International Seminar on Infrastucture Development in Cluster Island Eastern Part of Indonesia, Baubau, Indonesia

STUDY OF EFFECTIVITY OF POROUS INFILTRATION MODEL FOR URBAN FLOODING CONTROL

Johannes Patanduk1, Mukhsan Putra Hatta2, Halidin Arfan3, and Ahmad Zubair4

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examine the basic characteristics of the soil infiltration capacity and parameter in surface runoff, by creating a porous diffusion method. Model studies done by designing a modified rainfall simulator experiments including media equipment calibration and adjustment procedures. Model leach tests conducted using soil and sand stone material. The results showed that the characteristics of the soil material in the category clay silt soils with permeability values generated 9.59 x10-7 m / s, this means very low permeability. Material characteristics of sand stone (gravel) with permeability values generated 1.64 x10-3 m / s. From the analysis of the groundwater layer reduction process occurs as indicated by the increase in speed of up to eight times the speed of runoff that occurs in the soil. Keywords: Characteristics of Soil Materials, Porous Materials, Permeability

INTRODUCTION
Type of infiltration wells are known in Indonesia, the first is an introduction of absorption wells by the (Department of Public Works, 1990) were used to collect rainwater from the roof. In Indonesia, only a few cities that use these types of wells. Wells generally have a diameter of 1 meter and a depth of 3 meters. At the time of rain water from the roof will flow to the recharge wells and if the soil has been saturated, water will enter the drainage system in the form of surface runoff. With these recharge wells, the flood water can be reduced and reducing the potential for flooding. (Wahyono, 1999). Yogyakarta local government has implemented a catchment wells in residential areas, where infiltration wells in the residential area will be able to collect rain water and can be a backup of water in the dry season arrives. Infiltration wells serves to increase or raise the ground water, reducing the pool of flood water, prevent sea water intrusion, reducing the symptoms disappear local soil and conserve and save water resources for the long term (Pasaribu, 1999). Therefore, one solution is to restore function to artificially recharge. This will provide a double benefit: lower surface runoff and increase groundwater replenishment (Muttaqin, 2006). Water infiltration wells is water conservation engineering in the form of the building is made such that it resembles the shape of a certain depth dug wells that served as rainwater on the roof of the house and infiltrate it into the ground (MoF, 1994). According to (Waryono, 2004) understanding of the meaning of catchment areas in the expanse of the landscape, there are five key elements that must be fulfilled, namely: shaft soil conditions, the ability to absorb water, has a height difference of shallow ground water, located in areas with high rainfall> 2,500

mm / year and the vegetation cover in the root system, has strata (coating) canopy and understorey. Until now, the drainage design is based on the philosophy that the water quickly flowed and flooded the minimum service area. But with increasingly lame water balance (consumption and availability), we need a drainage design philosophy is not only safe but also at the same time the pool of berasas on water conservation (Sunyoto, 1987). The research was conducted in October 2012 in the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory courses in Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Hasanuddin. The research sample was taken at one location of a pool of 19 points inundation in the city of Makassar.

Fig. 1 Inundation Location Map samples 1 and 2 From the picture above it appears that there are 19 points of inundation in the city of Makassar in which areas it is colored green. Of the 19 critical points of a pool of research is devoted to the local Housing Antang. Below is shown the location Perumnas Antang inundation area. This study utilize mariginal as catchment areas. Mariginal land here is very limited land in urban areas. Infiltration model used is porous trapezoidal type, the

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Study of Effectivity of Porous Infiltration Model for Urban Flooding Control

model is able to reduce the infiltration of surface water to 30%. CHARACTERISTIC OF RESEARCH AREAS Permeability testing performed by Falling Head Method to determine the ability of the material to be seeped by water. From the results of soil mechanics laboratory tests indicate that the permeability of the soil in the inundation area and the area is not flooded not too much different from where the permeability of the soil in the area of inundation between 0.0000959 to 0.00010625 cm / sec. For the density of the soil in the area waterlogged soil moisture content between 32.41 to 33.63%, the weight of wet soil volume from 1.681 to 1.690 gr/cm3 and dry weight of the soil volume from 1.107 to 1.103 gr/cm3.

Fig. 2 Rate of Absorption In figure 17 Absorption Rate Trend In soil samples 1, 2 and porous material showed that the porous material infiltration rate greater than the infiltration rate of soil samples 1 and 2. Porous materials have a high permeability value of 0.0318 cm / sec. This suggests that the very low porosity of porous materials, so the time required to collect water that comes out faster. .

TYPICAL RECHARGE POROUS

There are several related research Porous Infiltration wells referenced in this study, where the infiltration wells porous rectangular shaped, circular or trapezoidal with widths ato average diameter of 0.8 m -1.4 m and have a depth of 1.5 m-3 m. Rainwater from the roof flows into the recharge wells and if the soil has been saturated water will enter the drainage in the form of surface runoff, which serves to reduce runoff and improve water filling the soil and can be a backup water during the dry season arrives. Given the flood water infiltration wells can be reduced and the reduction to 30% of surface water to reduce the potential for flooding. This research is a development that has been carried out by previous researchers that construction infiltration porous so that will be discussed is the construction of a porous material and then closed with geotextil. As shown below, the scheme is shown using porous infiltration inundation areas.

Fig. 3. Runoff Rate Charts From the calculation of the rate of runoff of soil material sample 1, sample 2 and porous material with a thickness of 18.5 cm soil layer showed constant runoff occurred at minute 30 with a runoff rate of 28.80 mm / min. From the calculation, the porous material can reduce 28.57% of the pool / runoff that occurs in the soil sample 1. While the soil sample 2, the porous material can reduce as much as 21.43%. Because the ground water runoff greater than the water runoff on porous material, it can be concluded that the porous material can be an alternative ground to minimize the occurrence of floods.

DISCUSSION
The presence of porous material as a substitute for lead soil infiltration rate is greater than the soil infiltration rate overall. This happens because the porous material has a grain size larger than the size of grains of soil so that the coefficient of permeability of the porous material is greater than the coefficient of permeability of the soil.

REFERENCES
Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, (1990), TATA CARA. PERENCANAAN TEKNIK SUMUR RESAPAN. AIR HUJAN UNTUK LAHAN PEKARANGAN, Jakarta Dephut. 1994.Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Pembuatan Bangunan Sumur Resapan Air. Direktorat Jenderal Reboisasi dan Rehabilitasi Lahan, Jakarta. Muttaqqin (2006). Teknologi Konservasi Air Tanah Dengan Sumur Resapan. Jakarta. Pasaribu, H.S. 1999. DAS Sebagai Satuan Perencanaan Terpadu Dalam Kaitannya dengan Pengembangan Wilayah dan Pengembangan Sektoral Berbasiskan Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Seminar Sehari PERSAKI DAS sebagai Satuan Perencaaan Terpadu dalam

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J. Patanduk, et al

Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air. 21 Desember 1999. Jakarta. Sunjoto, Dr. Ir. Dip.HE (1987). Sistem drainasi air hujan yang berwawasan lingkungan Majalah Kontruksi No. 122, Juni 1988. Wahyono (1999). Teknologi Konservasi Air Tanah dengan Sumur Resapan. Jakarta. Waryono, Tarsoen, (2004). Aplikasi Teknologi Sumur Resapan Ramah Lingkungan Dalam Kancah Revitalisasi Air Tanah.. Jakarta : UI.

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