at 50 C (122 F) 60 t0 120 sec .
Grade MC-800 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) 100 t0 200 sec .
Grade MC-3000 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) 300 t0 600 sec .
NOTE 2. If the ductility at 25 C (77F) is less than 100 , the material will be acceptable if its ductility at
15.5 C (60F) is more than 100 .
NOTE 3 . The use of the spot test is optional . When specified , the Engineer shall indicate whether the
standard naphtha solvent , the naphtha xylene solvent or the heptane xylene solvent will be used in
determining compliance with the requirement , and also , in the case of the xylene solvents , the percentage of
xylene to be used .
NOTE 4 . In lieu of viscosity of the residue , the specifying agency , at its option , can specify penetration
100 g ; 5g at 25 C(77F) of 120 to 250 for Grades MC-30 ,MC 70 , MC-250 , MC-800 , and MC-3000 ,
However , in no case will both be required .
(AASHTO M 81-2004) : ()
TABLE 2
Rc-70
Min. Max.
Kinematic Viscosity at 60 (140F)
( See Note 1) centistokes
70
Flash Point (Tag , open-cup),
Degrees C (F)
Water , Percent
Distillation test :
Distillate , Percentage by volume
of total distillate to 360 C
(680 F)
to 190 C (374 F)
10
to 225 C (437 F)
50
to 260 C (500 F)
70
to 315 C (600F)
85
Residue from distillation to 360 C
(680 F) volume percentage of
Sample by difference
55
Test on residue from distillation :
Absolute viscosity at 60 C (140 F)
(See Note 3 ) poises
600
Ductility , 5 cm\min. at
25 C (77 F) cm
100
Solubility in Trichlorethylene ,
Percent
99.0
Spot test (See Note 2 ) with :
Standard naphtha
Naphtha xylene solvent
- Percent xylene
Heptane xylene solvent ,
- percent xylene
RC-250
Min. Max.
RC-800
Min. Max.
RC-3000
Min. Max.
500
800
27
(80)
1600
0.2
3000
27
(80)
6000
0.2
250
27
(80)
35
60
80
15
45
75
25
70
65
75
80
2400
600
2400
600
2400
600
2400
100
100
100
99.0
99.0
99.0
140
0.2
0.2

NOTE 1 , As an alternate , Saybolt Furol viscosities may be specified as follows :

Grade RC-70 Furol viscosity at 50 C (122 F) 60 t0 120 sec .
Grade RC-250 Furol viscosity at 60 C (140 F) 125 t0 250 sec .
Grade RC-800 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) 100 t0 200 sec .
Grade RC-3000 Furol viscosity at 82.2 C (180 F) 300 t0 600 sec .
NOTE 2 . The use of the spot test is optional . When specified , the Engineer shall indicate whether the
standard naphtha solvent , the naphtha xylene solvent or the heptane xylene solvent will be used in
determining compliance with the requirement , and also , in the case of the xylene solvents , the percentage of
xylene to be used .
NOTE 3 . In lieu of viscosity of the residue , the specifying agency , at its option , can specify penetration at
100 g ; 5s at 25 C(77F) of 80-120 for Grades RC-70 , RC-250 , RC-800 , and RC-3000 , However , in no case
will both be required .
(AASHTO M 208-2005) : ()
TABLE 3
Type
Crade
Test on emulsion
Viscosity , Saybolt Fural at 25oC (77oF) ,S
Viscosity , Saybolt Fural at 50oC (122oF) ,S
Storage stability test, 24 h , percentb
Demulsibility , 35 ml , 0,8 percent
Sodium diocty 1 sulfosucianate , percent
Coating , ability and water resistance
Coating , dry aggregate
Coating , after spraying
Coating , wet aggregate
Coating , after spraying
Particle charge test
Sieve test, percent b
Cement mixing test, percent
Distillation:
Oil distillate, by volume of emulsion,
Percent
Residue, Percent
Tests on residue from distillation test:
Penetration , 25oC (77oF) , 100 g , 5s
Ductility , 25oC (77oF) ,5cm\min , cm
Solubility in trichloroethylene , percent
Rapid-Setting
MediumSetting
Slow-Setting
Quick-Setting
CRS-1
CRS-2
CMS-2
CMS-2h
CSS-1
CSS-1h
COS-1h
Min Max Min Mix Min Max Min Mix Min Max Min Mix Min Max
20
20
100
1
40
100
400
1
50
450
1
50
450
1
100
20
100 20
100
40
good
good
fair
fair
fair
fair
fair
fair
positive
positive
positive
positive
positive
positive
positive
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
2.0
2.0
3
60
100
40
97.5
3
65
250 100 250

