GT Hedieuhanh 542

I HC NNG
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN
NGUYN L H IU HNH
10/2/2007
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG
Gii thiu
Ni dung gio trnh
CHNG 1. M U CHNG 2. TIN TRNH CHNG 3. VO/RA CHNG 4. QUN L B NH CHNG 5. H THNG FILE
10/2/2007
CHNG 1. M U
Cc vn
1. Khi nim h iu hnh 2. Chc nng ca h iu hnh 3. V tr ca h iu hnh 4. Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh 5. Cu trc ca h iu hnh
10/2/2007
CHNG 1. M U
Khi nim h iu hnh

H iu hnh (HH) l phn gn b trc tip vi phn cng v l mi trng cho cc chng trnh ng dng chy trn n.
10/2/2007
CHNG 1. M U
Chc nng ca h iu hnh

Qun l v phn phi ti nguyn 1 cch hp l Gi lp mt my tnh m rng v to giao din tin li vi ngi s dng
10/2/2007
CHNG 1. M U
Ti nguyn
Ti nguyn phn cng B x l B nh Cc thit b nhp xut
Ti nguyn phn mm Cc file, chng trnh dng chung,...

10/2/2007
CHNG 1. M U
V tr ca h iu hnh
Cc CT ng dng Cc CT ng dng Cc CT tin ch NNLT, CTDch,... H iu hnh Phn cng H IU HNH Cc CT tin ch
Ngn ng my Micro Programming Cc thit b vt l Phn cng
10/2/2007
CHNG 1. M U
Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

Qun l tin trnh Qun l b nh Qun l nhp xut Qun l tp tin H thng bo v H thng dch lnh (Shell)
10/2/2007
Qun l m ng Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin
CHNG 1. M U

Qun l tin trnh
To lp, hu b mt tin trnh Tm dng, ti kch hot mt tin trnh Cung cp cc c ch trao i thng tin gia cc tin trnh Cung cp c ch ng b ho cc tin trnh
10/2/2007
CHNG 1. M U

Qun l b nh
Cp pht v thu hi vng nh cho tin trnh khi cn thit Ghi nhn tnh trng b nh chnh: vng cp pht, vng cn c th s dng... Quyt nh tin trnh no c np vo b nh chnh khi c mt vng nh trng.
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin 10
CHNG 1. M U

Qun l nhp xut
Gi cc lnh iu khin n cc thit b Tip nhn cc ngt X l li
10/2/2007
11
CHNG 1. M U

Qun l tp tin
To lp, hu b mt tp tin. To lp v hu b mt th mc. Cung cp cc thao tc x l tp tin v th mc. To lp quan h tng ng gia tp tin v b nh ph cha n.
10/2/2007
12
CHNG 1. M U

H thng bo v
Xy dng c ch bo v thch hp. Trong trng hp nhiu ngi cng s dng ng thi cc tin trnh.
10/2/2007
13
CHNG 1. M U

H thng dch lnh (Shell)
ng vai tr giao din gia NSD v HH Cc lnh c chuyn n HH di dng ch th iu khin. Shell nhn lnh v thng dch lnh HH c x l tng ng
10/2/2007
14
CHNG 1. M U

Qun l mng
Mt h thng phn b nhiu b x l vi cc b nh c lp. Cc tin trnh trong h thng c th kt ni vi nhau qua mng truyn thng. Vic truy xut n ti nguyn mng thng qua cc trnh iu khin giao tip mng.
CHNG 1. M U
Cu trc ca h iu hnh
H thng nguyn khi (Monolithic System) H thng phn lp (Layer System) My o (Virtual Machine) M hnh Client-Server (Client-Server Model)
10/2/2007
16
CHNG 1. M U
H thng nguyn khi

Cu trc HH c xem l ko cu trc HH c xy dng da trn tp hp cc th tc ring l. Mi th tc c th gi ln nhau khi cn CT ng dng c th truy xut n th tc cp thp, phn cng. Do vy HH kh kim sot v bo v h thng Khi xy dng th tc phi nh ngha r tham s u vo, tham s u ra
10/2/2007 Gio Nguyn l H i u hnh HH thi utrnh tnh ch ng trong vic qun l mi 17 Trn H Thy Tin trng. (tnh cht tnh, ch c kch hot khi cn)
CHNG 1. M U
H thng nguyn khi

V d: Cu trc MSDOS
Chng trnh ng dng Chng trnh h thng thng tr Drivers MSDOS Drivers ROM-BIOS
CHNG 1. M U
H thng nguyn khi

Hot ng ca b x l c chia lm 2 ch - Ch Kernel: chy thc hin cc th tc ca HH (li gi h thng) - Ch User: chy thc hin cc CT ca NSD
10/2/2007
19
CHNG 1. M U
H thng nguyn khi

