Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
z z z z z z z z
Standards B i symbols Basic b l Functional elements Flowlines Connections Conditioners and plant Pressure regulators Relief valves
z z z z z z z z
Actuators V l symbol Valve b l structure t t Valve functions Three position valves Operators Port marking Function components Symbol Library
Pneumatic symbols conform to and are devised f from th International the I t ti l Standard St d d ISO 1219 1219-1 1 1991 This covers graphical symbols for Fluid Power Systems and Components Port markings for fluid power valves are not covered by the ISO standard. These are taken f from th recommendations the d ti of f CETOP RP 68 P
CETOP
z
Who is CETOP? CETOP is the abbreviation of Comit Europen des Transmissions Olohydrauliques y q et Pneumatiques. q CETOP is the European Fluid Power Committee. Thus, it is: The communication platform for fluid power in Europe. The international umbrella organisation for national fluid power associations in Europe. Through the 18 national associations which are member of CETOP, all well known companies in Europe belong to the European Committee. Many of these companies are leading fluid power manufacturers and major players in the international markets. CETOP represents more than 1,000 companies - mainly manufacturers, but also some dealers - with almost 70,000 employees and a market value of abo about t 13 billion EURO. EURO These account acco nt for a very er high proportion of companies active in these fields - 80-90% in most countries.
Basic Symbols
Shapes
z
These shapes and lines in the relative proportions ti shown, h make k up a set t of f basic b i symbols from which fluid power symbols and circuits are constructed
Symbol sets can be drawn to any size but their scale l and d relative l ti proportions ti are determined d t i d by b a basic dimension of your choice l
l
3/4 1/3 1/3
Circles
Square
l
l l piston
Rectangles
continued
1/4
l
1/2
cushion
min 1
l
1/2
l l
max 2
1/2
Basic Symbols
l
Capsule
Double line
1/5 l
Basic Symbols
12 2 10 3 1
Working line, pilot supply, return, electrical Pilot control, bleed, filter
Functional Elements
Functional Elements
1/2 l 1/4 l
Triangle
Direction and nature of fluid, open pneumatic or filled hydraulic size to suit
Spring
Arrow
1/3 l
Functional Elements
Arrows
Straight or sloping path and flow direction, or motion Closed path or port
Tee
Restriction
Size to suit
Functional Elements
Curved arrows
rotary motion
Shaft rotation
clockwise from right hand end anti-clockwise from right hand end both 90o angle g
Seating g
Functional Elements
Temperature
Indication or control size to suit
Operator
Prime mover
Electric motor
Flowlines
Junction Junction Crossing Flexible Fl ibl line
Single
not connected
Connections
Air bleed
Continuous Temporary by probe
Air exhaust
Connections
Coupling quick release Coupling quick release self sealing Coupling p g quick q release self sealing
Both to exhaust
Source sealed
Both sealed
Connections
Rotary connection one line Rotary connection two lines Rotary y connection three lines
Conditioners
z
Water separator with manual drain Water separator with automatic drain Filter with manual drain
Lubricator
Conditioners
z
Dryer
Plant
z
Isolating valve
Pressure Control
Pressure regulators
z
A pressure regulator symbol represents a normal state with the spring holding the regulator valve open to connect the supply to the outlet. The dotted line represents the feedback, this opposes the spring and can vary the flow through the valve from full flow, through shut off, to exhaust. The symbol is usually drawn in only this one state. The flow path can be imagined to hinge g at the right g hand end to first shut off the supply pp y then connect to the exhaust. Adjustable Regulator simplified Adjustable Regulator with pressure gauge p g g simplified p
A pressure relief valve symbol represents a normal state with the spring holding the valve closed closed. The dotted line represents feed-forward, this opposes the spring and can be imagined to lift the flow path path. When the pressure reaches an excess value the flow path will line up with the ports and flow air to relief.
