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HyperZDPTM System Assessments: Part 1 Field Trial Performance Part 2 Emissions Performance
Ewa A. Bardasz, Elizabeth Schiferl, William Nahumck, Jack Kelley and Lewis Williams Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, Ohio, USA Michael J. Riley and Carolyn P. Hubbard Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
Background Real Life Test: Objectives and Variables Results: Engine Inspections, Used Oil Analysis, P Retention Assessments Conclusions
Mission
Key drivers for lubricant performance:
Long life engine protection: wear, deposits, oil oxidation/sludge control Long life catalytic converter (TWC) efficiency: reduced deactivation due to phosphorous exposure
Focus: to develop an environmentally superior ZDP, which is capable to protect both - engine and TWC
ZDPs has been used to control wear, oxidation and corrosion in crankcase lubricants since 1940s ZDPs can also reduce TWC efficiency through phosphorus deactivation HyperZDPTM System is designed to be emissions friendly and to minimize volatile phosphorus species that can exit the engine, accumulate on TWC active sites, and reduce their effectiveness. HyperZDPTM System is designed to maintain or improve engine oil robustness
Lubricants Studied
Oil Code KV @ 100C, cSt CCS @ -30 C, cPs Calcium (ppm) Phosphorous (ppm)
OIL 1
OIL 2
OIL 1
OIL 2
OIL 1
0.00
OIL 2
0 = dirty
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Engine Sludge
Piston Deposits
Engine Varnish
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12
Oil 1
Oil 2
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14
PPM
5,000
7,500
Linear (TBN N orm. Oil 1) Linear (TBN N orm. Oil 2) Linear (TAN N orm. Oil 1) Linear (TAN N orm. Oil 2)
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Conclusions
Field trial demonstrated that HyperZDP System:
Maintains both excellent antiwear engine protection good deposit and antioxidancy characteristics Reduces P volatility vs. conventional technology and minimizes potential for catalyst deactivation by 50%. Volatized P contribution is equal or less than consumed oil P contribution.
Significant impact of reduced P volatility on TWC efficiency is discussed in SAE paper 2007-01-4107.
HyperZDP System protects both the engines and TWCs in real world field service.
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Comparison of the Cumulative Total P Generated (volatilized ZDP and oil consumption contribution)
V o l P ho s (g ) C o ns um e d O il P ho s (g )
E s tim a te d T o ta l P h o s E x p o s u r e (g )
0 .0 0 O il 1 -2 0 8 5 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 1 5 .0 0 2 0 .0 0
Conventional ZDP
O il 1 -6 7 5 O il 1 -0 2 5 O il 2 -4 1 0
HyperZDP System
O il 2 -0 2 2 O il 2 -3 7 0
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Data Examined: CO, NOx, THC, and THC Light-Off Time (Bag 1)
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Positive Effect of HyperZDP System on THC LightOff time: Observed Statistically Significant Differences
% Efficiency
Fresh catalyst = 29.1 secs HyperZDP System=30.9 secs Conventional ZDP = 32.7 secs.
Time (sec)
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The Lubrizol Corporation 2009, all rights reserved
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INLET
Brick
Brick
At Inlet of TWC: Exhaust gases generated by HyperZDP System deposited significantly smaller amount of P containing compounds than conventional ZDP Observed 30% reduction in P level vs. conventional ZDP At Outlet of TWC: Detected minimal amounts of P
OUTLET
30
%P measured by XRF
Conclusions
NYC Taxi Trial Conducted with 0.076 % P, GF4 Fluids Demonstrated that Lubrizols Environmentally Superior ZDP:
Keeps P in oil drains Maintains excellent antiwear/antioxidancy performance in the field Less P is deposited on the TWC resulting in statistically significant
Improved TWC THC light-off time Lowered NOx emissions.
Lubrizols HyperZDP System clearly shows improvements in TWC efficiencies and protects engines in real world field service.
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