Khi HH khi ng tt c cc li gi h thng u c np v nh v vo RAM. HH to bng Dispatch gm cc Slot, mi Slot l mt con tr tr n /C u ca mt CT phc v
10/2/2007
20
CHNG 1. M U
H thng phn lp
H thng c xy dng bi nhiu lp. Mi lp c xy dng da trn cc lp bn trong Lp trong cng (lp 0): phn cng Lp ngoi cng (lp N): giao din vi NSD Mi lp l mt i tng tru tng (d liu+thao tc x l d liu). Mi lp c th gi cc th tc ca cc lp bn trong
CHNG 1. M U
H thng phn lp
V d: h thng THE (Technische Hogeschool Eidhoven) thit k nm 1968 Lp 5: Chng trnh ng dng Lp 4: Qun l b m cho thit b nhp/xut Lp 3: Trnh iu khin thao tc console Lp 2: Qun l b nh Lp 1: iu phi CPU Lp 0: Phn cng
CHNG 1. M U
My o
10/2/2007
23
CHNG 1. M U
M hnh Client-Server
HH bao gm nhiu tin trnh ng vai tr Server vi cc chc nng chuyn bit. Phn ht nhn HH ng vai tr giao tip gia tin trnh Client v tin trnh Server. Ch c phn ht nhn cc nh ph thuc vo phn cng.
10/2/2007
24
CHNG 1. M U
M hnh Client-Server
Tin trnh Client Tin trnh Client Server qun l tin trnh Ht nhn Phn cng Server qun l u cui Message Server qun l b nh
...
10/2/2007
25
CHNG 1. M U
M hnh Client-Server
V d: Cu trc Windows NT
OS/2 OS/2 Subsystem Win32 Win32 Subsystem
Executive Services Object Security Manager Monitor ... Virtual Process Memory Manager Kernel
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin
I/O Manager
Hardware
26
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc vn
1. Cc khi nim 2. M hnh trng thi 3. Thao tc trn tin trnh 4. iu phi tin trnh 5. ng b ho tin trnh
10/2/2007
27
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
Tin trnh (Process): chng trnh ang thc hin Mi tin trnh c mt tp ti nguyn v mi trng ring (con tr lnh, Stack, thanh ghi, khng gian a ch) Cc tin trnh hon ton c lp vi nhau, c th lin lc thng qua cc c ch truyn tin gia cc tin trnh.
10/2/2007
28
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
Tin trnh h thng: c sinh ra khi thc hin cc li gi h thng Tin trnh ca ngi s dng: c sinh ra khi thc thi CT ca NSD
10/2/2007
29
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
C 2 loi tin trnh: - Tin trnh k tip: thi im bt u ca tin trnh ny nm sau thi im kt thc ca tin trnh kia - Tin trnh song song: thi im bt u ca tin trnh ny nm trc thi im kt thc ca tin trnh kia
10/2/2007
30
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
P0 0 s0 f0 s1 P1 f1 t s1>=f0 s0>=f1
s1<=f0 P0 0 s0 s 1 f0 P1 f1 t s0<=f1
10/2/2007
31
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
HH qun l tin trnh thng qua khi qun l tin trnh (Process Control Block:PCB) PCB: vng nh lu tr cc thng tin m t cho tin trnh nh: nh danh ca tin trnh: phn bit gia cc tin trnh. Trng thi tin trnh: hot ng hin hnh ca tin trnh.
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
Ng cnh ca tin trnh: - Trng thi CPU: ni dung cc thanh ghi (IP). Lu tr ni dung thanh ghi khi xy ra ngt. - B x l: xc nh s hiu CPU m tin trnh ang s dng (my c cu hnh nhiu CPU). - B nh chnh: danh sch cc vng nh c cp cho tin trnh. - Ti nguyn s dng: danh sch cc ti nguyn h thng m tin trnh ang s dng.
10/2/2007 Gio t trnh ldanh H iu hnh - Ti nguyn Tr oNguyn l p: sch cc ti nguyn 33 c n H Thy Tin tin trnh to lp.
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
Thng tin giao tip: - Tin trnh cha: tin trnh to lp tin trnh ny - Tin trnh con: cc tin trnh do tin trnh ny to ra - u tin: thng tin gip b iu phi la chn tin trnh c cp CPU Thng tin thng k v hot ng ca tin trnh: - Thi gian s dng CPU
10/2/2007
- Thi gianGio chtrnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin
34
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
Khi qun l tin trnh
1 2 PID Status Ready List/WaitingList CPU-State-Rec Processor 3 Main store Resource Created resource Parent 4 Progeny Priority CPU time 10/2/2007 5 ...l H iu hnh Gio trnh Nguyn Trn H Thy Tin 35 PCB1 PCB2 PCB3 Unit1 RCB1 RCB1 PCB Unit2 RCB2 RCB2
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Cc khi nim
Tiu trnh (Threads): mt n v x l c bn ca h thng. Mt tiu trnh cng c th to lp cc tin trnh con Mt tin trnh c th s hu nhiu tiu trnh Cc tiu trnh trong cng mt tin trnh c th: - Chia s mt khng gian a ch. - Truy xut n cc Stack ca nhau
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
M hnh trng thi