Actuators
Actuators
z z
Cylinders symbols can be any length over l l The piston and rod can be shown in the retracted, extended or any intermediate position
Single acting
z
Single acting sprung instroked Single acting sprung outstroked Single acting sprung instroked magnetic * Single acting sprung outstroked magnetic *
* ISO 1219-1 provides no example for magnetic cylinders
Single acting normally instroked external force returns Single acting normally outstroked external force returns Single acting normally instroked magnetic external force returns Single acting normally outstroked magnetic external force returns
Note: the hardware is usually double acting cylinders applied as single acting
Double acting
z
Double acting adjustable cushions Double acting through rod Double acting magnetic *
Rotary actuators
z
Semi rotary double acting Rotary motor single direction of rotation Rotary motor bidirectional
Single acting spring returns Double acting non cushioned Double acting adjustable cushions Double acting g rod through
The function of a valve is given by a pair of numerals l separated t d by b a stroke, t k e.g. 3/2.. 3/2 The first numeral indicates the number of main ports. These are inlets, outlets and exhausts but excludes signal ports and external pilot feeds. The second numeral indicates the number of states t t the th valve l can achieve. hi
A 3/2 valve therefore has 3 ports (normally these are inlet, i l t outlet tl t and d exhaust) h t) and d 2 states t t (the (th normal state and the operated state) The boxes are two pictures of the same valve
operated
normal
A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of th valve the l states t t joined j i d end d to t end d
operated
normal
A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of th valve the l states t t joined j i d end d to t end d
operated
normal
The port connections are shown to only one of th diagrams the di to t indicate i di t the th prevailing ili state t t
normal
The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to align li one state t t or another th with ith the th port t connections
The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to align li one state t t or another th with ith the th port t connections
The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to align li one state t t or another th with ith the th port t connections
A 5/2 valve symbol is constructed in a similar way. A picture i t of f the th valve l flow fl paths th for f each h of f the two states is shown by the two boxes. The 5 ports are normally p y an inlet, 2 outlets and 2 exhausts
The full symbol is then made by joining the two b boxes and d adding ddi operators. t The Th connections ti are shown against only the prevailing state
The full symbol is then made by joining the two b boxes and d adding ddi operators. t The Th connections ti are shown against only the prevailing state
The full symbol is then made by joining the two b boxes and d adding ddi operators. t The Th connections ti are shown against only the prevailing state
1 /4
l 1/4 l
1/2 1/4
1/4
l
1/2
l 1/2 l
1/2 1/4
The boxes can be joined at either end but the operator t must t be b drawn d against i t the th state t t that th t it produces. The boxes can also be flipped A variety of symbol patterns are possible
normally closed normally open
The boxes can be joined at either end but the operator t must t be b drawn d against i t the th state t t that th t it produces. The boxes can also be flipped A variety of symbol patterns can be produced
Reverse connected
Valve functions
Valve functions
Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return
Normal position Function 2/2
Function 3/2
Valve functions
Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return
Operated position Function 2/2
Function 3/2
Valve functions
Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return
Normal position
Function 4/2
Function 5/2
Valve functions
Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return
Operated position
Function 4/2
Function 5/2
z z z z
