Well Control Cont'd

10.
Well Control contd PETE 661 Drilling Engineering Slide 1

PETE 661
Drilling Engineering
Lesson 10
Well Control, contd
10. Well Control contd PETE 661 Drilling Engineering Slide 2
Lesson 10 - Well Control, contd
Shut-in Procedures after Taking a Kick
Kick Occurs While Drilling
Kick Occurs While Tripping
Casing Pressures During
Well Control Operations
Kick on Bottom
Kick at surface
Kick Migration During Shut-in Conditions
Controlling A Kick when On Bottom
Procedure:
1. Raise the kelly to clear
the tool joint
above the rotary
2. Shut down the pump
3. Check for well flow
Controlling A Kick when On Bottom
4. If well is flowing, immediately close the
blowout preventer and shut in the well
completely, (except on shallow gas
kicks).
5. Notify supervisory personnel.

6. Read and record the stabilized shut-in
drill-pipe pressure. (SIDPP)
Controlling A Kick When On Bottom
casing pressure (SICP)
8. Read and record the pit gain
(pit-level increase = kick size)
9. Record the time
10. Record depth
11. Record mud weight
Controlling A Well Kick While
Making A Trip
1. Stop trip operations. Set slips
with tool joint at rotary.

2. Install inside blowout
preventer and release
valve stem or close the
valve if drill-stem valve is
employed.

Making A Trip
3. Immediately close the blowout
preventer and shut in the
well completely (except on
shallow gas kicks).
4. Install kelly, open drill-pipe
valve, or pump through
back-pressure valve.
Controlling a Well Kick While
Making A Trip
5. Notify supervisory personnel

drill- pipe pressure or equivalent
(SIDPP)

casing pressure (SICP)
Making A Trip
8. Read and record the pit gain
(Kick Size)

9. Record the time

10. Record the current well depth

11. Record the current mud weight
Well Control
Avoid kicks if possible

Catch them early if they do occur

Know how to control kicks
if they do occur
Avoiding Kicks While Tripping:
Keep the hole full.

Avoid excessive surge pressures.

Avoid excessive swab pressures
Tripping Out Of Hole
If well is not taking enough fluid to replace
volume of steel pulled from hole, fluid may
have been swabbed into well.

Measure fluid volume to fill hole:
1. By counting pump strokes, or
2. By direct measurement from trip tank.

Note: The second method is best.
Recommendations
Do not break circulation with bit and
BHA just above the casing seat.

When breaking circulation,
Start the pumps slowly,
Rotate the drill string,
Pick up on the drillstring at the same time

This will reduce the initial pressure
required to get the mud moving
Well Control-Variable Geometry
Initial Shut-In Conditions
Drillers Method
Kick at Casing Seat
Kick at Surface
Wait and Weight Method
Kick at Casing Seat
Kick at Surface
Example Problem
1. Determine the pressure at the casing seat
at 4,000 when using the old mud
(Drillers) versus using the kill mud
(Wait and Weight) to circulate a gas
kick out of the hole.
2. Determine the casing pressure at the
surface when the top of the gas
bubble has just reached the surface,
for the same two mud weights used
above.
Example Problem
Well depth = 10,000
Hole size = 10.5
Drill pipe = 4.5, 16.60 #/ft
Drill Collars = 8 * 3.5 * 500 ft
Surface casing = 4,000, 13-3/8, 68 #/ft
Mud Weight = 10 ppg

Fracture gradient @ 4,000 = 0.7 psi/ft
Example Problem
1. Drillers Method (two circulations)

Drop the Z terms
but consider Temperature
T at surface = 70 deg. F
Temperature gradient = 1.2 deg.F/100 ft
Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:
/gal # 10 Weight Mud Initial
bbl 20 Increase Level Pit
psi 400 SICP
psi 200 SIDPP
=
=
=
=
Initial mud gradient = 0.520 psi/ft
(0.052 * 10 = 0.520)
Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:
bbl/ft 04493 . 0
gal 42 in 231
) 12 ( ) 8 5 . 10 (
4
v
Collars, Drill outside Vol/ft Annular
psi 5,400 200 ) 520 . 0 ( * ) 000 , 10 ( P
Pressure, Hole Bottom
2
2 2 2
ann dc,
10,000
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
= + =
bbl gal
in in
ft
psi
ft
t
4,000

9,500

10,000
v
dp.csg
= 0.13006 bbl/ft
v
dc,hole
= 0.04493 bbl/ft
v
dp,hole
= 0.08743 bbl/ft
Fluid, Kick of Height
ft 445
bbl/ft 0.04493
bbl 20
h
10,000
= =
Fluid, Kick across Pressure c Hydrostati
555 , 9 * 520 . 0 400 400 , 5 P
0 kick_10,00
= A
psi 4 31. P
0 kick_10,00
= A
Annulus, the in cs Hydrostati
0 kick_10,00
P 9,555 * 0.520 400 5,400 A + + =
P P P BHP
K0 MA 0
+ + =
Drillers Method - kick at bottom
F = AP * A = W
area * Pressure Fluid Kick of Weight =
2 2 2
2
in ) 8 5 . 10 (
4
*
in
lb
31.4
t
=
lb 1,141 W =
4,000
9,500
10,000
9,555
P
B
= P
10,000
= 5,400 psi
445
SIDPP = 200 psi
SICP = 400 psi
31.4
psi
Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat
What is the pressure at 4,000 ft when the
top of the kick fluid first reaches that point?
4,000
4,000
P
1,098,444
h =
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
650
460 48 70
*
P
5,400
* 20 h * 0.08743
4,000
4,000
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
10,000
4,000
4,000
10,000
10,000 4,000
T
T
*
P
P
* V V
4,000