Cc trng thi ca tin trnh Mi to: tin trnh ang c to lp. Running: tin trnh ang c x l. Ready: tin trnh ang sn sng, ch cp CPU x l Blocked: tin trnh b chn, khng th tip tc. Kt thc: tin trnh hon tt x l.
10/2/2007
37
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
M hnh trng thi

S chuyn trng thi ca tin trnh
Mi to 1 Ready 2 6
10/2/2007
Kt thc 5 3 Running
4 Blocked
38
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
M hnh trng thi

S chuyn trng thi ca tin trnh (1) Tin trnh mi to lp c a vo h thng. (2) B iu phi cp pht cho tin trnh mt khong thi gian s dng CPU. (3) Tin trnh kt thc, b iu phi thu li CPU. (4) Tin trnh yu cu ti nguyn nhng cha c p ng, hoc phi ch mt s kin hay thao tc nhp/xut.
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
M hnh trng thi

S chuyn trng thi ca tin trnh (5) B iu phi chn mt tin trnh khc x l. (6) Ti nguyn m tin trnh yu cu sn sng cp pht, hay s kin, thao tc nhp/xut tin trnh ang i hon tt.
10/2/2007
40
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Thao tc trn tin trnh

To lp tin trnh Mt tin trnh c th to lp nhiu tin trnh mi Tin trnh to ra tin trnh mi gi l tin trnh cha Tin trnh mi c to ra gi l tin trnh con Tin trnh con n lt li to ra mt lot cc tin trnh con ca n,... Qu trnh ny tip tc s to thnh cy tin trnh
10/2/2007
41
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

To lp tin trnh Khi to lp tin trnh,HH cn thc hin: 9 nh danh cho tin trnh (PID) 9 a tin trnh vo danh sch qun l ca h thng 9 Xc nh u tin ca tin trnh 9 To khi qun l tin trnh (PCB) 9 Cp pht ti nguyn ban u cho tin trnh
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

Kt thc tin trnh Khi tin trnh kt thc, HH thc hin: Thu hi cc ti nguyn ca h thng cp pht cho tin trnh Hu tin trnh khi tt c cc danh sch qun l ca h thng Hu b PCB ca tin trnh
10/2/2007
43
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

Mc tiu iu phi Tiu chun iu phi iu phi khng c quyn, iu phi c quyn ng h ngt gi u tin ca tin trnh T chc iu phi Cc chin lc iu phi
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

Mc tiu iu phi 10/2/2007
S cng bng gia cc tin trnh Tnh hiu qu (tn dng 100% thi gian s dng CPU) Cc tiu ho thi gian lu li trong h thng Thi gian p ng hp l (cc tiu ho thi gian hi p cho cc tng tc ca NSD) Thng lng ti a (cc i ho s cng vic c Gio trnh iu hnh - nh) x l trong mNguyn t thl H i gian c 45
Trn H Thy Tin
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

Tiu chun iu phi (c im ca tin trnh) 10/2/2007
Tnh hng xut/nhp ca tin trnh Tnh hng x l ca tin trnh Tin trnh tng tc hay x l theo l u tin ca tin trnh Thi gian s dng CPU ca tin trnh Thi gian cn li tin trnh cn hon tt
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin 46
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

iu phi c quyn Tin trnh khi nhn c CPU th c c quyn s dng cho n khi tin trnh hon tt hay t nguyn gii phng CPU Quyt nh iu phi CPU xy ra khi: + Tin trnh chuyn t trng thi Running sang Blocked + Tin trnh kt thc
10/2/2007
Gio l H d i Gii thu t trnh Nguyn n gi n, u hnh ci- t nhng ngn c47 n cc Trn H Thy Tin tin trnh cn li trong h thng c c hi x l
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

iu phi khng c quyn Tin trnh c th b tm dng hot ng bt c lc no m khng c bo trc, tin trnh khc x l. (khi c mt tin trnh khc c u tin cao hn v quyn dnh s dng CPU) Quyt nh iu phi CPU xy ra khi: + Tin trnh chuyn t trng thi Running sang Blocked
10/2/2007
+ Tin trnh chuyn t trng thi Running sang Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh 48 Ready Trn H Thy Tin
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

