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2008WORLD DRUG REPORT
 
Acknowledgements
This Report was produced in the Policy Analysis and Research Branch under the supervision of Sandeep Chawla, by the Statistics and Survey Section (headed by Angela Me) and the Studies and Threat Analysis Section (headed by Thibault le Pichon).Core Team: Coen Bussink (maps), Philip Davis (data analysis), Laureta Kazanxhiu (maps), Suzanne Kunnen (graphicdesign and desktop publishing), and Kristina Kuttnig (graphic design and desktop publishing), Theodore Leggett(editorial assistance), Matthew Nice (ATS trends and statistical assistance), Thomas Pietschmann (estimates, trends,market and global analysis, Chapter 2), Catherine Pysden (interactive data), Martin Raithelhuber (coca, opium andcannabis production data and analysis), Wolfgang Rhomberg (database management), Ali Saadeddin (data entry andstatistical assistance), Melissa Tullis (project management, global analysis, editorial assistance).The Report also benefited from the work and expertise of many other UNODC staff in Vienna and around the world.UNODC reiterates its appreciation and gratitude to States Members for the reports and information that providedthe basis of this edition of the
World Drug Report 
as well as to the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)and the European Monitoring Centre on Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).UNODC would like to thank the Government of Sweden for its continued financial support to the
World Drug Report 
.United Nations PublicationSales No. E.08.XI.1978-92-1-148229-4The boundaries, names and designations used in all maps in this book do notimply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.This publication has not been formally edited.
 
CONTENTS
Preface
1
Introduction
3
Explanatory notes
5
Executive Summary
7
1. TRENDS IN WORLD DRUG MARKETS
1.1 Overview 1.1.1 Global evolution 251.1.2 Global outlook 341.2 Opium / Heroin market1.2.1 Summary Trend Overview 371.2.2 Production 381.2.3 Trafficking 451.2.4 Consumption 551.3 Coca / Cocaine market1.3.1 Summary Trend Overview 651.3.2 Production 661.3.3 Trafficking 721.3.4 Consumption 841.4 Cannabis market1.4.1 Summary Trend Overview 951.4.2 Production 961.4.3 Trafficking 1021.4.4 Consumption 1111.5 Amphetamine-type stimulants market1.5.1 Summary Trend Overview 1231.5.2 Production 1241.5.3 Trafficking 1371.5.4 Consumption 153
2. A CENTURY OF INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL
2.1 Origins: The development of the opium problem in China 1732.2 The foundation of an international drug control system 1772.3 Drug control under the League of Nations, 1920-1945 1922.4 Development of the present system under the United Nations 1962.5 Achievements and unintended consequences of the international drug control system 212
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