40
97.5
12
65
100 250
40
97.5
12
65
40 90
40
97.5
57
57
100 250 40
40
40
97.5
97.5
57
90
40
90
40
97.5
a Refer to R 5 for typical applications .

b This test requirement on representive samples may be waived if successful application of the material has been achieved
in the field
()
( )
Contents
- Soil Particle Size Limits
- Specific Gravity of Some Soils
-Typical Void Ratio , Moisture Content and Dry Unit
Weight for Some Soils
-Denseness of a Granular Soil
-Typical Liquid & Plastic Limits for Clay Minerals
-Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)
-Hydraulic conductivity for Various Soils
-Consistency of Clay
-Correction for Standard Penetration Number ,N
-Relation between the Corrected N-Values and the Relative
Density in Sands and silty sand and gravel
-Correlation between Nf v and for Granular Soils
-Correlation of Cone Resistance with v and Dr for N.C
Sands
Reference
Principles of Foundation Engineering by Braja Das-1999
Principles of Geotechnical Engineering by Braja Das 2002

1- Soil Particle Size Limits
Grain size (mm)
Name of organization
Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT)
U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA)
American Association
Of State Highway and
Transportation
Officials (AASHTO)
Unified Soil
Classification System
Corps of
Engineers , U.S. Bureau
0f Reclamation
Gravel
>2
Sand
2 to 0.06
Silt
0.06 to 0.002
Clay
<0.002
>2
2 to 0.05
0.05 to 0.002
<0.002
76.2 to 2
2 to 0.075
0.075 to 0.002
<0.002
76.2 to 4.75
4.75 to 0.075
Fines
(i.e., silts and clays)
(U.S.Army
<0.075
2- Specific Gravity of Some Soils

Soil Type
Quartz sand
Silt
Clay
Chalk
Loess
Peat
GS
2.64 2.66
2.64 2.73
2.70 2.9
2.60 2.75
2.65 2.73
1.30 1.9
3- Typical Void Ratio , Moisture Content and Dry Unit Weight for
Some Soils
Type of soil
Loose uniform sand
Dense uniform sand
Loose angular grained silty sand
Dense angular grained silty sand
Stiff clay
Soft clay
Loess
Soft organic clay
Glacial till
Void ratio
e
0.8
0.45
0.65
0.4
0.6
0.9-104
0.9
2.5-3.2
0.3
Natural moisture
Content in
Dry unit weight ,d
Sturated condition
(%)
(Ib\ft3)
(kN\m3)
30
92
14.5
16
115
18
25
102
16
15
120
19
21
108
17
30-50
73-92
11.5-14.5
25
86
13.5
90-120
38-51
6-8
10
134
21

4- Denseness of a Granular Soil
Relative density , Dr(%)
Description of
soil deposit
Very loose
Loose
Medium
Dense
Very dense
0-15
15-50
50-70
70-85
85-100
emax e
emax emin
1 nmin nmax n
nmax nmin 1 n
Dr=
Where : Dr= relative density , usually given as apercentage

e = in situ void ratio of the soil
emax.= void ratio of the soil in the loosest state
emin.= void ratio of the soil in the densest state
nmax and nmin = Porosity of the soil in the loosest and densest conditions
5- Typical Liquid & Plastic limits for some Clay Minerals
Description
Kaolinite
Illite
Montmorillonite
Liquid limit ,LL

