BIOL 3660 Exam 2 Name: ______________________________

October 16, 2018

Read each question completely and thoroughly before answering it. Please try to write legibly.
The questions on this exam sum to a total of 75 points.

MULTIPLE CHOICE (10 POINTS)

1. Which type of organism has an open circulatory system?

A. Polychaete worm B. Octopus C. Scallop D. Sea anemone

2. Which organism exhibits radial symmetry?

A. Coral B. Sponge C. Polychaete D. Clam

3. What type of bivalve cements itself to the seafloor forming reefs?

A. Clam B. Mussel C. Scallop D. Oyster

4. What type of worm is not a member of phylum Annelida?

A. Earthworms B. Roundworms C. Polychaetes D. Leeches

5. What is the difference between filter feeding and passive suspension feeding?

A. Passive suspension feeders consume larger species of plankton

B. Filter feeders consume larger species of plankton
C. Passive suspension feeders eat organic matter found in sediments that they burrow through
D. Filter feeders generate currents to increase the amount of water that they can process

6. What is NOT a life style exhibited by some polychaetes worms?

A. Epifaunal carnivore
B. Pelagic predators that consume nekton
C. Deep-sea tubeworms that host chemosynthetic bacteria
D. Burrowing deposit feeders

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7. What is NOT a common characteristic of a gastropod?

A. Enlarged, thickened mantle

A. A muscular foot used for crawling
C. Radula used to graze on algae
D. Single shell that is often coiled

8. What is NOT a type of cell found in a sponge?

A. Amebocyte
B. Collar cell
C. Porocyte
D. Nematocyst

9. Which habitat has the lowest amount of net primary production?

A. Salt mash B. Kelp forest C. Open ocean D. Seagrass bed

10. Which characteristic of invertebrate evolved last?

A. Bilateral symmetry
B. Coeloms
C. True tissues
D. Radial symmetry

NAME THAT PHYLUM (8 POINTS)

Directions: Be sure to write the name of the phylum and not the common name.

1. __________________ Kelp are a member of this phylum

2. __________________ The only invertebrate phylum where organisms do not have true tissues

3. __________________ Bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods are all classes that belong to this
phylum

4. __________________ Round worms

5. __________________ Corals and jellyfish are examples of this diploblastic phylum

6. __________________ Segmented worms that usually have parapodia

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7. __________________ Ribbon worms that have a round, unsegmented body and a proboscis
used to capture prey

8. __________________ Flatworms that can be either free-living or parasitic

MATCHING (22 POINTS)

Directions: Match each statement to a term listed in the word bank below. Please note that not
all terms in the word bank will be used. Also, terms will be used no more than once.

WORD BANK
Angiosperm Anthozoa Biofuel Bivalvia
Carrageenan Cephalopoda Cephalization Chaetognath
Chiton Choanocyte Chromatophores Coelom
Cnidocyte Cone snail Ctene Deuterostome
Endemic Fluke Gastropod Gametophyte
Gorgonian Holoplankton Hydrozoa Incurrent siphon
Mangrove Mantle Mussel Nudibranch
Osculum Parazoan Polychaeta Polyp
Porocyte Rhizome Rhodophyta Salt marsh
Sargassum Scallop Siphonophore Spartina
Spicule Suspension feeding Torsion Trochophore larvae
Turbellaria Umbo Vampire squid Vestimentiferan

1. __________________ Organisms with radial, indeterminate cleavage where the blastopore

develops into the anus

2. __________________ An algal extract found in many processed foods

3. __________________ Both sponges and clams use this feeding mode to consume
phytoplankton and organic matter found in the water column

4. __________________ Forests form of these partially submerged, salt-tolerant plants that grow
in tropical and subtropical climates

5. __________________ A tissue layer found in molluscs that is used to secrete their shell

6. __________________ A fluid-filled cavity that contains the organs in many animals

7. __________________ A common salt marsh grass found on the East Coast of the U.S.

8. __________________ Cells that octopuses and squid contract to change their colors

9. __________________ Spiny structures found in sponges that provide structural support

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10. __________________ The body of a snail twists following the spiral shape of its shell

11. __________________ Snails and nudibranchs belong this class

12. __________________ Organisms that are part of the plankton for their entire life cycle

13. __________________ Comb jellies use these eight rows of cilia to move

14. __________________ A type of parasitic flatworm. These are also called trematodes.

15. __________________ The central opening in a sponge from which water exits

16. __________________ A type of bivalve that is capable of swimming short distances by

clapping together its shells

17. __________________ A stage in the life cycle of marine algae where it only has one set of
chromosomes. In other words, this is the haploid stage of the algae’s life cycle.

18. __________________ Corals and anemones belong to this class of organisms

19. __________________ Molluscs with a set of eight overlapping shells

20. __________________ Stinging cells found in jellyfishes and corals

21. __________________ A deep-sea organism that has some characteristics of octopuses and
some characteristics of squid

22. __________________ Red algae

DEFINITIONS (10 POINTS TOTAL, 2 POINTS EACH)

1. Protostome

2. Broadcast spawning

3. Nekton

4. Radula

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5. Deposit feeding

DIAGRAMS AND CHARTS (5 POINTS)

Directions: Label the missing features in each diagram or answer the associated question. The
missing features are indicated by the numbered lines. Please ask the instructor if it is unclear to
you what part of the diagram a particular number is pointing out.

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SHORT ESSAYS (20 POINTS TOTAL, 5 POINTS EACH)

Directions: Answer four out of the five essays. You can leave one essay of your choice blank.

1. What is your favorite type of invertebrate of those covered in class so far? For your chosen
invertebrate, describe its phylum and class, its anatomy, where it lives in the ocean, and how it
obtains its food. Also, list one additional characteristic of this invertebrate that explains why you
find it to be fascinating.

2. Jellyfish are reported to be increasing in abundance in many ecosystems. What are some
hypotheses discussed in class to why this change is occurring? How might the increased
abundance of jellyfish impact other organisms in marine ecosystems?

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3. Most invertebrate phyla first evolved ~540 million years ago during a time period referred to
as the Cambrian explosion. Describe the evolutionary history of invertebrate phyla in terms of
the development of tissues and organs, changes in body symmetry, and developmental biology.
Provide examples of the phyla that first evolved these traits.

4. Name three groups of carnivorous invertebrates that we have discussed in class, describe their
diet, and discuss their adaptations to a carnivorous life style.

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5. Molluscs are a very diverse phylum. This can make it hard to characterize them, because there
are many species that are “exceptions to the rules”, which lack characteristics shared by most
other molluscs. Start this essay by describing the shared characteristics of the majority of
molluscs. Then discuss three examples of characteristics that certain groups of molluscs lack.