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Minimum network
Outline
Network design overview Grid diagram Pinch topology: feasibility criteria Pinch topology: stream population Pinch topology: adequacy of thermal inertia Sizing heat exchangers Auxiliary criterion Remanent problem algorithm Multiple pinches Threshold problems Retrofitting
Grid diagram
Symbolic network representation. Best tool for design understanding Hot streams run from right to left* in the top (including heating) Cold streams run from left to right* in the bottom (including cooling) Symbolic diagram: scale is not take into account Heat exchangers link together hot and cold streams
[* unlike in the literature, for consistency with the composite curve diagram]
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis 11. Minimum network 4
Grid diagram
With design purposes information concerning the pinch and stream data can be included
Grid diagram
... but basic (problem) data are immutable for a concrete Tmin:
So the grid diagram is an excellent tool for network design On this grid network will be woven
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis 11. Minimum network 6
Grid diagram
Note the symbolic not to scale nature of the diagram:
At least one stream must start or end at the pinch (to make it)
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis 11. Minimum network 7
Meeting these two criteria is compulsory to achieve a MER design Stream population at the pinch:
'The number of streams leaving this side of the pinch must be greater than or equal to the number of streams that reach it'
Ensuring that both criteria are met matchings can be freely chosen (on start-up, operating, safety, proximity... considerations)
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis 11. Minimum network 8
We have not enough hot streams to carry every cold stream to the pinch, and we can't use heating
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis
We have not enough cold streams to carry every hot stream to the pinch, and we can't use cooling
11. Minimum network 9
This distribution is our will, but must meet the 'adequacy of thermal inertia' criterion It will be one of the parameters to optimize during the network development (evolution) stage
... or the temperature difference decreases as we move away from the pinch, becoming less than the minimum We can match stream 2 with stream 5, but not with 1... ...and stream 3 with stream 6, but not with 4 Looking at the thermal inertia of streams arriving and leaving the pinch we can say what are the allowed partners (at the pinch)
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis 11. Minimum network 11
After splitting streams for this reason should be checked that the population criterion (in the pinch) still met
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis 11. Minimum network 12
This is in accordance with Euler's Theorem in Graph theory: ( Nmin= [NA-1] + [NB-1] ) In the case of large temperature variations for one or both streams this rule may lead to excessively large exchange areas:
Large areas are often divided into several shields to avoid temperature cross (or cross-over)
One heat exchanger can eliminate the requirements of the two streams if their duties are equal. The minimum number is then less than the expected
Heat Integration UVa | Synthesis 11. Minimum network 13
because otherwise the match may be feasible, but some of the missing can not be done because it will not be available global mCp difference'
Feasible
Note that, according to setting the duty of the HX, the set of remaining streams changes