35-100
60-120
100-900
Plastic limits ,PL

20-40
35-60
50-100
6- Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

U.S Standard Sieve Size
Sieve no.
Opening (mm)
4
6
8
10
16
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
140
170
200
270
4.750
3.350
2.360
2.000
1.180
0.850
0.600
0.425
0.300
0.250
0.180
0.150
0.106
0.088
0.075
0.053

Symbols for Identification
Symbol
Description
Gravel Sand Silt
Clay
Pt
Organic silts Peat and highly

and clay
organic soils
High
plasticity
Low
plasticity
Plasticity Chart
70
CH
or
OH
Plasticity index
60
50
40
CL
or
OL
30
MH
or
OH
20
CL-ML
ML
10
or
OL
10 16 20 30 40 50
60
70
80 90
Liquid Limit
100
P
Well
graded
Poorly
graded

Group Symbols
Major division
F200<50 Gravels
>0.5
Group
Symbol
Criiteria
GW
GP
F200<5;Cu 4;1C3
F200<5;Not meeting the GW criteria of Cu and Cz
GM
F200>12;PI <4 or plots below A-Line

GC
GM-GC
GW-GM
GW-GC
GP-GM
GP-GC
SW
SP
Sand
0.5 SM
R4
R200
F200>12;PI >7 and plots on or above A-Line

F200>12;PI plots in the hatched area
5F200 12;Satisfies Cu and Cz criteria of GW and meets the PI Criteria for GM
5F200 12;Satisfies Cu and Cz criteria of GW and meets the PI Criteria for GC
5F200 12;does not satisfy Cu and Cz criteria of GW and meets the PI Criteria for GM
5F200 12;does not satisfy Cu and Cz criteria of GW and meets the PI Criteria for GC
F200<5;Cu 6;1 C3
F200<5;Not meeting the SW criteria of Cu and Cz
R4
R200
F200>12; PI <4 or plots below A-Line
SC
SM-SC
SW-SM
SW-SC
SP-SM
SP-SC
F200 50 Silts and ML
Clays
CL
LL <50 CL-ML
OL
Silts and
Clays
MH
CH
LL 50
OH
Highly
Organic
Matter
Pt
F200>12; PI >7 and plots on or above A-Line

F200>12; PI > plots in the hatched area
5F200 12;Satisfies Cu and Cz criteria of SW and meets the PI Criteria for SM
5F200 12;Satisfies Cu and Cz criteria of SW and meets the PI Criteria for SC
5F200 12;does not satisfy Cu and Cz criteria of SW and meets the PI Criteria for SM
5F200 12;does not satisfy Cu and Cz criteria of SW and meets the PI Criteria for SC
PI <4 or plots below A-Line
PI >7 or plots on or above A-Line
PI plots in the hatched area
LL(ovendried)
LL(notdried)
<0.75 ;PI Plots in the OL area
PI plots below A-Line

PI plots on or above A-Line
LL( ovendried )
LL( notdried )
<0.75 ;PI Plots in the OH area
Peat
D60
D30
;Cz=Coefficient of gradation =
Note :Cu = uniformity
D60 D10
D10
coefficient =
LL = liquid limit on minus 40 sieve fraction
PL = Plasticity index on minus 40 sieve fraction

7- Hydraulic Conductivity for Various Soils
Hydraulic
conductivity ,k
(cm\sec)
Greater than 10-1
10-1to 10-3
10-3to 10-5
10-4to 10-6
10-7or less
Type of soil
Medium to coarse gravel
Coarse to fine sand
Fine sand , silty sand
Silt , clayey , silty clay
Clays
8- Consistency of clay
qu
(kNlm2)
0-25
25-50
50-100
100-200
200-400
>400
Consistency
Very soft
Soft
Medium stiff
Stiff
Very stiff
Hard
ton\ft2
0-2.25
0.25-0.5
0.5-1
1-2
2-4
>4
9- Corrosion for Standard Penetration Number ,N

