Hydraulic Pumps

Types & how they work Performance curves Sample problems

Types


NonNon-Positive Displacement
 

Fans Fluid couplers Gear Vane* Piston*

Positive Displacement
  

* Can be variable displacement, including pressure compensated and load sensing.

Impeller Mechanism Pump

Peristaltic Pump

Diaphragm Pump

Gear Pump

Gear Pump Balanced

Vane Pump

Piston Pump

Bent Axis Piston Pump

Swash Plate Piston Pump

Good Links


http://www.free-ed.net/freehttp://www.free-ed.net/freeed/MechTech/hydraulics01/default.asp


gear, vane, piston

http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/200/FPE/ IndexPage.aspx

Good Links


http://www.animatedsoftware.com/pumpglos/pu mpglos.htm
        

Impellar mechanism Peristaltic pump Diaphragm pump Gear pump Gear pump balanced Vane pump Piston pump Bent axis piston pump Swashplate pump

More hydraulic explanation

  

http://home.wxs.nl/~brink494/frm_e.htm Pump types Cavitation

Inefficiency


Leakage: you get less flow from a pump than simple theory suggests.


Increases with larger pressure difference

Friction: it takes some torque to turn a pump even if there is no pressure rise


Is more of a factor at low pressures

Qgpm = Dcu in/rev Nrpm /231

Flow Theoretical pump

Effect of leakage

Speed

Tinlb = Dcu in/rev Ppsi /(2 )

Effect of friction Torque Required Theoretical pump

Pressure Rise

Theoretical pump Effect of leakage Flow

Relief valve or pressure compensator Pressure

Constant power curve

Flow

Pressure

Php = Ppsi Qgpm/1714

Efficiency


 

Em mechanical efficiency < 1 due to friction, flow resistance Ev volumetric efficiency < 1 due to leakage Eo =overall efficiency = Em * Ev Eo = Power out/power in

Example pump problems

1a. If a pump turns at 2000 rpm with a displacement of 3 in3/rev, theoretically, how much flow is created? 1b. If the same pump is 95% volumetrically efficient (5% leakage), how much flow is created?

1a. If a pump turns at 2000 rpm with a displacement of 3 in3/rev, theoretically, how much flow is created? 1b. If the same pump is 95% volumetrically efficient (5% leakage), how much flow is created?

Example pump problems

2a. If 8 gpm is required and the pump is to turn at 1750 rpm, what displacement is theoretically needed? 2b. If the same pump will really be is 90% volumetrically efficient (10% leakage), what is the smallest pump to choose?

2a. If 8 gpm is required and the pump is to turn at 1750 rpm, what displacement is theoretically needed? 2b. If the same pump will really be is 90% volumetrically efficient (10% leakage), what is the smallest pump to choose?

Example pump problems

3a. A 7 in3/rev pump is to generate 3000 psi pressure rise; how much torque will it theoretically take to turn the pump? 3b. If the same pump is 91% mechanically efficient (9% friction & drag), how much torque must the prime mover deliver?

3a. A 7 in3/rev pump is to generate 3000 psi pressure rise; how much torque will it theoretically take to turn the pump? 3b. If the same pump is 91% mechanically efficient (9% friction & drag), how much torque must the prime mover deliver?

Example pump problems

4. If a pump delivers 13 gpm at 2000 psi, how much fluid power is delivered? 5. What maximum flow could you expect from a 12 hp power unit if system pressure was 3000 psi?

4. If a pump delivers 13 gpm at 2000 psi, how much fluid power is delivered? 5. What maximum flow could you expect from a 12 hp power unit if system pressure was 3000 psi?

Example pump problems

6. Determine the theoretical and actual torque requirement to turn a 2 in3/rev pump if the pressure rise is 2000 psi and mechanical (torque) efficiency is 90%. 7. Determine the theoretical and actual fluid (output) and mechanical (input) power for a pump generating 20 gpm with a pressure rise of 2000 psi if volumetric and mechanical (torque) efficiencies are 95% and 90%, respectively.

Next time


Pressure compensated pumps Load sensing pumps Read about pumps (chapter 8, part 2) 8, ahead of time (& likely again later)