9,500

10,000
Drillers
Method

Top of
Kick at
Casing
Seat
Again,
( ) in 4.5 10.5
4
lbs 1,141
area
weight
P
2 2
K_4,000
= = A

MA K_4,000 4,000
P P P BHP + + =
AP
K_4,000
= 16.1 psi
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
4,000
4,000
P
1,098,444
* (0.52) P 2,264
4,000 4,000
h * 0.52 3,120 P 5,384 + =
) h (6,000 * 0.52 16 P 5,400
4,000 4,000
+ + =
MA K_4,000 4,000
P P P BHP + + =
0.7 psi/ft 0.6233 psi 2,493 P
4,000
< => =
( )
2
571,191 * 4 2,264 2,264
P
0.5
2
4,000
+
=
0 571,191 P 2,264 P
4,000
2
4,000
=
This results in the quadratic Eqn:
With the solutions:
Drillers Method - Top of Kick at Casing Seat
4,000
9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi
P
4,000
= 2,493 psi
h
4,000
= 441 ft
AP = 16 psi
(
=
4,000
4,000
P
1,098,444
h
P
0,ann
= ?
Drillers Method - kick at surface
When the bubble rises, it expands. The
volume of the bubble at the surface is given by:
(1) - - -
P
084 , 677
h
o
0
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
460 120 70
460 70
P
5400
20 h ) 13006 . 0 (
0
0
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
000 , 10
0
0
000 , 10
000 , 10 0
T
T
P
P
V V
(Z = const.)
4,000

9,500

10,000
Drillers
Method

Top of
Kick at
Surface
psi 11 10.85 P
K0
~ =
( )
2 2 2
K,0
in 4.5 12.415
4
lb 1,141
area
weight
P
= =


From Eq. (2),

But, from Eq. (1),
0
0
0 0
P
677,084
h

) h (10,000 * 0.52 11 P 5,400
=
+ + =
MA K0 0
P P P BHP + + =
0 084 , 352 P 189 P
0
2
0
=
Quadratic equation . . .
( ) 352,084 P P 11 5,200 5,400
2
0 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + =
0
0
P
677,084
10,000 0.52 11 P 5,400
So,
| |
2
) 084 , 352 )( 4 ( 189 189
P
2
1
2
0
+
=
psi 695 psi 34 . 695 P
0
~ =
ft 974 h
0
~
74 . 973
34 . 695
084 , 677
h
0
= =
psi 2,280
11 1,574 695
P 974) (4,000 * 0.52 P P
KO 0 4,000
=
+ + =
+ + =
psi 2,280
3,120 - 5,400
) 000 , 4 000 , 10 ( * ) 52 . 0 ( P P
, ely Alternativ
000 , 10 4,000
=
=
=
( = 0.57 psi/ft )
Drillers Method. Top of Kick at Surface
4,000
9,500
10,000
h
0
= 974 ft
AP
K,0
= 11 psi
P
0,ann
= 695 psi
P
4,000
= 2,280 psi
P
10,000
= ?
Calculate the pressure at 4,000 ft when the
top of the bubble reaches this point.

Volume of bubble at 4,000 ft
- kick at casing seat
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
10,000
4,000
4,000
10,000
10,000 4,000
T
T
P
P
V V
Wait and
Weight
Method

Top of
Kick at
Casing
Seat
Kill Mud
Old Mud
4,000
9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi
W&W - Pressure at top of kick at 4,000 ft
(7) - - - P P P P BHP
But,
(6) - - -
P
1,098,444
h

650
578
P
5,400
20 (0.08743)h
M1 M K_4,000 4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
+ + + =
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
W&W - Pressure at top of kick
- kick at 4,000 ft
psi 839

bbl/ft 0.08743
bbl 141
* 10 * 052 . 0 P
psi 16 P before, As
M
K_4,000
=
= A
= A
- kick at 4,000 ft
4,000 4,000
4,000 M1
h (0.5398) 2,368 839 16 P 5,400

0.08743
141
h 6,000 * 10.38 * 0.052 P
+ + + =
|
.
|
\
|
=
(7) - - - P P P P BHP
M1 M K_4,000 4,000
+ + + =
- kick at 4,000 ft
0 592,940 P 2,177 P
P
1,098,444
(0.5398) P 2,177
4,000
2
4,000
4,000
000 4
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
- kick at 4,000 ft
| |
psi/ft 0.61 psi 2,422
2
940 , 592 * 4 177 , 2 177 , 2
P
5 , 0
2
000 , 4
=> =
+
=
4,000

