1

SW CHAPTER 22—"PROTISTS"--THE SIMPLEST EUKARYOTES

SHORT ANSWER

1. For each structure, mark P if it is a prokaryotic (bacterial) characteristic, E if it is a eukaryotic

characteristic, or B if it is a characteristic of both.

1. ______ Nucleus
2. ______ Circular DNA
3. ______ Mitosis/meiosis
4. ______ Can be photoautotrophs
5. ______ Mitochondria
6. ______ Ribosomes
7. ______ Endoplasmic reticulum

ANS:

1. E
2. P
3. E
4. B
5. E
6. B
7. E

PTS: 1 OBJ: Labeling TOP: 22.1 AN EVOLUTIONARY ROAD MAP

2. The vast majority of protists are (1)_____________________-celled and live in

(2)_____________________ habitats. Although tiny, they have had a huge impact on Earth. The
calcium-rich shells of (3)_____________________ and (4)_____________________ have produced
large chalk and limestone deposits. (5)_____________________ was the main cause of the Irish potato
famine. Related species have caused an epidemic of (6)_____________________ in California.

All protists are eukaryotes and, unlike prokaryotes, have a(n) (7)_____________________. They also
have larger (8)_____________________ than prokaryotes and more than one
(9)_____________________. DNA studies have shown the kingdom Protista is
(10)_____________________ and it is currently being separated into monophyletic groups.

ANS:

1. single
2. aquatic
3. foraminiferans (coccolithophores)
4. coccolithophores (foraminiferans)
5. Phytophthora infestans
6. sudden oak death
7. nucleus
8. ribosomes
9. chromosome
10. polyphyletic
 2

PTS: 1 OBJ: Fill-in-the-Blanks

TOP: 22.1 AN EVOLUTIONARY ROAD MAP

3. (1)____________________ and (2)____________________ are two of the earliest lineages of protists.

Both groups contain (3)____________________ members that infect humans. Some flagellated
protozoa, like (4)____________________, can be photosynthetic. A(n) (5)____________________
near the base of the flagellum helps to orient them toward the light. Examples of flagellated protozoans
that are parasitic include the (6)____________________, two species of which cause African sleeping
sickness and Chagas disease. (7)____________________ is a sexually transmitted flagellate that can
cause damage to the reproductive system. (8)____________________ caused by Giardia lamblia is an
intestinal problem that is often transmitted by drinking contaminated water.
(9)____________________ secrete a hard exterior covering of calcareous material that is peppered
with tiny holes through which sticky, food-trapping pseudopods extend. Paramecium is a ciliate that
lives in (10)____________________ environments and depends on (11)____________________ for
eliminating the excess water constantly flowing into the cell. (12)____________________ is an
infamous apicomplexan that causes malaria. After a particular type of (13)____________________
draws blood from an infected individual,(14)____________________ of the parasite mature within the
(13) and fuse to form zygotes, which eventually develop into the infective stage.

ANS:

1. Parabasalids (Diplomonads)
2. diplomonads (parabasalids)
3. parasitic (pathogenic)
4. euglenoids
5. eyespot
6. trypanosomes
7. Trichomonas vaginalis
8. Giardiasis
9. Foraminiferans
10. aquatic
11. contractile vacuoles
12. Plasmodium
13. mosquito
14. gametocytes (gametes)

PTS: 1 OBJ: Fill-in-the-Blanks

TOP: 22.7 MALARIA AND THE NIGHT-FEEDING MOSQUITOES

4. Put as many letters in each blank as are applicable.

a. red tide
b. photosynthetic
c. flagellated
d. African sleeping sickness
e. malaria
f. transmitted by contaminated water
g. apicomplexan
h. primary component of many ocean sediments
i. ciliated
 3

j. transmitted by biting insects

k. sexually transmitted

1. __________ Euglena gracilis

2. __________ foraminiferans
3. __________ Paramecium
4. __________ Plasmodium
5. __________ Giardia lamblia
6. __________ Trichomonas vaginalis
7. __________ Trypanosoma brucei
8. __________ dinoflagellates

ANS:

1. B, C
2. H
3. I, F
4. E, G, J
5. C, F
6. C, K
7. C, D, J
8. A, C

PTS: 1 OBJ: Choice

TOP: 22.7 MALARIA AND THE NIGHT-FEEDING MOSQUITOES

5. (1)____________________ include 600 species of "yellow-green algae," about 500 species of "golden
algae," and more than 5,600 existing species of (2)____________________. Except in yellow-green
algae, photosynthetic chrysophytes contain xanthophylls and (3)____________________; those
pigments mask the green color of chlorophyll in golden algae and diatoms. Diatom cells have external
thin, overlapping "shells" of (4)____________________ that fit together like a pillbox. Related
(5)____________________ include the giant kelps, the largest, most complex protists. Off the coast of
California, giant kelp beds serve as the platforms for productive (6)____________________. Kelp is
also the commercial source of (7)____________________, which serve as thickening and emulsifying
agents.