iu phi khng c quyn + Tin trnh chuyn t trng thi blocked sang Ready + Tin trnh kt thc Ngn cn c tnh trng cc tin trnh c chim CPU, nhng vic tam dng mt tin trnh dn n cc mu thun trong truy xut. i hi phng php ng b ho thch hp
10/2/2007
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

ng h ngt thi gian B m thi gian qui nh mt thng s thi gian t thch hp ng vi mt lt cp CPU cho mt tin trnh Sau mt khong thi gian t s xy ra mt ngt bo hiu ht thi gian s dng CPU ca tin trnh hin hnh. HH s thu hi CPU v b iu phi s quyt nh tin trnh no s c cp pht.
10/2/2007
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

u tin ca tin trnh u tin ca tin trnh: gi tr gip phn nh tm quan trng ca cc tin trnh u tin tnh: + c gn sn cho tin trnh khi mi c ta ra + Khng thay i 10/2/2007
u tin ng: thay i theo thi gian v mi trng x l ca tin trnh

CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

T chc iu phi Danh sch sn sng (Ready List) Danh sch ch i (Waiting List) Cc danh sch ch i ring cho tng ti nguyn (thit b ngoi vi)
10/2/2007
52
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

T chc iu phi
Ready List I/O waitingList CPU Yu cu Ht quyn s dng Ngt i mt ngt
S chuyn i gia cc danh sch iu phi

CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

Chin lc iu phi Thut ton FIFO Thut ton Round Robin (xoay vng) Thut ton SJF (Shortest-Job-First) Thut ton s dng u tin
10/2/2007
54
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

Chin lc iu phi
Ready List C B A CPU
iu phi FIFO
10/2/2007
55
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

Chin lc iu phi
Ready List A C B A CPU
iu phi Round Robin
10/2/2007
56
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
iu phi tin trnh

T chc iu phi Danh sch sn sng (Ready List) Danh sch ch (Waiting List) Cc danh sch ch ring cho tng ti nguyn (thit b ngoi vi)
10/2/2007
57
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Nhu cu ng b ho Yu cu truy xut c quyn Yu cu phi hp
10/2/2007
58
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Min gng (Critical Section) Vn tranh ot iu khin if (taikhoan-tienrut)>=0 taikhoan=taikhoan-tienrut; else error (<<khong the rut tien!>>); 10/2/2007
Khi nim min gng: on ch ng trnh kh Gio trnh Nguyn l H c iu hnh - nng xy ra cc mu 59 Tr n H Th y Tin thun truy xut trn ti nguyn chung
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Min gng (Critical Section) iu kin gii quyt tt bi ton min gng: Khng c 2 tin trnh cng trong min gng Khng ph thuc vo tc ca tin trnh Mt tin trnh tm dng bn ngoi min gng khng c ngn cn cc tin trnh khc vo min gng Khng c tin trnh no phi ch v hn c Nguyn l H iu hnh vo miGio n gtrnh ng. 60
Trn H Thy Tin
10/2/2007
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php S dng bin kho - Dng bin lock chung cho cc tin trnh - Nu lock==1 th kho, khng cho tin trnh vo min gng. Ch cho n khi lock==0 - Nu lock==0 th cho tin trnh vo min gng, t lock==1 kho khng cho cc tin trnh khc vo min gng
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php S dng bin kho
- Gii thut s dng bin kho ng b while (1) { while (lock==1);// wait lock=1; critical_section(); lock=0;
10/2/2007
Noncritical_section();
62
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
- Gii thut s dng bin kho ng b while (1) { while (lock==1);// wait lock=1; critical_section(); lock=0; non_critical_section(); }
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH CHNG 5. H THNG FILE
ng b ho tin trnh
- V d: p dng gii thut s dng bin kho ng b while (1) { t=t*2; while (lock==1);// wait lock=1;
for (s=0,i=0;i<=t;i++) s+=i;
printf(s=%i,s); lock=0;
10/2/2007
break; Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin }
64
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php Kim tra lun phin - Cc tin trnh mun i vo min gng th c gn nhn 0|1 - S dng bin turn ch th t lun phin. - Nu turn==0: tin trnh c nhn 0 c vo min gng - Nu turn==1: tin trnh c nhn 1 c vo min gng Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh 65
Trn H Thy Tin
10/2/2007
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php Kim tra lun phin - Gii thut ca tin trnh c nhn 0
while (1) { while (turn != 0);// wait critical_section(); turn=1; non_critical_section();
10/2/2007
66
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php Kim tra lun phin - Gii thut ca tin trnh c nhn 1
while (1) { while (turn != 1);// wait critical_section(); turn=0; non_critical_section();
10/2/2007
67
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php Gii php Peterson
#define N 2 // Ch 2 tin trnh int turn=0, interested[N]={0,0}; void enter_region(int process) // Vo G { int other=1-process;//other l tin trnh i ca process interested[prcess]=1; turn=process; while ((turn==process)&&interested[other]==1);//ch
10/2/2007
68
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php Gii php Peterson
void leave_region(int process) // Ra khi G { interested[prcess]=0; }
10/2/2007
69
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php Gii php Sleep and Wakeup - S dng 2 th tc: sleep v wakeup - Khi tin trnh cha iu kin vo min gng, n goi sleep t kho n khi mt tin trnh khc gi wakeup nh thc n. - Tin trnh khi ra khi min gng s gi wakeup nh thc tin trnh khc. - int busy;// 1: nu min gng ang bn, 0:khng bn
10/2/2007
- int blocked;//m s lng tin trnh ang b kho
70
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
ng b ho tin trnh
Gii php Gii php Sleep and Wakeup Gii thut:
while (1) { if (busy) { blocked=blocked+1; sleep(); } else busy=1;
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin critical_section(); }
busy=0; if (blocked) { wakeup(process); blocked=blocked-1; } noncritical_section();