Three position valves have a normal central position iti that th t is i set t by b springs i or with ith a manual l control such as a lever The flow pattern in the centre position varies with the type. Three types will be considered 1, All ports sealed 2, Outlets to exhaust, supply sealed 3, Supply to both outlets, exhausts sealed
Valves 5/3
z
All valves types shown in the normal position Type 1. All ports sealed
Valves 5/3
z
All valves types shown in the first operated position Type 1. All ports sealed
Valves 5/3
z
All valves types shown in the normal position Type 1. All ports sealed
Valves 5/3
z
All valves types shown in the second operated position Type 1. All ports sealed
Valves 5/3
z
All valves types shown in the normal position Type 1. All ports sealed
Operators
Operators
Manual
General manual Lever
Push button
Pedal
Pull button
Treadle
Push/pull button
Rotary knob
Operators
Mechanical
Plunger Pressure
Pilot pressure
Differential pressure
Detent in 3 positions
Operators
Electrical
Solenoid direct Solenoid pilot Solenoid pilot with manual override and external pilot supply When no integral or external pilot supply is shown it is assumed to be integral
Port markings
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
12
10
12 3
10
2 14 1
4 12 3 14
2 12 1
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
12
10
12 3
10
2 14 1
4 12 3 14
2 12 1
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
12
10
12 3
10
2 14 1
4 12 3 14
2 12 1
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
12
10
12 3
10
2 14 1
4 12 3 14
2 12 1
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
12
10
12 3
10
2 14 1
4 12 3 14
2 12 1
Function components
Function components
z
Non-return valve simplified Flow regulator unidirectional Flow regulator bidirectional simplified Two pressure AND simplified Shuttle valve OR p simplified
Note: The output can exhaust back and is not trapped
Function components
z
Symbol Library
z z z z
z z z
Symbol Library
Actuators
S Sprung in i
Sprung out
z
Sprung in S i adjustable cushion Sprung out adjustable cushion Magnetic sprung in adjustable cushion Magnetic sprung out j cushion adjustable
Sprung in S i adjustable cushion non-rotating rod Sprung out adjustable cushion non-rotating g rod Magnetic sprung in adjustable cushion non-rotating t ti rod d Magnetic sprung out j cushion adjustable non-rotating rod
N Non-magnetic ti
Magnetic M ti hydraulic Magnetic adjustable cushioned Magnetic adjustable cushioned hi d rod bellows
NonN rotating rod Active brake Passive brake Guided rod magnetic
Non-magnetic N ti through th h rod Non-magnetic adjustable cushioned through rod Magnetic through rod Magnetic adjustable cushioned through rod
Three position Th iti adjustable dj t bl cushions (equal strokes) Three position adjustable cushions magnetic (equal strokes) Four position adjustable cushions (unequal strokes) ) Four position adjustable cushions magnetic (unequal strokes)
Other actuators
z
Semi-rotary actuator
Rodless cylinders
z
Cushioned
Cushioned magnetic
Rodless cylinders
z
Twin stroke air through carriage Twin stroke air through carriage g magnetic
Shock absorbers
z
Self adjusting
Adjustable
End
Symbol Library
Air Line Equipment
Combination units
z
Lubro-control unit
Combination units
z
Filter regulator
Filters
z
Pressure regulators
z
Pre-set relieving
Pressure regulators
z
Pilot operated
Pilot regulator with independent feedback Pilot operated regulator controlled from pilot regulator g
Pressure regulators
z
Lubricator
z
Lubricator
Preset, no means of connection to exhaust Preset, tapped exhaust port Adjustable, no means of connection to exhaust Adjustable, tapped exhaust port Pil t operated Pilot t d
Other components
z
Silencer
Filter silencer
End
Symbol Library
Electrical and Electronic
Sensors
Loads must be additionally suppressed z
Reed switch 2 wire Reed switch changeover Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator (emulating current sourcing pnp device) Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator (emulating current sinking npn device) Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator
z z
Load Load
0V 0V
Sensors
Loads must be additionally suppressed z