(8)____________________ are ancient nonphotosynthetic stramenopiles. Most are the

(9)____________________, which are mainly decomposers in aquatic environments but also include
the (10)____________________, which are major plant pathogens and include the species responsible
for the mid-19th century potato famine in Ireland.

Red algae have chloroplasts very similar to (11)____________________, which hints at an

endosymbiotic origin. (12)____________________ is extracted from cell walls of some red algal
species and is used as a gelling agent. Green algae are thought to be ancestral to more complex plants,
because they have the same types and proportions of (13)____________________ pigments, have
(14)____________________ in their cell walls, and store their carbohydrates as
(15)____________________.

ANS:

1. Chrysophytes
 4

2. diatoms
3. fucoxanthin (carotenoids)
4. silica (glass)
5. brown algae
6. ecosystems
7. algins
8. Oomycotes
9. water molds
10. downy mildews
11. cyanobacteria
12. Agar
13. photosynthetic
14. cellulose (pectins, polysaccharides)
15. starch

PTS: 1 OBJ: Fill-in-the-Blanks

TOP: 22.12 AMOEBOID CELLS AT THE CROSSROADS

6. How are green algae similar to plants? How do they differ?

ANS:
Both contain chlorophylls a and b, store carbohydrates (sugars) as starch, and strengthen cell walls
with cellulose. The green algae, however, are aquatic, unlike most land plants.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Short Answer

TOP: 22.12 AMOEBOID CELLS AT THE CROSSROADS

7. How are amoebas and slime molds similar? How do they differ?

ANS:
Both can be predatory, irregularly shaped single cells that move via pseudopods and reproduce by
mitosis and cytoplasmic division. In slime molds, however, one cell can form a multinucleated
plasmodium, or cells can associate into a multicellular mass.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Short Answer

TOP: 22.12 AMOEBOID CELLS AT THE CROSSROADS

8. What are the typical pigments and human uses of each of the following?

1. Golden algae

2. Brown algae
 5

3. Red algae

4. Green algae

ANS:

1. chlorophyll a, c1, and c2, fucoxanthin, and other carotenoids; remains quarried for insulation,
abrasives, and filtering material
2. chlorophyll a, c1, and c2, fucoxanthin and other carotenoids; used to make algin, a thickener,
emulsifier, and stabilizer of foods, cosmetics, medicines, paper, and floor polish; also are
sources of mineral salts, food, and fertilizer
3. chlorophyll a, phycobilins; agar is a gel extracted for use as a moisture-preserving agent and
culture medium; carrageenan is extracted for use in thickening sauces and dairy foods (it
stabilizes emulsions)
4. chlorophylls a and b; chlorophytes like Ulva are eaten by humans and many are part of food
webs that support humans

PTS: 1 OBJ: Short Answer

TOP: 22.12 AMOEBOID CELLS AT THE CROSSROADS

9. Identify each indicated part of the following illustration by entering its name in the appropriate
numbered blank. Choose from the following terms:

cytoplasmic fusion, asexual reproduction, resistant zygote, fertilization, zygote, meiosis, germination,
gamete production, gametes meet

Complete the exercise by entering the letter for the proper description in the parentheses following
each label.
6

a. Fusion of two gametes of different mating types

b. A device to survive unfavorable environmental conditions
c. More spore copies are produced
d. Fusion of two haploid nuclei
e. Haploid cells form smaller haploid gametes when nitrogen levels are low
f. Formed after fertilization
g. Two haploid gametes coming together
h. Reduction of the chromosome number

1. ( )
2. ( )
3. and
( )
4. ( )
5. ( )
6. ( )
7. ( )
8. ( )

ANS:

1. zygote (F)
2. resistant zygote (B)
3. meiosis and germination (H)
4. asexual reproduction (C)
 7

5. gamete production (E)