Nc=CNNF
[95.6kN\m2(1ton\ft2)] v Where Nc= corrected N value to a standard value of
CN = correction factor
Nf = Nvalue obtained from the field
Empirical Relationships for CN
Source
1
v
2
1 v
CN
Liao and Whitman (1986)
Skempton (1986)
v
1 1.25 log
1
Seed et al (1975)
Where
20
0.77 log
v
= 1U.S. ton\f2
Peck et al.(1974)
for
v o.25
U.S. ton\f2 v Note :
U.S. ton\f2

10- Relations between the Corrected N- values and the Relative Density in
Sands and silty sand and Gravel
Relative density
Very -Loose
Loose
Medium
Dense
Very- Dense
N-value
>4
4-10
10-30
30-60
>50
20
30
NF
40
50
60
m2 )
10
0
0
Vertical effective overburden pressure, \ (KN
11- Correlation between NF, o and f for Granular Soils
=500
50
100
150
45o
40o
200
35o
250
30o
25o
, f and Dr for N.C Sands o 12- Correlation of Cone Resistance with
100
200
300
400
90
80
70
60
50Dr=40
Cone point resistance

10
20
30
40
0
0
Vertical effective overburden pressure,
500
(KN\m2)
(MN\m2) o
(KN\m2)
10
0
0
Cone point resistance

20
30
40
50
Vertical effective overburden pressure,
(MN \m2) o
50
50
=480
100
46o
150
200
44o
250
300
42o
350
400
30o 32o2
34
36o
38o
40o
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (
) : (

) (
*
*
-
.

.
.
-
.
.

) (
*
-
*
-

) (
*
-
*
-

) (
*
-: -
-
-
-

) ( )
(.
-

:
) (

.

) ( ) (

*
)(
)( *

) (

) ( :

:

)(

.

) (

.

) (
) (
*
) ( ) ( ) ( - )(
* :
) ( -
-
-

.
) (

) (
) (
)(.

.

) (

). (

.
.

) )( (
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

)(

)(
)(

) (
*
)( )( ) ( ) ( ) (
) ( )( -
*
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO SO3 C3A C2S C3S - R2O3

) ( )
(
.
) (

.
)(

.

.

) (
*
-
-
) (
) ( .
-
) ( ) ( -:
-- ) ( .
-- ) (
-- ) (
-- ) (
-

) .. (
) ( .
*
-
-
) ( ) (
.
-
) ( ) ( -:
-- )(
.
-- ) (
-- ) (
-- ) (
-- ) (

.
-

) .. (
) ( .
*
-

) ( ) (
) (-
) ( ) (
) ( .
*
-

:
) (

) ( ) (
)(
) (

) (

) (
*
-

) (
) ( )(
) (

*
-
) (
) (
*
-

.
) ( .
) ( .
) ( )(

.
) ( )( ) ( ) ( )(
) (
) ( .
*
-

:
) (

) ( ) (
)(
) (

*
-

) ( ) (
) (-
) ( ) ( ) (
B.S 6431\Part 23\1986

Sample size
Properties
Dimensions a
Surface quality b
Water absorptionc
Modulus of rupturee
Scratch hardness
(Mohs)
Resistance to abrasion
UGL
Coefficient of linear
thermal expansion
Resistance to thermal
shock
Crazing resistance
Chemical resistance
UGL
Chemical resistance
GL
Resistnce to abrasion
GL PELk
Resistance to abrasion
GL MCCk
Frost resistancek
Moisture expansion
a
Initial
Second
10
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1m2
5d
10
7g
10
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1m2
5d
10
7g
10
10
Inspection by attributes if required

Initial Sample
Initial +Second samples
Acceptance
Rejection
Rejection
Acceptance
number
number
number
number Ac2
Ac1
Re1
Re2
0
2
1
2
1
3
3
4
1
4
4
5
2
5
5
6
2
5
6
7
2
6
7
8
3
7
8
9
4
8
9
10
4
9
10
11
4
9
>5
>5
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
*
*
8
10
11
Inspection by average value if required