Solid state magnetic sensor pnp (current sourcing) Solid state magnetic sensor plug in cable pnp (current sourcing) Solid state magnetic sensor npn (current sinking) Solid state magnetic sensor plug in cable npn (current sinking) Solid S lid state t t magnetic ti sensor with ith pulse l extension
pnp 1 3 pnp 4
brown +V blue 0V black Load brown +V blue 0V bl k black Load blue 0V brown +V black Load blue 0V brown +V black Load brown +V blue 0V black Load 0V +V +V 0V 0V
npn 1 3 npn 4
Sensors
Loads must be additionally suppressed
1 brown +V
Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator and plug in cable Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator and plug in cable
1
black
Load
0V
+ brown
blue
Load
0V
Electrical Symbols
Electrical symbols
z
Line to earth
Line to chassis
Cell
Battery
or
12 V
Electrical Components
Normally Normally open closed z Normally Normally open closed
Relay contact
Delay to reset
Electrical Components
z
Relay coil
Relay coil delay to operate contacts Relay coil delay to reset contacts Solenoid valve coil
Electrical Components
z
Proximity switch
Bell
Buzzer
Microphone
24V 0V
Loudspeaker
Electronic Components
z z
Opto-isolator Windings
z z z z
Resistors
z z z z z
or
z
Resistor Variable Potentiometer Pre set pot Pre-set Voltage dependent Light dependent diode zener diode light emitting diode
Capacitors
z z
Diodes
z z z
z z
Electronic Components
z
Thyristor
Fuse
Triac
Wires connected
or
NPN Transistor
Wires crossing
PNP Transistor
Double junction
or
Photo-transistor
Electronic Components
z
Motors dc & ac
Generator
Coaxial plug and socket Meters for p , volts, , amps, ohms & watts
A V W
End
Symbol Library
Function Fittings and Components
Function fittings
2 z
12 1
2 z
1 2
Function components
z z z
Function components
z
bi-directional bi di ti l flow fl regulator Exhaust flow regulator with and without silencer Sil Silencers Shuttle valve OR Two pressure valve AND (will exhaust either signal back)
z z
Function components
z
Uni-directional Uni directional flow regulator Quick exhaust valve with and without silencer Rotating joint Pressure indicator Pressure drop indicator
z z
released
End
Symbol Library
Solenoid Valves
Solenoid valves
with man override on the solenoid
z
12
2 10
12
2 10
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12
2 10 3 1
12 3
2 10 1
Solenoid valves
with man override on the solenoid
z
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
Solenoid valves
4 2 12 5 1 3 4 2 12 5 4 14 5 1 3 4 14 5 2 12 1 3 2 12 1 3 14
Pilot Pil t solenoid l id actuated t t d spring return, 5/2 Pilot solenoid actuated spring return and manual override, 5/2 Pilot solenoid actuated pilot solenoid return, 5/2 Pilot solenoid actuated pilot solenoid return and manual override, 5/2
14
Solenoid valves
Reverse piped
4 2 12 5 1 3 4 2 12 5 4 14 5 1 3 4 14 5 2 12 1 3 2 12 1 3 14
Pilot Pil t solenoid l id actuated t t d spring return, 5/2 Pilot solenoid actuated spring return and manual override, 5/2 Pilot solenoid actuated and returned, 5/2 Pilot solenoid actuated and returned with manual overrides, 5/2
14
Solenoid valves
z
Double pilot solenoid actuated spring to centre all ports sealed reverse piped Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 3/2 Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 5/2
14
4 2
12
1 3
12 3 4 14 5
2 10 1 2 12 1 3
Solenoid valves
z
Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 3/2 Priority pilot solenoid actuated t t d differential diff ti l air i return, 5/2 Priority yp pilot solenoid actuated air spring return, 3/2 Priority pilot solenoid actuated air spring return, 5/2
12 3
2 10 1 4 14 5 2 10 3 1 4 14 5 1 3 2 12 1 3 2 12
12
Solenoid valves
4 2 12 5 1 3
Pilot Pil t solenoid l id actuated t t d spring return, manual override, 5/2 with integral flow regulators Double pilot solenoid actuated, manual override, id 5/2 with ith integral i t l flow regulators
14
4 14 5
2 12 1 3
Solenoid valves
14 4 2 12
Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre all ports sealed, 5/3 with integral flow flo regulators reg lators Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre supply l port sealed, l d 5/3 /3 with ih integral flow regulators Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre supply to outlets, 5/3 with integral flow regulators