9,500

10,000
Wait and
Weight
Method

Top of
Kick at
Surface
Kill Mud
Old Mud
- kick at surface
Capacity inside drill string = DP_cap. + DC_cap.

bubble. the below mud
gal
#
10.0 of Quantity
bbl 141
ft 500 *
ft
bbl
0.0119 ft 9,500 *
ft
bbl
0.01422
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
- kick at surface
gal
#
10.38 10.00 0.38

Wt. Mud Old
10,000 * 0.052
SIDPP
weight mud Kill
= + =
+ =
- kick at surface
Volume of gas bubble at surface:
(4) - - -
P
677,084
h
650
530
P
5,400
20 h * 0.13006
T
T
P
P
V V
0
0
0
0
10,000
0
0
10,000
10,000 0
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(Engineers Method) - kick at surface

As before,

Assume all 10 lb mud is inside 13 3/8 csg.
Then the height of 10 lb mud
psi 11 P
(5) - - - P P P P P
K,0
M1 M K0 0 10,000
=
+ + + =

ft 1,084
bbl/ft 0.13006
bbl 141.0
h
M
= =
(Engineers Method) - kick at surface
1,084) h (10,000 * 10.38 * 0.052 P
psi 564 1,084 * 0.52 P
0 M1
M
=
= =
Hydrostatic head across the mud columns:
(old mud)
(kill mud)
Hydrostatics in Annulus
W&W Method - kick at surface
0 0
0 0
M1 M K0 0 10,000
(0.5398)h P 12.14
) h (8,916 * 0.5398 564 11 P 5,400
P P P P P
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
kick at surface
( )
psi 611 610.59 P
2
365,490 * 4 12 12
P
0 365,490 12P P
P
677,084
(0.5398) P 12
0
2
1

2
0
0
2
0
0
0
~ =
+
=
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
From Eq. 4, substituting for h
0

Height of Bubble at Surface
ft 1,109

610.59
677,084
P
677,084
h
0
0
=
= =
- kick at surface
Check Pressure at 4,000 ft
- kick at surface
psi/ft 0.54 psi 2,161
1,093) - 1,109 - (4,000 * 10.38 * 0.052
569 11 611

P P P P P
M1 M K0 0 4,000
=> =
+
+ + + =
+ + + =
Looks OK
Top of Kick at Surface
Kill Mud
Old Mud
4,000
9,500
10,000
h
0
= 1,109 ft
AP
K,0
= 11 psi
P
0,ann
= 611 psi
P
4,000
= 2,161 psi
P
10,000
= ?
AP
Old Mud
= 569 psi
Summary
Drillers Engineers
Method Method
Bubble at 10,000 ft
400 400 P
2,480 2,480 P
0
4,000
Summary
Drillers Engineers
Method Method
Top of Bubble at 4,000 ft
342 413 P
2,422 2,493 P
0
4,000
Summary
Drillers Engineers
Method Method
Top of Bubble at surface
611 695 P
2,161 2,280 P
0
4,000
Why the difference?
Kick Intensity, ppg
Pump Strokes
Kick Intensity, ppg
20 bbl kick
50 bbl kick
10 bbl kick
1,998 psi
1,266 psi
989 psi
BARRELS OF KILL MUD PUMPED
Bubble
Rise
Velocity
?
Gas
Bubble
Will
Rise
!
Well is Shut In

Variable
Geometry

Kick On Bottom
- Well Shut In

4,000

9,500

10,000
400 psi
200 psi
P
B
= 5,700 psi
h
B
= 445
1. Calculate new BHP:

2. Calculate height of kick
(check geometry).

3. Calculate density of kill mud:
SIDPP ) depth * * 052 . 0 ( P
old B
+ =
depth * 052 . 0
P
B
kill
=
depth * 052 . 0
SIDPP
= A
Variable Geometry
4. Calculate the density of kick fluid:
How would you derive this equation?
Variable Geometry
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
B
MUD OLD KICK
Height Kick * 052 . 0
SIDPP SICP
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
B
MUD OLD KICK
Height Kick * 052 . 0
SIDPP SICP
Engineers
Method -

Gas Kick
at surface
SIDPP ) depth * * 052 . 0 ( P
old B
+ =
P
B
= const = 0.052 *
kill
* depth
Gas Bubble
10.0 lb/gal

10.38 lb/gal
h
o

D*
1. Calculate expansion
of gas bubble
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
B
x
B
x
x
B
B x
Z
Z
T
T
P
P
V V
kill , m old , m KICK x
P P P P BHP
Annulus PHYD, kick of at top Press BHP . 2
A + A + A + =
A + = 2. BHP = Press at top of kick + AP
HYD,Annulus

3. Solve the resulting quadratic equation to get
the pressure

Well Control Cont'd

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Well Control Cont'd

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

10.

Well Control contd PETE 661 Drilling Engineering Slide 1

10. Well Control contd PETE 661 Drilling Engineering Slide 33

You might also like