Initial Sample
Initial +Second samples
Second sample
Rejection
Acceptable
Acceptable
to be drawn
justified
if
if
if
if
e
X1 >L
X1 <L
X2 >L
X2 <L
f
X1 <U
X1 >U
X2 <U
X2 >U
X1 >Le
X1 <L
X2 >L
X2 <L
Test
method
EN 98
EN 98
EN99
EN100
EN101
EN102
2i
1i
2i
EN103
EN101
EN101
EN101
EN122
11
10
7
When classified according to the PEL or MCC method , the abrasion class shall be equal to or better than the abrasion class
specified by the manufacturer
0
0
1
2
EN154
EN202
EN155
Only for tiles with individual facial areas 4 cm

At least 1 m2 with a minimum of 30 tiles. Whatever the number of tiles 1 m2 , the test sample should be the nearest 10 tiles
above.
Conformity to AQL 2.5 in accordance with ISO 2859 or 3951 is acceptable alternative to the
procedures in Table 1.
c
The sample size depends on the size of the tiles .
d
Only for tiles with individual facial areas > 0.04 m2 . In the case of tiles weighing <50 g a sufficient number shall be taken so
as to form 5 test specimens each weighing between 50 and 100 g .
e
L = Lower specification limit .
f
U = upper specification limit .
g
Only for tiles with lengths 48 mm
h
Number of measurements .
I
Number of test specimens .
j
Per test solution .
k
There is no double sampling test procedure for these properties .
b
)(

*
-
-
-
-
-

:

) ( ) (
)(
. )
( ) (
) ( .
*
-
) (

*
)( -

.
.
)( )( )( .
)(
)( .

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
) ( ) (

) ( -

) (
) (

*
) ( ) (

) ( -

) (
: )(
)(

) (

-

...

-
.
-

) (.
- ) (
) (
) ( .
- ) (

) (
.
*
) ( -
)
(

*

.
) ( )

( .

.

*
-

) (
)
(

*
-
) .(
) (.
)
(
-

*

) ( ) ( -:

*
-
.. ) (
*

.
:
.
*
.
) ( .
ASTM C881-02
*
) (Gel Time -
*
-:

-:
-
:

)(
) (
) (
.

) (

)(
.
*
-
:

.

.

.
:

.

*
*
*
*
) ( -
-
-

) ( )( -:
2
-

-
) (
*
-
-

) ( -
) (

) ( *
*
-
: -
-
-
-
-
-
-
) ( -
) (

-
-
-

) (\
*
-
*
-
-

)( *
*
)(

) (

*
-
*
) (*
*

:
:
:
*
-
-

) ( -
) (

B.S 3262 - 1987
) (

B.S 4449-1978
ASTM A615/A , 615M-01b
B.S 4449-1997

-:
)(
)(

.
ASTM A615 \ A , 615M-01b

) (
) ( )(Embankment & Filling

) SORB )(R5 (

) ( -
- ) (
.
-

.
-
.
) (
)(
)(Subgrade
)(Natural or Fill Subgrade
) SORB ( R5

- ) (

-
) (
) - (C.B.R ) (
) ( ) (
) (C.B.R - :
-
-
) B ( C ) SORB . (R6

)(Soil Cement Stabilized Subgrade Course Subase or base
) SORB ( R6E

:
-
-- ) ( Silty and Clayey Soils
- ) (
.
-
) (
* )(Sulphates
* )(Chlorides
(PH Value) PH ) ( 0.002 mm)
(
-- )(Sandy and Gravelly Soils
- ) (
) (-
-
) (
) (
-

) ( SO3 ) (Cl ) (
) (
(PH Value)PH

:
) SORB (R6E

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( -

) ( Lime Stabilized Subgrade or sub-base
) SORB (R6F

:
- ) (Clay Soils )(Clayey Gravels
)(Acidity ) (Compaction Test -
- )(Lime
)(Calcium and Magnesium Oxides