1 3
14
12
1 3
14
12
1 3
12
2 10 3 1
End
Symbol Library
Valves
Plunger actuated spring return 3/2 Roller actuated spring return 3/2 Push button actuated spring return 3/2 Toggle actuated detented 3/2 Rotary knob actuated detented 3/2 Key actuated detented 3/2
12 3 2 10 1 12 3 2 10 1 12 3 2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
Plunger / bleed actuated air return 3/2 Roller / bleed actuated air return 3/2 One way trip / bleed actuated air return 3/2 Low pressure / bleed actuated air return 3/2 Antenna / bleed actuated air return 3/2
12 3 1 12 3 1 2 10
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
2 10
12 3
2 10 1
Plunger / bleed actuated air return 3/2 Roller / bleed actuated air return 3/2 One way trip / bleed actuated air return 3/2 Low pressure / bleed actuated air return 3/2 Antenna / bleed actuated air return 3/2
12 3 1 12 3 1 2 10
12 3
2 10
12 3
2 10
2 10
12 3
2 10
NO
2 10 1 12 2 10 1 12 3 12 3 12 3 2 10 1 2 10 1 2 1
Pilot actuated spring return 2/2 Pilot actuated spring return 3/2 Double pilot actuated 3/2
12
12 3 12 3
2 10 1 2 10 1 2 3 1
12
10
10
NO
12 3 12 3 12 3 12 3 2 10 1 2 10 1 2 10 1 2 10 1
Pressure or vacuum actuated spring return 2/2 (diaphragm valve) Low pressure pilot actuated spring return 3/2 Low pressure pilot actuated pilot return, 3/2 Low pressure pilot actuated and returned, 3/2
12 3 12 3 12 3 12 3
2 10 1 2 10 1 2 10 1 2 10 1
Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, NC, 3/2 Remote pressure press re bleed actuated spring return, NO, 3/2 Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, , 5/2
12
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1 2 10 3 4 1 2 12 5 1 3
12
2 10 1
12
12
2 10 1
14
Pilot act actuated ated spring return, 4/2 Pilot actuated spring return, 5/2 Double pilot actuated 5/2
14
2 1
4 3
12
4 14 5
2 12 1 3
4 14 5
2 12 1 3 4 14 5 1 3 2 12
Pressure or vacuum actuated spring return, 5/2 (diaphragm valve) Low pressure pilot actuated spring return, 5/2 Low pressure pilot actuated pilot return, 5/2 Low pressure pilot actuated and returned, 5/2
Double pilot actuated spring to centre all ports sealed Double pilot actuated spring to centre supply port sealed l d Double pilot actuated spring to centre supply to outlets
1 3
1 3
1 3
NO
2 10 1 12 2 10 1 12 3 2 10 1
12
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
14
2 1
4 3
12
2 12
14 5 1 3
2 12
14 5 1 3
NO
2 10 1 12 2 10 1 12 3 2 10 1
12
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
14
2 1
4 3
12
2 12
14 5 1 3
2 12
14 5 1 3
NO
2 10 1 12 2 10 1
12
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
14
2 1
4 3
12
2 12
14 5
1 3
2 12
14 5
1 3
NO
2 10 1 12 2 10 1
12
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
14
2 1
4 3
12
2 12
14 5 1 3
2 12
14 5 1 3
NO
2 10 2 10 12 1 1
12
2 10 12 3 1 12 3
2 10 1
2 10 12 3 1 12 3
2 10 1
2 14 1
4 3
12
2 12
14 5 1 3
2 12
14 5 1 3
Lever actuated L t t d lever l return, variable throttling, 4/2 Lever actuated lever return, variable throttling, d detented, d 4/2 Rotary y knob actuated and returned, variable throttling, 4/2
4 12
14 1 3
4 12
14 1 3
1 3
4 2
12
1 3
4 2
12
1 3
4 2 12 5 1 3
4 2 12 5 1 3
NO
2 12 3 2 10 1 10 1
12 3
12 3
2 10 1
12 3
2 10 1
14
2 1
4 3
12
14
2 12
1 3
14
2 12
1 3
1 3
4 2
12
1 3
4 2 12 5 1 3
Push P h button b tt actuated t t d rotary manual return 3/2 Push P h button b tt actuated t t d key k return 3/2 Push P h actuated t t d pull ll returned 3/2 Push actuated pull or air returned 3/2
12 3
2 1
10
12 3 12 3 2 10 1 12 3
2 1
10
2 10 1
12 3
2 1
10
12
2 10 3 1
Impulse generator
3 1
End
Symbol Library
Vacuum Equipment
Vacuum equipment
z
Vacuum generator
Vacuum cups
NC
z
2 3 1
NO
3
2 1
Vacuum equipment
z
Vacuum switch electric, normally open and normally closed Vacuum transducer with analog and switched outputs npn Vacuum transducer with analog and switched outputs pnp
V dc Analog out Switch out 0V +V dc supply (brown) Analog out (white) Switch out (black) Load 0 V (blue)
+V dc supply (brown) Analog out (white) Switch out (black) Load 0 V (blue)
Vacuum equipment
z
Vacuum filter
Vacuum silencer
Vacuum gauge
End