71
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH
Xc nh trng thi an ton

Thut ton:
S dng cc cu trc d liu sau: int allocation[numprocs,numresources]; //allocation[p,r] s lng ti nguyn r thc s cp pht cho p int max[numprocs,numresources]; // max[p,r] nhu cu ti a ca tin trnh p v ti nguyn r int need[numprocs,numresources]; //need[p,r]=max[p,r]-allocation[p,r] int available[numresources]
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh //available[r] s n l ng Tr H Th y ti Tin nguyn r cn t do 72
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

Thut ton:
int word[numresouces]=available; int finish[numproces]=false; 1. Tm i sao cho a. finish[i]==false; b. need[i,j]<=word[j]; vi mi ti nguyn j nu khng c i nh th, n bc 3 2. Word[j]=word[j]+allocation[i,j]; finish[i]=true; n bc 1;
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguynv l H m i ui hnh - h thng trng thi an 3. Nu finish[i]==true i i th 73 Trn H Thy Tin ton. Ngc li h thng b tc nghn
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

v d: gi s tnh trng hin hnh ca h thng c m t bng di. Nu tin trnh P2 yu cu cp 4 R1, 1 R3. Hy cho bit yu cu ny c th p ng m khng xy ra tnh trng tt nghn
Max R1 P1 P2 P3
10/2/2007
Allocation R3 2 3 4 R1 1 2 2 R2 0 1 1 R3 0 1 1 2
Available R1 4 R2 1 R3 2
R2 2 1 1
3 6 3
P4
Gio l u hnh -0 4trnh Nguyn 2 2H i0 Trn H Thy Tin
74
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

v d: Available[1]=4, Available[3]=2 tho mn yu cu ca P2, ta c
Need R1 P1 P2 P3
10/2/2007
Allocation R3 2 1 3 R1 1 6 2 R2 0 1 1 R3 0 2 1 2
Available R1 0 R2 1 R3 1
R2 2 0 0
2 0 1
P4
Gio l u hnh -0 4trnh Nguyn 2 0H i0 Trn H Thy Tin
75
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

v d:
Need R1 P1 P2 P3 P4 2 0 1 4 R2 2 0 0 2 R3 2 0 3 0 Allocation R1 1 0 2 0 R2 0 0 1 0 R3 0 0 1 2 Available R1 6 R2 2 R3 3
10/2/2007
76
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

v d:
10/2/2007
77
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

V d:
10/2/2007
78
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

V d:
10/2/2007
Trng thi kt qu l an ton, c th cp pht. Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin 79
CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

Bi tp:
Max R1 P1 P2 P3 P4 3 6 3 4 R2 2 1 1 2 R3 2 3 4 2 Allocation R1 1 2 2 0 R2 0 1 1 0 R3 0 1 1 2 Available R1 4 R2 1 R3 2
10/2/2007
Tin trnh P2 yu cu 4 R1, 1 R3. Hy cho bit yu cu ny c th p ng m m bo khng xy ra Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh 80 Trn Hn Th y Tin tnh trng tt ngh hay khng?
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cc vn
1. Khi nim 2. Khng gian a ch v khng gian vt l 3. Cp pht lin tc 4. Cp pht khng lin tc 5. B nh o
10/2/2007
81
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Khi nim
B nh l thit b lu tr duy nht thng qua CPU c th trao i thng tin vi mi trng ngoi. B nh chnh c t chc nh mt mng mt chiu cc t nh (word), mi t nh c mt a ch. Vic trao i vi mi trng ngoi thng qua thao tc c, ghi d liu vo mt a ch c th trong b nh
10/2/2007
82
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Khi nim
H iu hnh thc hin: - S tng ng gia a ch logic v a ch vt l - Qun l b nh vt l - Chia s thng tin - Bo v
10/2/2007
83
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Khng gian a ch v khng gian vt l

a ch logic (a ch o): cc a ch do b x l to ra. a ch vt l: a ch thc t m trnh qun l b nh nhn thy v thao tc. Khng gian a ch: tp hp tt c cc a ch o pht sinh bi mt chng trnh.
10/2/2007
84
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Khng gian a ch v khng gian vt l

