1) What are the methods used in reducing the speed of the turbine rotar. 2) What is meant by degree of reaction?

3) Define the term steam nozzle. 4) What is meant by volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor?

5. i) Derive the expression for maximum blade efficiency in a single stage impulse turbine.

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ii) A Delaval type impulse turbine is to develop 150 KW with a probable consumption of 7.5 kg of steam per kwh with initial pressure being 12 bar and exhaust 0.15 bar. Taking the diameter at the throat of each nozzle as 6 mm, find the number of nozzle required. Assuming that 10 % of total drop is lost in diverging part of the nozzle, find the diameter at the exit of the nozzle and the quality of steam which is to be fully expanded as it leaves the nozzle. (10) (or) 6.i) Define critical pressure ratio for the nozzle of the steam turbine also prove that critical pressure ratio in terms of the index of expansion. ii) A single stage steam turbine is supplied with steam at 5 bar,200oC at the rate of 50 kg/min. It expands into a condenser at a pressure of 0.2 bar. The blade speed is 400 m/s. The nozzle are inclined at an angle of 20o to the plane of the wheel and the outlet blade angle is 30o.neglecting friction losses, determine the power developed ,blade efficiency ,and stage efficiency 7 i) Describe briefly the various methods of steam turbine governing ii) Prove that the volumetric efficiency of a single stage compressor is given by vol =1+k-k (p2/p1)1/n where k= vc/vs (or) (8) (8)

8) The following data relative to a single stage of reaction turbine Mean rotor diameter=1.5 m, speed ratio =0.72, blade outlet angle=20o, rotor speed =3000 rpm a) determine the diagram efficiency b) determine the % increase in diagram efficiency and rotor speed if the rotor is designed to run at the best theoretical speed, the exit angle being 20o (16)

1) What is meant by steel? 2) What is the difference between case hardening and surface hardening? 3) What is the purpose of inoculants used in grey cast iron? 4) What is meant by graphitization?

5) Describe the following case hardening process a) carburizing b)nit riding c) cyaniding d) carbonitriding (or) 6) Explain the following case hardening process with neat diagram a) Flame hardening b) induction hardening

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7) Describe the following types cast iron a) Grey cast iron b)White cast iron c)Spherodial cast iron d) Malleable cast iron (16) (or) 8) Explain the effects of following alloying elements on steel a) Manganese b)Silicon c)Chromium d)Molybdenum e) Vanadium f)Titanium g)Tungsten h) Phosphorus (16)