6. gametes meet (G)
7. cytoplasmic fusion (A)
8. fertilization (D)

PTS: 1 OBJ: Labeling and Matching

TOP: 22.12 AMOEBOID CELLS AT THE CROSSROADS

10. ___ Which is not regarded as one of the major protist lineages?
a. green algae
b. blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
c. red algae
d. ciliates, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans

ANS:
B

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

11. ___ Which of the following specialized structures is not correctly paired with a function?
a. gullet--ingestion
b. cilia--food gathering
c. contractile vacuole--digestion
d. chloroplast--food production

ANS:
C

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

12. ___ Which of the following is not one of the stramenopiles?

a. diatom
b. euglenoid
c. oomycote
d. brown algae

ANS:
B

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

13. ___ Population "blooms" of ______ cause "red tides" and extensive fish kills.
a. Euglena
b. specific dinoflagellates
c. diatoms
d. Plasmodium

ANS:
B

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

 8

14. ___ Which of the following is not a parasitic flagellated protozoan?

a. Plasmodium sp.
b. Giardia lamblia
c. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. Trypanosoma cruzi

ANS:
A

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

15. ___ Which of the following protists does not cause great misery to humans?
a. Dictyostelium discoideum
b. Giardia lamblia
c. Plasmodium
d. Trypanosoma brucei

ANS:
A

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

16. ___ Which of the following are decomposers?

a. slime molds
b. water molds
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b

ANS:
C

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

17. ___ Red algae ______.

a. are primarily marine organisms
b. contain chlorophylls a and b
c. contain xanthophyll as their main accessory pigment
d. all of the above

ANS:
A

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

18. ____ Stemlike structure, leaflike blades, and gas-filled floats are found in the species of ______.
a. red algae
b. brown algae
c. bryophytes
d. green algae
 9

ANS:
B

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

19. ___ Because of pigmentation, cellulose walls, and starch storage similarities, the ______ algae are
thought to be ancestral to more complex plants.
a. red
b. brown
c. blue-green
d. green

ANS:
D

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

20. Match all applicable letters with the appropriate terms. A letter may be used more than once, and a
blank may contain more than one letter.

a. Protista
b. slime mold
c. oomycote
d. red tide
e. obtain food by using pseudopods
f. causes malaria
g. apicomplexan
h. ciliate
i. live in "glass" houses
j. live in hardened shells that have thousands of tiny holes, through which pseudopods protrude
k. photosynthetic

1. ______ Euglena gracilis

2. ______ Amoeba proteus
3. ______ diatoms
4. ______ Dictyostelium
5. ______ foraminiferans
6. ______ dinoflagellates
7. ______ Paramecium
8. ______ Plasmodium
9. ______ Phytophthora infestans

ANS:

1. A, K
2. A, E
3. A, I, K
4. A, B
5. A, E, J, K
6. A, D, K
7. A, H
 10

8. A, F, G
9. A, C

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

21. Identify the organisms in the accompanying illustrations.

a. Amoeba proteus
b. diatoms
c. Euglena
d. foraminiferans
e. Paramecium
 11

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ANS:

1. B
2. D
3. E
4. A
5. C

PTS: 1 OBJ: Self-Quiz

22. State the principal characteristics of the radiolarians and foraminiferans. Indicate how they generally
move from one place to another and how they obtain food.

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Chapter Objectives/Review Questions

23. Two flagellated protozoans that cause human misery are __________ and __________.

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Chapter Objectives/Review Questions

24. Characterize the apicomplexan group, identify the group's most prominent representative, and describe
the life cycle of that organism.

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Chapter Objectives/Review Questions

25. List the features common to most ciliated protozoans.

 12

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Chapter Objectives/Review Questions

26. How do golden algae resemble diatoms?

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Chapter Objectives/Review Questions

27. Explain what causes red tides.

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Chapter Objectives/Review Questions

28. State the outstanding characteristics of the red, brown, and green algae.

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Chapter Objectives/Review Questions

29. Explain why taxonomy of Protista has been so difficult. What are the currently accepted groupings
within this kingdom?

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Integrating and Applying Key Concepts

30. Discuss the contributions that protists make to Earth's ecosystems and the ways that humans use
protists to make specific products.
 13

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Integrating and Applying Key Concepts

31. What are some of the problems that could be caused by moving algae or other protists from one
ecosystem to another?

ANS:
Answer not provided.

PTS: 1 OBJ: Integrating and Applying Key Concepts