Khng gian vt l: tp hp tt c cc a ch vt l tng ng vi cc a ch o. MMU (Memory Management Unit): mt c ch phn cng chuyn i a ch o thnh a ch vt l. Chng trnh ca NSD ch thao tc trn a ch o.
10/2/2007
85
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h n chng Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng ng Cc h thng a chng vi k thut Swapping
10/2/2007
86
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h n chng
0xFFF Tin trnh ngi dng
H iu hnh 0
10/2/2007 Gio Nguyn l H h iu hnh T ch c trnh b nh trong th ng n chng Trn H Thy Tin 87
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng n chng S dng thanh ghi gii hn: a ch cao nht ca vng nh c cp cho HH Tt c cc a ch c tin trnh NSD truy xut n s c so snh vi ni dung thanh ghi gii hn. + Nu ln hn: hp l. + Ngc li : mt ngt s c pht sinh bo s truy xut bt hp l.
10/2/2007
Nguyn l H iu hnh 88 c Ti mtGio thtrnh iTr i m ch c mt chng trnh n H Th y Tin x l.
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng n chng V d: Trong HH MSDOS, mt lc ch thc thi c mt lnh. Khi NSD g lnh lp tc lnh c thc hin v sau khi hon tt, con tr xut hin sau du nhc i lnh ch NSD g lnh tip theo.
10/2/2007
89
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh B nh c chia thnh cc phn vng (kch thc khc hay bng nhau) Cc tin trnh c nhu cu b nh s c lu tr vo hng i. S dng nhiu hng i S dng mt hng i
10/2/2007
90
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh
Partition 4 500K Partition 3 200K Partition 1 100K H iu hnh 0
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H c iu hnh Phn vng nh- nhiu Trn H Thy Tin
hng i
91
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh
Partition 4 500K Partition 3 200K Partition 1 100K H iu hnh 0
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H c i u hnh Phn vng nh Trn H Thy Tin
mt hng i
92
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh Phn vng c nh nhiu hng i Mi phn vng c mt hng i Mi tin trnh mi c to lp s c a vo hng i ca phn vng c kch thc nh nht tho mn nhu cu cha n. Cc hng i ca mt s phn vng trng, y. Cc tin trnh phi ch c cp pht b nh.
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh Phn vng c nh mt hng i Tt c cc tin trnh c t trong mt hng i. Khi c mt phn vng t do, tin trnh u tin trong hng i c kch thc ph hp s c t vo phn vng ny cho x l. Kch thc ca tin trnh khng ng bng kch thc ca phn vng t do phn mnh ni vi Mc a chng b gii hn bi s lng phn Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh 94 vng Trn H Thy Tin
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh Phn vng c nh mt hng i Gii quyt 2 vn ca a chng: s ti nh v, s bo v
V d: gi s chng trnh truy xut n a ch 100 (a ch tng i), ct c np vo phn vng 1 a ch bt u 100k, th a ch truy xut l (100k+100) 10/2/2007
Ti nh v vo thi im np chng trnh

CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh Phn vng c nh mt hng i S dng cc thanh ghi c bit: phn cng Thanh ghi nn (Base Register) Thanh ghi gii hn (Limit Register)
Khi mt tin trnh c to lp, np vo thanh ghi nn a ch bt u ca phn vng c np, np vo thanh ghi gii hn kch thc ca tin trnh.
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh Phn vng c nh mt hng i a ch o c i chiu vi thanh ghi gii hn bo m tin trnh khng truy xut ngoi phm vi phn vng cp cho n. a ch vt l=a ch o+a ch trong thanh ghi nn. S dng thanh ghi nn l c th di chuyn cc chng trnh trong b nh sau khi chng bt u Gio trnh Nguyn iu hnh - ghi nn. c n npllH ithanh x l. Ch 97
Trn H Thy Tin
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng c nh Phn vng c nh mt hng i
Limit Register a ch o < no
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh a ch c l i Trn H Thy Tin
Base Register yes + a ch vt l
CPU
B nh
10/2/2007
98
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng ng Xy ra hin tng phn mnh ngoi vi K thut dn b nh: kt hp cc mnh b nh nh ri rc thnh mt vng nh ln lin tc
Cc tin trnh c th b di chuyn. Kch thc tin trnh tng trng trong qu trnh x l m khng cn vng nh trng gn k (di ch tin trnh, cp pht d).
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng ng
B A
HH
B A
HH
D A
HH
A
HH
A
HH
10/2/2007
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iphn u hnh - vng C p pht cc Trn H Thy Tin
ng
100
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng ng Gii php cp pht ng Qun l bng mt bng cc bit Qun l bng danh sch
10/2/2007
101
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng ng Qun l bng mt bng cc bit
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi phn vng ng Qun l bng danh sch
B 4 6 9
C 11 14
0
P 0 4
10/2/2007
P 14 4
11 3
103
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi k thut Swapping
Vng nh dnh cho NSD HH
Swap out Swap in
P1 P2
10/2/2007
104
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht lin tc
Cc h thng a chng vi k thut Swapping Chuyn mt tin trnh ang trng thi ch nm sang b nh ph. (swap out) Khi n lt n s c mang tr li b nh chnh tip tc x l. (swap in) Xy ra hin tng phn mng ngoi vi.
10/2/2007
105
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang Phn on Phn on kt hp phn trang
10/2/2007
106
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
tng C ch MMU Chuyn i a ch Ci t bng trang T chc bng trang
10/2/2007
107
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
tng B nh vt l: chia thnh cc khi (khung trang) c kch thc bng nhau. Khng gian a ch: chia thnh cc khi (trang) c kch thc trng bng khung trang. Khi cn np mt tin trnh x l, cc trang ca tin trnh s c np vo cc khung trang cn trng.
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
tng Tin trnh c kch thc N trang, s yu cu N khung trang t do.
Page 1 Page 0 Page 3 Page 2 Khng gian vt l
109
Page 0 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3

10/2/2007
Khng gian a ch Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
C ch MMU(Memory Management Unit) C ch phn cng h tr chuyn i a ch trong c ch phn trang (bng trang). Mi phn t trong bng trang: a ch bt u lu tr trang tng ng trong b nh vt l;s hiu khung trang tng ng.
10/2/2007
110
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
Chuyn i a ch a ch pht sinh bi CPU gm 2 phn: p,d + p: s hiu trang + d: a ch tng i a ch vt l=a ch bt u ca trang + d.
10/2/2007
111
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
Chuyn i a ch
a ch logic CPU P d Bng trang p f a ch vt l f d B nh vt l
10/2/2007
C ch phn cng h tr phn trang
112
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
Ci t bng trang S dng tp cc thanh ghi: bng trang c kch thc nh. Lu tr trong b nh, s dng thanh ghi nn(PTBR) lu a ch bt u bng trang. (Page Table Basic Register) S dng b nh kt hp (TLB), mi thanh ghi trong b nh gm: (Translation Lookaside Buffers) Gio trnh iu hnh t kho: sNguyn hil uHtrang 113 Trn H Thy Tin gi tr: s hiu khung trang
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
Ci t bng trang
a ch logic CPU P d Bng trang p PTBR + f a ch vt l f d B nh vt l
10/2/2007
114
C ch phn trang s dng PTBR
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
Ci t bng trang
a ch logic CPU P d Bng trang p f p f TLB Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh TrnC H yTin Th ch phn trang s dng TLB a ch vt l f d B nh vt l
10/2/2007
115
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
T chc bng trang Mi HH c mt cch t chc bng trang. a s cc HH cp cho mi tin trnh mt bngtrang Nu khng gian a ch c dung lng qu ln. Bng trang i hi mt vng nh qu ln. C 2 gii php:
10/2/2007
Phn trang a cp.

CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
T chc bng trang Phn trang a cp Phn chia bng trang thnh cc phn nh, bn thn bng trang cng s c phn trang
10/2/2007
117
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn trang
T chc bng trang
1 500 501 900 Bng trang cp 1
10/2/2007
Page 1 Page 500 Page 501
Page 900
Bng trang cp 2 c p
B nh vt l
118
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Bng trang nh Trn H Thy Tin
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
tng C ch MMU Chuyn i a ch Ci t bng phn on Chia s phn on
10/2/2007
119
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
tng Khng gian a ch: tp cc phn on(segments) c kch thc khc nhau, c lin h logic vi nhau Mi phn on: <s hiu, di> Mi a ch logic: <s hiu phn on, offset>
10/2/2007
120
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
tng
M hnh phn on b nh
Bng k hiu
Stack CT chnh
CT con
10/2/2007
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Khng a ch Tr n H Thgian y Tin
121
Khng gian vt l
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
C ch MMU S dng bng phn on: Thanh ghi nn: a ch vt l ni bt u ca phn on Thanh ghi gii hn: chiu di ca phn on
10/2/2007
122
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
Chuyn i a ch 10/2/2007
Mi a ch logic: <s,d> s: s hiu phn on d: a ch tng i offset, c gi tr t 0 n di phn on. a ch vt l=d+ gi tr cha trong thanh ghi nn
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
Chuyn i a ch s
limit base
CPU
d < sai
Bng phn on ng + B nh vt l
10/2/2007
C ch phTr n c Tin tr k thut phn on n Hng Thh y
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh -
Li a ch
124
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
Ci t bng phn on S dng tp cc thanh ghi: bng phn on c kch thc nh. Lu tr trong b nh: bng phn on c kch thc ln Thanh ghi nn bng phn on (STBR) lu a ch bt u bng phn on (Segment Table Basic Register)
125 Thanh ghi c t kch thc bng phn on (STLR) Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
Ci t bng phn on
limit Bng k Segment 1 hiu Stack Segment 2 CT chnh CT con Segment 3 Segment 0
10/2/2007
6700 Segment 1 base 1400 6300 4300 3200 3200 2400 1400 6300 4700 4300 Segment 3 Segment 2
1000 400 400 1100
Segment 0
126
Khng
Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh gian aTr ch n H Thy Tin
H thng phn on
Khng gian vt l
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
Ci t bng phn on
STBR STLR CPU + ng < s d < sai
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn HL Th y Tin i a ch
s limit base
Bng phn on ng + B nh vt l
127
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
Chia s phn on Kh nng chia x mc phn on: chia x cc chng trnh con. Mi tin trnh c mt bng phn on ring. Mt phn on c chia x khi cc phn t trong bng phn on ca hai tin trnh khc nhau cng truy xut n mt a ch vt l ging nhau
10/2/2007
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on
Chia s phn on
Khng gian a ch p1 editor Segment 0 data1 Segment 1 editor Segment 0 Bng phn on p1 limit 0 1 base 25286 43062 4425 68348 limit 43062 editor 68348 72773 90003 98853 Data 1
Bng phn on p2 base 0 25286 43062 1 8850 90003
Data 2
10/2/2007
data1 Segment 1 iu hnh Gio trnh Nguyn l H Khng gian a ch p2

Trn H Thy Tin
129
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Phn on kt hp phn trang
tng C ch MMU Chuyn i a ch
10/2/2007
130
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

tng Khng gian a ch: tp hp cc phn on. Mi phn on: chia thnh nhiu Tin trnh c a vo h thng, HH s cp pht cho tin trnh cc trang cn thit cha cc phn on ca tin trnh
10/2/2007
131
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

tng
Bng k hiu Stack CT chnh CT con
Khng gian a ch
10/2/2007 Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin
Khng gian vt l
132
M hnh phn on kt hp phn trang
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

Chuyn i a ch Mi a ch: <s, p, d> S: s hiu phn on P: s hiu trang D: a ch tng i
10/2/2007
133
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
Cp pht khng lin tc

C ch MMU
s s limit base + CPU s p d f
Nguyn l H i u hnh C ch Gio phtrnh n c ng phn o n n H Thy Tin kt hp Tr phn trang
Bng phn on
Bng trang ca mt phn on p f
10/2/2007
B nh v134 t l
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
B nh o
Nu t ton th khng gian a ch vo b nh vt l th kch thc ca chng trnh b gii hn bi kch thc b nh. Np tng phn ca chng trnh. Ti mt thi im, ch np vo b nh vt l cc ch th v d liu ca ct cn thit cho vic thi hnh lnh thi im .
10/2/2007
135
CHNG 4. QUN L B NH
B nh o
B nh o: k thut cho php x l mt tin trnh k0 c np ton b vo b nh vt l. B nh o: m hnh ho b nh nh mt bng lu tr rt ln v ng nht. NSD lm vic vi a ch o. Vic chuyn i sang a ch vt l do HH m nhim bng c ch phn cng
10/2/2007
136
CHNG 5. H THNG FILE
M hnh Client-Server
10/2/2007
137
CHNG 5. H THNG FILE
M hnh Client-Server
10/2/2007
138

GT Hedieuhanh 542

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GT Hedieuhanh 542

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I HC NNG

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Khi nim h iu hnh

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Chc nng ca h iu hnh

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Ti nguyn phn mm Cc file, chng trnh dng chung,...

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Ngn ng my Micro Programming Cc thit b vt l Phn cng

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

Qun l m ng Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

H thng nguyn khi

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

H thng nguyn khi

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

H thng nguyn khi

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

H thng nguyn khi

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG

CHNG 2. TIN TRNH

Gio trnh Nguyn l H iu hnh Trn H Thy Tin