-
- ) (
.
-
(
)(

)(

) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

) ( Bitumen Stabilized Subgrade and sub-base
) SORB (R6G

:
- )(Sand or Sand and Gravel Mixture
)( -
- ) (

-
) (
) (
-
-- ) (Asphaltic Cement
-:*
* / )(

-- )(Cut- Back Asphalt

)(Saybolt Furol Viscosity
)(Absolute Viscosity - )(
-- )(Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
) ( Saybolt Furol viscosity

)(Storage Stability test ) (Demulsibility )(Coating Ability and Water Resistance
)(Particle Charge test
)(Cement Mixing test )(Sieve test )(Distillation*
-
:
) SORB (R6G

) (
) (

)(Selected Granular Material for Subbase Course
) SORB (R6G

)( - ) ( .
-
) (

.
-
) (CBR

.
*
) (
).( ) (

) (
) (B&C&D
)( R6
)(Bituminous Prime Coat

) SORB R8A ( R8B

)()(
Cut- back Asphalt (medium curing type)and
)Cut-back Asphalt (Rapid curing type
)(Saybolt Furol Viscosity *

)(Absolute Viscosity ) () (
) (ASTM D2027-2004 ) (ASTM D2028-2004
) (
) (AASHTO M82 -2004 ) (AASHTO M81-2004
)() () (Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
)(Saybolt Furol Viscosity )(Storage Stability test ) (Classification test )(Coating Ability and Water Resistance
)(Particle Charge test )(Cement Mixing test )(Sieve test )(Distillation*
) ( )(ASTM D 2397 - 2005
)( )(AASHTO M802- 2005
) (Base Course

) SORB (R7

)( /

) (
- ) (
.
- )
(
) (
*
)(Juss Content - )(Soundness Loss
)
(
) SORB (R9

:
-

.
) (

.

.

.

) ) (
.
- ) (Asphaltic Cement
) SORB (R9
-:*
* \)(
:
) SORB (R9

) ( -

) SORB (R9

*
) ( *
-
- .
- ) (
) (
.

.
- -:
-- -:

.
--

:

)(

) (

) (
--

) (

.
--

.

.
-
)(
.
- :
--
.
--
.

.

) ( ) (

:
- -:
)(
.
- -:

) ( ) ( ) ) (
( ) ( )( )(
) ( ) (-
) ( ).(-
- -:
)( .
- -:
--
). (
-- ) (
) ( .
) (

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-:
- :

.
- :

)
)( (.

.
-:
) ( ) (

) --

(

) ( ) (
-
-

) (

.
-
- .
) (
)
(

-

) (-

)(
) ( ) ( ) ( )(

) (
)
(

.
) (
) (
.

:
) (
.
)(
) (
.
*) (

.
) (

.
) (/
)(
) ( )( ) (
.

) (DGMARKET
.

:
:

) (

.
:

) (
:

.
: ) (
)(
) ( .

) (
:
) ( :

.
) ( :

.
* : ) (
/ /

:
) ( /
/
.
) (

.
) (
-

.
* ) ( :

) (/

.

)
(
:
) (
:
.

.
* :
) ( )
(
) (/
) ( ) (
.

.
.

.
)
( :
.
.

) (

.

.

) ( CIP , CFR, CIF, FOB.
)
( .
.

.

.

.

.
* )%
(
.
:

)(
.

) ( %

) (/

) (

)( .

)( )( ) ( .

.
.

) (
)( ) ( ) (
.
) (
)(
) ( ) (
)(
)( .
)(
.
) (
.
) (
) (
.
)( )( )( )( )( )(
) (
.
:
) ( .
) (

)( .
) ( .
) (
.
) ( .
)(
) ( ) ( .
) (

) (

.
) (
.
) (
.
) (
.
) ( ) (

.
) ( .
) (

.
) (
.
) (
.
.

:
) (

) (

.

.

.
:

.

.

.
.
.
)
( .

.

) (
.

.

.
.

.

) (

.

) (

.

)(
) (

) (
:
) ( .

.

) ( .

) ( .

) ( :
)
(
)Bond
(Performance
) (
}. {Irrevocable & Unconfirmed Letter Of Credit

) (

)
(.
:
)( .

