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Invertebrates
Chapter 22 Audesirk
1. List the 6 characteristics of animals. Try to use less than 10 words on each of
these:
3. Tissues and body symmetry evolved at the same time. Describe two types of
symmetry.
4. Why does a radially symmetrical body plan work well for sessile or drifting
organisms?
You are not responsible for the names of the germ layers.
5. Germ layers are found in developing embryos and give rise to different kinds
of tissue as the embryo develops. Radially symmetrical animals have
_________ germ layers, and bilaterally symmetrical animals have _________
germ layers.
You do not need to understand the particulars about the differences in these two
forms of development, just that they exist and are important to the evolutionary
tree.
9. There are two major categories of animal phyla. The invertebrates and the
vertebrates.
a. What feature do vertebrates have that distinguishes them from the
invertebrates?
Error in the text: Two germ layers are endoderm and ectoderm (not mesoderm)…but you
don't need to know this!
3. How do cnidarians capture prey? Use the words tentacle and cnidocytes in
your answer.
2. These animals are the first type to evolve a body cavity. What type of body
cavity is it?
1. List the adaptations of arthropoda that have allowed them to become the
dominant animals on earth.
Class Insecta
Class Arachnida
Class Crustacea
Class Gastropoda
b. What is a radula?
Class Bivalvia
3. What is the water vascular system? You are not responsible for all the parts,
but understand that this feature is unique to echinodermata, and understand
how it works.
4. Describe how they capture prey and eat. What do they eat?
2. How is it useful?
Class Myxini
Class Petromyzontiformes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
b. List the 3 major adaptations of reptiles that allow them a life out of water.
Aves
Class Mammalia
h. Most mammalia retain their young inside the uterus until they are well-
developed. While inside the mother, the young are nourished through a
structure known as the ________________________.