) (Incoterms
) (FOB\CIF\CFR\CIP .
) (
).(Final Destination
) (Partial Shipment

.
) (Transshipment
.
.
) (Delivery time .

.

.
) (
) ( .

.

) (Irrevocable & Confirmed L\C
) (Confirmation charges .
) (
) (

.
) ( ) (

) (
.
(All bank charges "inside & outside" are on
) Beneficiary account
) (All Risks

) CIF
.(CIP

) (

) ( UCp 600
)(
.

) (Demurrage
.

.

.
) (Missing items
) (Damage

) (CIF or CIP .

) (The pener Bank .
(Transferable
) L/C
.

) (Bank Guarantee

) (On Demand

) (
). (Loaded On Deck

)(The opener Bank

.
)
(

ractice
and
Customs
Uniform
(The
) Documentary Credit .

:
:

) ( )
( )
(

) (

) (

) (
)(

) (

) (

.
)
( .

) ( .
) (
) (
) (

:
:
)
(
.

) (
.
:
) // (
) (

.
:
) ( .

.
) (
) (
) (

) (

.
:

:

)(
) ( .

) (

) (

.

.
:

.

) (%

( %

.

.

) (

/ .
:
) ( %

)
(% )
(

) = ( %

.

.
)
( %
.
) ( :

.
/

)( ) ( ) (
.

.
:

) ( .
)
(
.
)(

/
.

:

) ( ) ( .

.
.
.

.

) ( .
.
// //
/ ) (
- )/ / (/ -:

% .
- ) / ( -:
- ) (
-:
. - )/ ( :
" "

.
- )//( :
-: (-) -
.
- ) ( .
- .
- )/ ( -:
%

.
- / /
/ . /
- / /
.
- / / .
-
/ .
- / /
/ / . /
- / / /
/ . /
- / .

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
/
/
/
/
/
/. /
/. /
/. /
/. /

/
-
-
-
-
-
/ /

/. . /
.
/. . /
.
/.. /
/. . /
: /
- . / /

- / /
.

- /. /
- / /

- / /

- / . /

- / /
- / /

- / /

- /. / .
- /. /
- /. /

دليل المهندس المقيم للمش اريع الأنشائية

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

دليل المهندس المقيم للمش اريع الأنشائية

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

.

.................... ............ ...............

- ). (PERMANENT SHEET PILES

--- ) (BRIDGE ABUTEMENTS .

: " " " "

- " " " "

" " " "

: " " " "

" " " "

" : " " "

- " " " "

"" " " )

- " " " "

" " " " " " " " .

" " " " " "

- " " ) ( ) ( " "

" " " "

" " " " " "

" : " " "

" " " "

: " " " "

. " " " "

. " " " "

" " " "

" " " " " "

" " " "

- " " " " " "

. " " " "

" " " " " "

" " " " " "

" " " "

" " " "

: " " "

. " " " "

- " " " "

" " " " " "

- " " " " .

" " " "

. " " " "

Some Geotechnical Properties of soils

9- Correction for Standard Penetration Number ,N

Putty For Use On Window Glass

: Bond and Deformations

)Quick Lime ,(CaO

AASHTO M82-2004 Cut Back Asphalt( Medium-Curing Type)

Viscosity at 60c (140F)

Test on residue from distillation :

Spot test (See Note 3 ) with :

Negative for all grades

NOTE 1 . As an alternate , Saybolt Furol viscosities may be specified as follows :

Negative for all grades

NOTE 1 , As an alternate , Saybolt Furol viscosities may be specified as follows :

250 100 250

a Refer to R 5 for typical applications .

Some Geotechnical Properties of Soils

2- Specific Gravity of Some Soils

Some Geotechnical Properties of Soils

Where : Dr= relative density , usually given as apercentage

Liquid limit ,LL

Plastic limits ,PL

6- Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

Some Geotechnical Properties of Soils

Gravel Sand Silt

Organic silts Peat and highly